Dr. Konstantin Romanov Head of Division 1
COOLING EFFECT OF METHANE Controls on anthropogenic emissions of methane to lower surface ozone have been identified as win win situations, referring to both global cooling and warming Source: 5th Assesment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013 2
DIFFERENT EMISSIONS METRICS IPCC s research on the global warming effect Various metrics can be used to compare the contributions to climate change of emissions of different substances. No single metric can accurately compare all consequences of different emissions, and all have limitations and uncertainties Global Warming Potential GWP on the cumulative radiative forcing over a particular time horizon Up to 4th IPCC report, the most common metric has been the Global Warming Potential (GWP) based on Global Temperature change Potential GTP the change in global mean surface temperature at a chosen point in time The uncertainty in the GWP increases with time horizon, and for the 100-year GWP of well-mixed greenhouse gases the uncertainty can be as large as ±40% Several studies also point out that GWP is not well suited for policies with a maximum temperature target - like in Paris agreement There is now increasing focus on the Global Temperature change Potential The GTP metric is better suited to target-based policies Source: 5th Assesment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013 25* (28** or 34 with ccf ***) values for fossil methane for 100 years Sources: Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC (2013) * 4 Assessment IPCC Report (value implemented in Inventories) ** 5 Assessment IPCC Report *** carbon-climate feedback 6 (13 with with ccf ***) 3
GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL VS GLOBAL TEMPERATURE CHANGE POTENTIAL Years GWP GTP Years 20 GWP 100 GWP 500 GWP 56 62 Implementation in National Inventories 21 21 23 6.5 7.0 7.6 1 2 3 4 Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 1990 1995 2001 2007 2013 72 25 86 84 34 28 5 70 67 Uncertainties in GTP arise from the same factors contributing to GWP uncertainties 11 4* * 6-13 for fossil methane 20 GTP 100 GTP 4
GLOBAL ANNUAL NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC METHANE EMISSIONS, Mt (2000-2009) NATURAL METHANE EMISSIONS ANTHROPOGENIC METHANE EMISSIONS 217 Swamps (177-284)* 40(8-73) Lakes and rivers 11 Termites (2-22) 15 54 Ocean (33-75) Hydrates 6 (2-9) Wild animals Fires 1 (0-1) Permafrost 3 (1-5) Ruminants 89 (87-94) 35 (32-39) 75 Wastes (67-90) Oil and gas industry 50 (36-64) (biofuel included) Biomass combustion Rice 36 (33-40) * Range of estimations Source: 4th and 5th Assesment Report s of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007, 2013 5
ppb/год DYNAMICS OF METHANE CONCENTRATION INCREASE/DECREASE IN THE ATMOSPHERE 15 10 5 0-5 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Rates of methane concentration changes in the atmosphere ~ 678 (542-852) Mt ~5,000 ~ 632 (592-785) Mt Including: total methane emissions into the atmosphere (average 2000-2009) natural ~ 347 (238-484) Mt anthropogenic ~ 331 (304-368) Mt Mt total methane in the Earth s atmosphere Source: 5th Assesment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013 methane removal from the atmosphere (average 2000-2009) Removal mechanisms: - ОН hydroxyl radical (tropospheric, stratospheric), - tropospheric Cl, - oxidation in soils. 6
METHANE EMISSIONS REGULATION IN RUSSIA Greenhouse Gas Toxic Gas Methane emissions (thousand tonnes) FEE Reduction in GHG Intensity CO 2 -eq, % KPI ( ) 7
