Membrane Filtration of Blank Control 1. Set up the filtration apparatus i. Insert sterile funnel base and stopper into the filter manifold. ii. Flame sterilize forceps. iii. Using flame sterilized forceps place a polycarbonate filter (47mm diameter, 0.45 μm pore size) onto a sterile funnel base. iv. Assemble the funnel by attaching it to the base using the clamp, unless magnetized. 2. Add 100 ml of PCR grade H 2 O to the funnel. 3. Turn the vacuum pump ON until the entire water sample has passed through the filter and funnel base, rinsing the sides of funnel with additional sterile PCR grade H 2 O as it filters (~20 30 ml). 4. Turn the vacuum pump OFF. 5. Remove the funnel. 6. Flame sterilize forceps. 7. Using flame sterilized forceps fold the filter and place it open side down into a labeled, sterilized DNA extraction tube, containing 0.3 g of acid washed glass beads. 8. The filter now can be extracted for DNA or stored at -20/ 80 C. Page 1 of 5
Membrane Filtration of Water Samples 1. Insert sterile funnels base and stopper into the filter manifold. 2. Flame sterilize forceps. 3. Using flame sterilized forceps place a polycarbonate filter (47mm diameter, 0.45 μm pore size) onto a sterile funnel base. 4. Assemble the funnel by attaching it to the base. 5. Shake the sample vigorously 25 times in a 1 foot arc within 60 seconds to evenly distribute the bacteria. 6. Add the appropriate amount of the sample to the funnel a. The typical sample volume to be filtered is 100 ml. b. For some samples 100 ml may not pass through and a dilution might be necessary. For a diluted sample, 25 ml of PCR grade H2O should be added to the funnel first (enough to fill the smaller end of the funnel where it attaches to the funnel base). The desired amount of sample may then be pipetted and the total volume brought up to 100ml using PCR grade H2O. For example, for a 1:10 dilution; i. Fill funnel near base with 25 ml PCR grade H 2 O ii. Pipette in 10 ml of water sample iii. Fill funnel to 100 ml with PCR grade H 2 O 7. Turn the vacuum pump ON and apply a vacuum until the entire water sample has passed through the filter and funnel base. Rinse the sides of funnel with sterile PCR gradeh2o as it filters, passing an additional 20 30 ml through the filter. 8. Turn the vacuum pump OFF. 9. Remove the funnel. 10. Flame sterilize forceps. 11. Using flame sterilized forceps fold the filter while leaving it on the base so that the sample side faces inward. When folding, try to only touch the edges of the filter. Place the folded filter open side down into a sterilized DNA extraction tube, containing 0.3 g of acid washed glass beads. 12. The filters now can be extracted for DNA or stored at -20/ 80 C. Page 2 of 5
DNA Crude Extraction 1. Using a 1000 μl micropipettor, dispense 590 μl of the Salmon DNA/extraction buffer to each labeled extraction tube with glass beads containing water sample or method blank. Extract the method blank last. 2. Tightly close the tubes, making sure that the O-ring is seated properly. 3. Place the tubes in the mini bead beater and shake for 60 seconds at the maximum rate (5000 rpm). 4. Remove the tubes from the mini bead beater and centrifuge at 12,000 g for 1 minute to pellet the glass beads and debris. Note: To further prevent contamination, a new pair of gloves may be used. 5. Using the 200 μl micropipettor, transfer 400 μl of the supernatant to corresponding labeled sterile 1.7-mL microcentrifuge tube, taking care not to pick up glass beads or sample debris (pellet). Note: The filter will normally remain intact during the bead beating and centrifugation process. Generally, 400 μl of supernatant can easily be collected. Collect an absolute minimum of 100 FL of supernatant. Recover the method blank supernatant last. 6. Centrifuge crude supernatant for 5 minutes at 12,000 g. Transfer 350 μl of the clarified supernatant to another 1.7-mL tube, taking care not to disturb pellet. Note: pellet may not be visible in water samples. Recover the method blank supernatant last. 