LM2889 TV Video Modulator General Description The LM2889 is designed to interface audio and video signals to the antenna terminals of a TV receiver It consists of a sound subcarrier oscillator and FM modulator video clamp and RF oscillators and modulators for two low-vhf channels The LM2889 allows video information from VTRs video disk systems games test equipment or similar sources to be displayed on black and white or color TV receivers Features Block and Connection Diagrams (Dual-In-Line Package) December 1994 Y Pin for pin compatible with LM1889 RF section Y Low distortion FM sound modulator (less than 1% THD) Y Video clamp for AC-coupled video Y Low sound oscillator harmonic levels Y 10V to 16V supply operation Y DC channel switching Y Excellent oscillator stability Y Low intermodulation products LM2889 TV Video Modulator Order Number LM2889N See NS Package Number N14A DC Test Circuit TL H 5079 1 C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation TL H 5079 RRD-B30M115 Printed in U S A
Absolute Maximum Ratings If Military Aerospace specified devices are required please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office Distributors for availability and specifications Supply Voltage Power Dissipation Package (Note 1) Operating Temperature Range 18V DC 700 mw 0 Ctoa70 C Storage Temperature Range b55 Ctoa150 C (V14 V13) Max g5v DC (V12 V8) Max 7V DC (V12 V9) Max 7V DC Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 seconds) 260 C DC Electrical Characteristics (DC test circuit all switches normally pos 1 V S e12v V A e2v V B ev C e10v) Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Supply Current I S 10 16 25 ma Sound Oscillator Current DI 13 Change V A from b2v to a2v 0 2 0 35 0 6 ma Sound Oscillator Zener Current I 13 0 85 ma Sound Modulator Audio Current DI 13 Change SW2 from Pos 1 to Pos 2 0 9 ma Video Clamp Voltage V2 Unloaded 5 0 5 25 5 5 V DC Loaded SW3 Pos 3 5 1 V DC Video Clamp Capacitor Discharge SW3 Pos 2 Current (V S V2) 105 20 ma Ch A Oscillator OFF Voltage V6 V7 SW1 Pos 2 2 mv DC Ch A Oscillator Current Level I 7 V B e10v V C e11v 2 5 3 5 5 0 ma Ch B Oscillator OFF Voltage V4 V5 2 mv DC Ch B Oscillator Current Level I 4 SW1 Pos 2 V B e10v V C e11v 2 5 3 5 5 0 ma Ch A Modulator Conversion Ratio Measure DV9 by Changing from DV9 (V11-V10) V B e10v V C e11v to V B e11v 0 3 0 50 0 75 V V V C e10v Divide by V11 V10 Ch B Modulator Conversion Ratio SW1 Pos 2 Measure DV8 by DV8 (V11 V10) Changing from V B e10v V C e11v to V B e11v V C e10v Divide by V11 V10 0 3 0 50 0 75 V V AC Electrical Characteristics (AC test circuit V S e12v) Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Sound Carrier Oscillator Level V Vp p Sound Modulator Deviation Df DV IN SW Pos Change V IN from V to V Measure Df at Pin Divide as Shown Hz mv Ch RF Oscillator Level n n Ch Sw Pos fe MHz Use FET Probe mvp p Ch RF Oscillator Level n n Ch Sw Pos fe MHz Use FET Probe mvp p RF Modulator Conversion Gain n OUT V V Ch Sw Pos fe MHz Note mvrms V Note 1 For operation in ambient temperatures above 25 C the device must be derated based on a 150 C maximum junction temperature and a thermal resistance of 80 C W junction to ambient Note 2 Conversion gain shown is measured with 75X input RF meter which makes the AC RF output load 37 5X 2
Design Characteristics (AC test circuit V S e12v) Parameter Typ Units Sound Modulator Audio THD at g25 khz Deviation V IN must be 1 khz Source 0 8 % Demodulate as Shown in Figure 1 Sound Modulator Input Impedance (Pin 1) 1 5 kx Sound Modulator Bandwidth 100 khz Oscillator Supply Dependence Sound Carrier RF See Curves Oscillator Temperature Dependence (IC Only) Sound Carrier b15 ppm C RF b50 ppm C RF Oscillator Maximum Operating Frequency (Temperature Stability Degraded) 100 MHz RF Modulator Carrier Suppression (Adjust Video Bias for Minimum RF Carrier at n OUT 30 db and Reference to n OUT with 3V Offset at Pins 10 and 11 See Applications Information RF Modulation Section) 3 58 MHz Differential Gain 5 % Differential Phase 3 degrees 2 5V Vp-p Video 87 5% Mod Output Harmonics below RF Carrier 2nd 3rd b12 db 4th and Above b20 db Input Impedance Pin 10 Pin 11 1 MX 2 pf AC Test Circuit TL H 5079 2 3
