Name: Terms Genetics Quiz Review Word Bank 1. choosing plants or animals to cross in order to get desirable traits (2 words) 2. an allele that only shows up when no dominant allele is present 3. having two alleles that are the same 4. changing the DNA sequence to change a gene or move a desirable gene from one organism to another (2 words) 5. a characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring 6. a change in the DNA code that may or may not cause a change in a trait 7. long strands of DNA that are made of many genes 8. an allele that always shows up when present 9. sections of DNA that tend to move to new locations 10. curing genetic diseases by fixing defective genes in a patient (2 words) 11. the transfer of pollen that leads to fertilization in plants 12. a chart that shows the passing down of a trait across generations 13. a portion of a chromosome that controls a trait 14. the passing of traits from one generation to the next 15. a chart that helps determine the probability of a trait being inherited (2 words) Alleles Chromosome Dominant Fertilization Gene Gene therapy Genetic engineering Heredity Heterozygous Homozygous Mutation Pedigree Pollination Punnett square Recessive Selective breeding Trait Transposon 16. the uniting of an egg and sperm that combines their genes 17. different forms or versions of a gene 18. having two alleles that are different
Punnett Squares Round Watermelon vs. Long Watermelon o Watermelon with round fruit is dominant over watermelon with long, oval fruit. o Let F = round watermelon o Let f = long, oval watermelon o Cross a purebred round watermelon (FF) with a purebred long watermelon (ff). 1. What are the percentage odds of getting seeds that produce round watermelons? 2. What are the percentage odds of getting seeds that produce long watermelons? 3. If the seeds from this first cross are grown and the second generation is allowed to cross, is it possible to get a long watermelon? Curly hair vs. Straight Hair o Curly Hair is usually dominant over straight hair in humans. o Let H = curly hair o Let h = straight hair o Cross a mother and father who both have curly hair, but had one parent with straight hair. (Hint: they are both heterozygous.) 4. What are the percent odds of having a child with curly hair? 5. What are the percent odds of having a child with straight hair? 6. Would curly hair or straight hair be the trait that skips a generation? Long and Short Eyelashes o Long eyelashes are dominant over short eyelashes. o Assign a letter for the dominant and recessive alleles of this trait. o Cross a mother who is Heterozygous with a father that is Homozygous recessive for this trait. 7. What are the percent odds that a child will be born with short eyelashes? Dimples vs. No dimples o Dimpled cheeks are dominant over cheeks without dimples. o Assign a letter for the dominant and recessive alleles of this trait. o Cross a father who is Heterozygous with a mother that is Homozygous dominant for this trait. 8. What are the percent odds of getting a child that is Heterozygous for dimpled cheeks? 9. What are the percent odds of getting a child that is Homozygous dominant? 10. What are the percent odds of getting a child that is Homozygous recessive? 11. Would a child that is Homozygous recessive have dimples or not? Sun Sneezer vs. Non-Sun Sneezer o Although it is estimated to affect only 30% of the population, the tendency to sneeze when exposed to bright light is a dominant trait. o Assign a capital letter for Sun Sneezers and the same letter, but lower case for Non-sun sneezers. o Cross a dad that is a Sun Sneezer from a long line of sun sneezers (homozygous dominant) with a mom that is a non-sun sneezer (homozygous recessive). 12. What are the percent odds of having a child that is a sun-sneezer? 13. What are the percent odds of having a child that is a non-sneezer?