7. Label the tubes as undiluted or 1x water sample extracts with sample identification. These are the water sample filter extracts. Also label tubes for method blanks. Label additional 1.7-mL tubes for 5 and 25 fold dilutions. In appropriately labeled tubes, using a micropipettor, add a 50 FL aliquot of each 1x water sample extract and dilute each with 200 μl AE buffer to make 5 fold dilutions. In appropriately labeled tubes using a micropipettor, add a 50 FL aliquot of each 5 fold dilution and dilute each with 200 μl of AE buffer to make 25 fold dilutions. Dilute the method blank supernatant last. 8. Store all diluted and undiluted extracts in refrigerator. Note: Use of 5 fold diluted samples for analysis is currently recommended if only one dilution can be analyzed. Analyses of undiluted water sample extracts have been observed to cause a significantly higher incidence of PCR inhibition while analyses of 25 fold dilutions may unnecessarily sacrifice sensitivity. 9. If the extracts are not analyzed immediately, refrigerate. For long term storage, freeze at - 20 C or -80 C. Page 3 of 5
Supermix Preparation 1. Prepare working stocks of Enterococcus, and Salmon DNA (Sketa 22) primer/probe mixes by adding a. 10 μl of each Enterococcus or Salmon DNA (Sketa 22) primer stock b. 4 μl of respective probe stock to c. 676 μl of PCR grade water, and vortex. Pulse centrifuge to create a pellet. Use a micropipettor with aerosol barrier tips for all liquid transfers. Transfer aliquots of working stocks for single day use to separate tubes and store at 4 C. 2. Using a micropipettor, prepare assay mix of the Enterococcus, and Salmon DNA (Sketa 22) reactions in separate, sterile, labeled 1.7-mL microcentrifuge tubes. a. Add 1.5 μl sterile PCR grade H 2 O b. 2.5 μl BSA, c. 12.5 μl TaqMan master mix d. 3.5 μl primer/probe working stock solution. Prepare sufficient quantity of assay mix for the number of samples to be analyzed per day including calibrators and negative controls plus at least two extra samples. Prepare assay mixes each day before handling DNA samples. 3. Vortex the assay mix working stocks; then pulse microcentrifuge to coalesce droplets. Return the primer/probe working stocks and other reagents to the refrigerator. 4. Transfer 20 μl of mastermix containing Enterococcus primers and probe to wells of a 96-well PCR reaction tray equal to number of samples to be analyzed including calibrator and negative control samples. (Note: The same tip can be used for pipetting multiple aliquots of the same assay mix as long as it doesn t make contact with anything else). Example: For the analysis of 18 recreational water samples, 51 wells will require the addition of assay mix with Enterococcus primers and probe as follows: 18 samples, two replicates each (36), 3 method blanks, two replicates each (6), 3 no template controls, one replicate each (3), and 3 calibrators, 2 replicates each (6) = 51 wells. 5. When all wells are loaded, cover tray with parafilm and transfer to refrigerator or directly to the PCR preparation station used for handling DNA samples. Page 4 of 5
Supermix Preparation (continued) 6. Transfer 5 μl each of the diluted (or undiluted) DNA extracts of method blanks and water samples, and then corresponding dilutions of calibrator samples, to separate wells of the PCR reaction tray containing Enterococcus assay mix. Note: Record positions of each sample. 7. Transfer 5 μl each of the diluted (or undiluted) DNA extracts of method blanks and water samples, and corresponding diluted calibrator samples to separate wells of the PCR reaction tray containing Salmon DNA assay mix. Record positions of each sample. 8. Transfer 5 μl aliquots of AE buffer to wells of PCR reaction tray containing Enterococcus master mix that are designated as no-template controls. Record positions of these samples. 9. Tightly cap wells of PCR reaction tray containing samples or cover tray and seal tightly with optical adhesive PCR reaction tray. 10. Run reactions in qpcr machine. Page 5 of 5