Test Circuit FIGURE 1 4 5 MHz Sound FM Demodulator TL H 5079 3 Typical Performance Characteristics (Refer to AC test circuit unless noted) Sound Carrier Oscillator Supply Dependence (f O e4 5 MHz Pin 1 Open) RF Oscillator Frequency Supply Dependence (f O e67 25 MHz) RF Modulator Common- Mode Input Range Pins 10 11 (Circuit Diagrams) FM Sound Modulator Dynamic Characteristics (f MOD e1 khz) TL H 5079 4 4
Circuit Description (Refer to Circuit Diagrams) The sound carrier oscillator is formed by differential amplifier Q3 Q4 operated with positive feedback from the pin 13 tank to the base of Q4 Frequency modulation is obtained by varying the 90 degree phase shifted current of Q9 Q14 s emitter is a virtual ground so the voltage at pin 1 determines the current R11 which ultimately modulates the collector current of Q9 The video clamp is comprised of devices Q58-Q60 The clamp voltage is set by resistors R40 R41 R49 and R50 The DV BE R42 current sets the capacitor discharge current Q59 and the above mentioned resistor string help maintain a temperature stable clamp voltage The channel B oscillator consists of devices Q24 and Q25 cross-coupled through level-shift zener diodes Q22 and Q23 A current regulator consisting of devices Q17 Q21 is used to achieve good RF stability over temperature and supply The channel B modulator consists of multiplier devices Q28 Q31 Q34 and Q35 The top quad is coupled to the channel B tank through isolating devices Q26 and Q27 A DC potential between pins 10 and 11 offsets the lower pair to produce an output RF carrier at pin 8 That carrier is then modulated by both the sound subcarrier at pin 10 and the composite video signal at pin 11 The channel A modulator shares pin 10 and 11 buffers Q32 and Q33 with channel B and operates in an identical manner The current flowing through channel B oscillator diodes Q22 Q23 is turned around in Q36 Q38 to source current for the channel B RF modulator In the same manner the channel A oscillator Q54 Q57 uses turn-around Q49 Q51 to source the channel A modulator One oscillator at a time may be activated by its current turn-around and the other oscillator modulator combination remains off Circuit Diagrams TL H 5079 5 5
Circuit Diagrams (Continued) TL H 5079 6 6
Applications Information SOUND FM MODULATOR Frequency deviation is determined by the Q of the tank circuit at pin 13 and the current entering the audio input pin 1 This current is set by the input voltage V IN the device input impedance (1 5 kx) and any impedance network connected externally A signal of 60 mvrms at pin 1 will yield about g25 khz deviation when configured as shown in Figure 2 VIDEO CLAMP When video is not available at DC levels within the RF modulator common-mode range or if the DC level of the video is not temperature stable then it should be AC-coupled as shown in the typical applications circuit (Figure 2) The clamp holds the horizontal sync pulses at 5 2V for V S e12v The clamp coupling capacitor is charged during every sync pulse and discharged when video information is present The discharge current is approximately 20 ma This current and the amount of acceptable tilt over a line of video determines the value of the coupling capacitor C1 For most applications 1 mf is sufficient Typical Application RF MODULATION Two RF channels are available with carrier frequencies up to 100 MHz being determined by L-C tank circuits at pins 4 5 and 6 7 The signal inputs (pins 10 and 11) are common to both modulators but removing the power supply from an RF oscillator will also disable that modulator The offset between the two signal pins determines the level of the RF carrier output To preserve the DC content of the video signal amplitude modulation of the RF carrier is done in one direction only with increasing video (toward peak white) decreasing the carrier level This means the active composite video signal at pin 11 must be offset with respect to pin 10 and the sync pulse should produce the largest offset The largest video signal (peak white) should not be able to suppress the carrier completely particularly if sound transmission is needed This requires that pin 10 be biased above the largest expected video signal Because peak white level is often difficult to define a good rule to follow is to bias pin 10 at a level which is four times the sync amplitude above the sync tip level at pin 11 For example the DC bias at pin 10 with 0 5V sync clamped to 5 2V on pin 11 should be 5 2a(4c0 5)e7 2V FIGURE 2 Two Channel Video Modulator with FM Sound TL H 5079 7 7