STATE SYSTEM PERMITTING FEE COLLECTION SUPERVISION LIMITATIONS OF EMISSIONS FOR EVERY FACILITY BY STATE BODIES 5 % FEDERAL BUDGET 40 % REGIONAL BUDGET ENVIRONMRNTAL AND TAX AUTHORITIES (EMISSIONS MONITORING AND PAYMENT CONTROL) Official reporting 55 % MUNICIPAL BUDGET State Environmental bulletins http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statist ics/publications/catalog/5e901c0042cb5cc99b49bf307f2fa3f8 All methane emissions in Russia, kt 2012 2013 2014 2015 3,241.3 3,382.3 3,221.8 3,302.0 Source: Rosstat, 2016 8
METHANE EMISSIONS DETECTION, MEASUREMENT AND ELIMINATION CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF NATURAL GAS CONСENTRATION ON COMPRESSOR STATIONS BY LASER TECHNOLOGIES LOCALIZATION OF LEAKAGES BY PORTABLE INSTRUMENTS DISTANT PERIODIC MONITORING OF METHANE EMISSIONS WITH TOTAL QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT CH 4 PERIODIC MONITORING OF NATURAL GAS EMISSIONS ON COMPRESSOR STATIONS BY HAND-HELD CONTROL DEVICES INSPECTION DISCOVERED LEAKAGE ELIMINATION Replacement of leaky facilities Bandaging Sealing of shut-off valves 9
EVALUATING METHANE EMISSIONS AT GAZPROM FACILITIES WITH FOREIGN PARTNERS YEAR PARTNERS SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATIONS 1995 US EPA 1 compressor station; 1 compressor shop 1996-1997 Ruhrgas (Open Grid Europe) 3 complex gas treatment plants; 2 well clusters; 3 compressor stations; 6 compressor shops; 5,000 km of linear routes of mains 2002-2003 Ruhrgas (Open Grid Europe), Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry 5 compressor stations; 10 compressor shops; 4,000 km of linear routes of mains 2004-2005 Sumitomo Corporation, Agra 2006, 2008 Sojitz Corporation 1 compressor station; 3 compressor shops; 750 km of linear routes of mains; 5 pipeline branches; 5 gas distribution stations 2 compressor stations; 4 compressor shops; 600 km of linear routes of mains; 100 valve nodes; 80 valve nodes of pipeline branches; 32 gas distribution stations, 4 gas measuring stations 2010 Global methane initiative, US EPA 162 km of gas main pipeline; 2 compressor shops; 41 valve nodes 2011 GDF-SUEZ (ENGIE) 1 compressor shop; 2 junction points 2013 Gasunie 1 shop; 10 valve nodes 10
2 STATE INVENTORY SYSTEMS CALCULATED VALUES activity type * IPCC coefficients (for developing countries and countries in transition) ACTUAL VALUES measurements + fuel and energy balance All national emissions (National Inventory Report, 2013) 41.8 Mt Stationary sources of all industries (Federal State Statistic Service, 2013) 3.4 Mt Energy industry of Russia: gas sector (2013) Gazprom (2013) 12.7 Mt National Inventory Report (Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring) 1.5 Mt Corporate Report State Report Basis for accusing Russian gas industry of major leaks emission fees, CDP, scientific papers 11
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Emissions, Mt Emissions, Mt METHANE EMISSIONS 14 12 2015 Russian GHG Inventory Submissions 2016 Mt 12.6-53.7 % Processing Distribution Transportation, storage 14 12 Production 10 10 8 6 Mt 5.8 8 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 12
CARBON FOOTPRINT OF NATURAL GAS CONSUMED IN CENTRAL EU GHG INTENSITY STUDY ON NATURAL GAS REPORT OCTOBER 2016 DATA COLLECTION OCTOBER 2016 REPORT NOVEMBER 2016 DELIVERY UPDATED BEST DATA TO PUBLIC 13
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GAZPROM KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS REDUCTION OF SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS (RELATIVE TO 2010), % REDUCTION OF SPECIFIC EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES (CO 2 -EQ.) (RELATIVE TO 2010), % 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 0 10 20 2.0 6.7 9.1 19.7 ACTUAL 10 20 8.3 12.0 15.8 17.8 ACTUAL 30 30 KPI 3 31.4 KPI 4 25.6 % % Energy-saving (cumulative), mln tce 12.6 9.8 7.3 5.0 2.8 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 133.4 123.8 122.2 110.7 102.6 Greenhouse gas emissions CO 2 -eq., mln ton 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 15