Sickle Cell Disease o (you can read about sickle cell disease in your textbook on page B110-B111) o Let R = normal round red blood cells o Let R 0 = sickle-shaped red blood cells o Cross two parents that are both heterozygous for sickle cell disease (RR 0 ). 14. What are the percent odds of getting a child that has sickle cell disease (R 0 R 0 )? 15. What are the percent odds of getting a child that is also a carrier of sickle cell disease (RR 0 )? Blood Type o (you can read about ABO blood type on page B111 of your textbook) o Cross a person with type O blood (ii) with a person that has type AB blood (I A I B ). 16. What are the percent odds of getting a child with each of the following blood types: Type O (ii) Type A (I A I A or I A i) Type B (I B I B or I B i) Type AB (I A I B ) 17. Using the chart on page B111 of your textbook, can a person with type AB blood donate to a person with type O blood? 18. What type(s) of blood can a person who is Type O receive? Wet Ear Wax vs. Dry Ear Wax o Although it is nearly absent in Asian populations, wet, sticky ear wax is dominant over dry, flaky ear wax. o Let E = wet ear wax o Let e = dry ear wax o Some American servicemen who fought in Vietnam fathered children with Vietnamese women during the war. Cross a father with wet ear wax (assume he is EE) with a woman that had dry ear wax (ee). 19. What are the percent odds that the baby will have wet ear wax? o Wet ear wax is associated with a specific type of body odor and, more seriously, seems to be linked to an increased risk for a specific type of breast cancer. This type of breast cancer was not known in native Vietnamese before the war, but has been on the rise in generations born after the Vietnam War. Scientists are working on a screening test that looks at the ear wax and body odor of women as an indicator of their chances of developing this type of cancer. 20. Could a Vietnamese boy with an American father pass on the allele for wet ear wax (and perhaps breast cancer) to his daughters?
Pedigree Charts Use the pedigree to answer the following questions or fill in blanks in the following statements for #1-6 1. Is person A a male or a female? 2. Person B would be a of person M. 3. Person E would be an to person L. 4. Persons F and G would be to each other. 5. Who are the parents of person H? 6. Sketch in a baby brother for persons L and M 7. Draw a small pedigree chart for a couple that have 5 children, 3 boys and 2 girls. Other Questions 1. Which of the following would NOT be a genetic trait? Hair color, eye color, skin color, favorite color Explain why? 2. What macromolecule makes up the chromosomes and holds the code for how to make all the parts of a living organism? 3. Are humans the only organism with chromosomes? 4. If a person s parents have a trait, does that person ALWAYS inherit the same trait? 5. Are all patterns of inheritance simple or Mendelian? Give an example of a different pattern. 6. How could you tell from a person s chromosomes whether they are a male or a female? 7. What are Pedigree charts used for? 8. If a Punnett Square shows a 1 in 4 (25%) chance of inheriting a disease, does that mean the 4 th child in the family will always get the disease? Why or why not?
Answers to Terms 1.Selective breeding 2.Recessive 3.Homozygous 4.genetic engineering 5.Trait 6.Mutation 7.Chromosome 8.Dominant 9.transposon 10.gene therapy 11.pollination 12.pedigree 13.gene 14.heredity 15.Punnett square 16.fertilization 17.alleles 18.heterozygous Answers to Punnett Square questions: 1. 100% 2. 0% 3. Yes 4. 75% 5. 25% 6. Straight hair 7. 50% 8. 50% 9. 50% 10. 0% 11. Not 12. 100% 13. 0% 14. 25% 15. 50% 16. Type O 0%, Type A 50%, Type B 50%, Type AB 0% 17. No 18. Only Type O 19. 100% 20. Yes Answers to Pedigree Questions 1. male 2. Grandmother 3. Uncle 4. Brothers 5. A and B 6. (you should make a small square in line with L and M and connect it to the line above L and M) 7. (see example ) Answers to Other Questions 1. Favorite color is not a genetic trait because it is inherited on a chromosome from your parents. 2. DNA 3. No, all living things have chromosomes. 4. No, some traits are recessive and seem to skip a generation. 5. No, some patterns of inheritance are more complex, like incomplete dominance, codominance, sex-linked patterns, or even multiple allele patterns. 6. Males have an X and a Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes. 7. Pedigree charts are used to trace the occurrence of a trait across generations. They can be used to track genetic disease through families. 8. No, the fourth child will not always get the disease. There is a 25% chance (1 in 4 odds) for each child born, independent of the birth order.