Applications Information (Continued) When the signal inputs are exactly balanced ideally there is no RF carrier at the output Circuit board layout is critical to this measurement For optimum performance the output and supply decoupling circuitry should be configured as shown in Figure 3 TL H 5079 8 RF decouple supply directly to output ground FIGURE 3 Correct RF Supply Decoupling The video clamp level is derived from a resistive divider connected to supply (V S ) To maintain good supply rejection pin 10 which is biased externally should also be referenced to supply (see Figure 2) Pin Description (Refer to Figure 2) Pin 1 Audio Input Pin 1 is the audio input to the sound FM generator Frequency deviation is proportional to the signal at this pin A pre-emphasis network comprised of R1 C2 and the device input impedance yields the following response with an 80 mvrms audio input Pre-Emphasis Network Response TL H 5079 9 Increasing R1 lowers the boost frequency and decreases deviation below the boost frequency Increasing C2 only lowers the boost frequency C1 is a coupling capacitor and must be a low impedance compared to the sum of R1 and the device input impedance (1 5 kx) Pin 2 Video Clamp The video clamp restores the DC component to AC-coupled video The video is AC-coupled to the clamp via C3 Decreasing C3 will cause a larger tilt between vertical sync pulses in the clamped video waveform Pin 3 Ground Although separate on the chip level all ground terminate at pin 3 Pins 4 5 Channel 4 Oscillator Pins 4 and 5 are the collector outputs of the channel 4 oscillator L1 and C5 set the oscillator frequency defined by f O e0 159 SL1C5 Increasing L1 will decrease the oscillator frequency while decreasing L1 will increase the oscillator frequency Decreasing C5 will increase the oscillator frequency and lower the tank Q causing possible drift problems R2 and R3 are the oscillator loads which determine the oscillator amplitude and the tank Q Increasing these resistors increases the Q and the oscillator amplitude possibly overdriving the RF modulator which will increase output RF harmonics Decreasing R2 and R3 reduces the tank Q and may cause increased drift C4 is an RF decoupling capacitor Increasing C4 may result in less effective decoupling at RF Decreasing C4 may introduce RF to supply coupling Pins 6 7 Channel 3 Oscillator Pins 6 and 7 are the channel 3 oscillator outputs Every component at these pins has the same purpose and effect as those at pins 4 and 5 Pin 8 Channel 4 RF Output Pin 8 is the channel 4 RF output and R13 is the load resistor The RF signal is AC coupled via C15 to the output filter which is a two channel VSB filter L5 is parallel resonant with the filter input capacitance minimizing loss in the output network R14 terminated the filter output Pin 9 Channel 3 RF Output Pin 9 is the channel 3 RF output with all components performing the same functions as those in the pin 8 description Pin 10 RF Modulator Sound Subcarrier Input Pin 10 is one of the RF modulator inputs and may be used for video or sound It is used as a sound subcarrier input in Figure 2 R8 R9 and R10 set the DC bias on this pin which determines the modulation depth of the RF output (see Application Notes) R12 and C11 AC-couple the sound subcarrier from the sound modulator to the RF modulator R12 and R11 form a resistive divider that determines the level of sound at pin 10 which in turn sets the picture carrier to sound subcarrier ratio Increasing the ratio of R11 R12 will increase the sound subcarrier at the output C10 forms an AC ground preventing R8 R9 and R10 from having any effects on the circuit other than setting the DC potential at pin 10 R11 and R12 also effect the FM sound modulator (see pin 13 description) 8
Pin Description (Continued) Pin 11 Video Input Pin 11 when configured as shown is the RF modulator video input In this application video is coupled directly from the video clamp Alternatively video could be DC-coupled directly to pin 11 if it is already within the DC common-mode input range of the RF modulator (see curves) In any case the video sync tip at pin 11 must have a constant DC level independent of video content Because of circuit symmetry pins 10 and 11 may be interchanged Pin 12 RF Supply Pin 12 is the RF supply with C12 and C7 serving as RF decouple capacitors Increasing C12 or C7 may result in less effective RF decoupling while decreasing them may cause supply interaction It is important that C7 be grounded at the RF output ground Pin 13 Sound Tank Pin 13 is the collector output of the sound oscillator L3 and C13 determine the oscillating frequency by the relationship f O e0 159 SL3C13 Increasing L3 or C13 will lower the operating frequency while decreasing them will raise the frequency L3 and C13 also help define the Q of the tank on which FM modulator deviation level depends As C13 increases Q increases and frequency deviation decreases Likewise decreasing C13 increases deviation The other factor concerning Q is the external resistance across the tank The series combination R11aR12 usually dominates the tank Q Decreasing this resistive network will decrease Q and increase deviation It should be noted that because the level of phase modulation of the 4 5 MHz signal remains constant variation in Q will not effect distortion of the frequency modulation process if the audio at pin 1 is left constant The amplitude of the sound subcarrier is directly proportional to Q so increasing the unloaded Q or either of the resistors mentioned above will increase the sound subcarrier amplitude For proper operation of the frequency modulator the sound subcarrier amplitude should be greater than 2 Vp-p Pin 14 Sound Supply Pin 14 is the sound supply and C14 is an RF decouple capacitor Decreasing C14 may result in increased supply interaction Printed Circuit Layout Printed circuit board layout is critical in preventing RF feedthrough The location of RF bypass capacitors on supply is very important Figure 4 shows an example of a properly layed out circuit board It is recommended that this layout be used TL H 5079 10 FIGURE 4 Printed Circuit Board and Component Diagram (Component Side 1X) 9
LM2889 TV Video Modulator Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N) Order Number LM2889N NS Package Number N14A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION As used herein 1 Life support devices or systems are devices or 2 A critical component is any component of a life systems which (a) are intended for surgical implant support device or system whose failure to perform can into the body or (b) support or sustain life and whose be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life failure to perform when properly used in accordance support device or system or to affect its safety or with instructions for use provided in the labeling can effectiveness be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user National Semiconductor National Semiconductor National Semiconductor National Semiconductor Corporation Europe Hong Kong Ltd Japan Ltd 1111 West Bardin Road Fax (a49) 0-180-530 85 86 13th Floor Straight Block Tel 81-043-299-2309 Arlington TX 76017 Email cnjwge tevm2 nsc com Ocean Centre 5 Canton Rd Fax 81-043-299-2408 Tel 1(800) 272-9959 Deutsch Tel (a49) 0-180-530 85 85 Tsimshatsui Kowloon Fax 1(800) 737-7018 English Tel (a49) 0-180-532 78 32 Hong Kong Fran ais Tel (a49) 0-180-532 93 58 Tel (852) 2737-1600 Italiano Tel (a49) 0-180-534 16 80 Fax (852) 2736-9960 National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications