Biomass and Waste to Energy

Biomass and Waste to Energy

AMEC and Power & Process Americas at a Glance AMEC PLC (UK) 2009 Revenues US$ 3.9 Billion Employees 21,000 Countries 40 Power & Process Americas (US) Forest Industry Power Renewable Energy Environmental Process Food; Manufacturing; Pharmaceutical

Summary AMEC Power & Process Americas AMEC Provides Industry: 1. Full service design & engineering services 2. Construction project execution 3. Construction and project management 4. Seamless EPC project delivery Plant Hammond SCR

Biomass and Waste to Energy Opportunities and Issues

U.S. Biomass Resource

Biomass to Energy Options Pros and Cons Pros Reduction of Green House Gases May reduce other emissions Mature technologies available Premium rates/renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) Renewable Energy Credits Tipping fees/waste disposals Cons Biomass has low energy density High moisture Long Term Fuel Supply

Regulatory Expedited permitting for Biomass in some states Electricity from Biomass can be exempt from CAIR (Clean Air Interstate Rule) and CAMR (Clean Air Mercury Rule) Biomass is Carbon Neutral if replacing fossil fuels will yield Carbon Credits. Lower emissions SO2, Mercury, Heavy Metals As generator, exempt from Industrial Boiler MACT

Incentives PTC (Production Tax Credit) extended through 2013 ITC (Investment Tax Credit) extended through 2013 for selected biomass projects instead of PTC Grants up to 30% of TIC can be taken in lieu of the ITCs and are payable 60 days after commercial operation by US Treasury Accelerated (Bonus) depreciation (equipment installed in 2009) Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI) DOE has $800 million for project support and R&D States have additional incentives including grants and tax credits Several Loan Guarantee programs exist (Clean Renewable Energy Bonds, Renewable Energy Loan Program)

Mandates Federal legislation not in effect, but various bills are being considered. Obama Plan is for 10% of electricity from renewable by 2012 and 25% by 2025. Several bills in Congress. States 29 have RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standards) plus 4 have voluntary standards. Other states are currently considering legislation. California 33% of electricity from renewable by 2020. Illinois, Minnesota, Oregon 25% of electricity from renewable by 2025.

Biomass to Energy Options Co-firing Feed through existing pulverizers Typically up to 10% biomass Minimal capital investment Minor material handling modifications Hogged biomass Can be reduction in NO x and SO 2 Mature technology De-rating of plant output and heat rate Shortens SCR catalyst life

Biomass to Energy Options Boiler Conversion Stoker Modify existing unit with Stoker Hydrograte Vibrating grate Can be easily done on PC unit up to 50 MW Mature technology Can still keep PC firing capability Advantage of high percentage of co-firing Offers advantage of some alternative fuels such as TDF Material Handling modifications Material handling modifications including feed system Hogged biomass Can be reduction in NO x and SO 2 De-rating of plant output and heat rate Shortens catalyst life Potential boiler fouling issues

Biomass to Energy Options Boiler Conversion BFB Modify existing unit with BFB Can be easily done on PC unit up to 50 MW Mature technology Cannot fire PC Some fuel flexibility low moisture fuels Material Handling modifications Material handling modifications including feed system Hogged biomass Reduction in NO x and SO 2 De-rating of plant output and heat rate SCR not appropriate SNCR is typical

Biomass to Energy Options Re-powering: New Boiler Reuse turbine generator and auxiliaries Match steam cycle Flexibility in boiler type Stoker/BFB/CFB Stoker up to 50+ MW BFB 50 to 100 MW CFB 100 to 250 MW Reheat Fuel Flexibility Pet Coke

Biomass to Energy Options Fuel Conversion of Coal Plants Pelletized wood and coal Conversions of 500 MW plants Long term fuel supply Fuel is very volatile Fires Problems with SCR s and fouling Low Capital Cost Minimizes de-rate Also reduces NO x and SO 2

Biomass to Energy Options Gasification Gasify biomass and feed syngas to boiler Least impact to existing boiler and steam cycle Reduction in NOx Less mature technology Can be trial for future Biomass IGCC/Biorefinery Qualify for Grants and Loan Guarantees

Veolia ES, Pinellas, FL 3000 t/d Waste-to-Energy Facility Modification Refurbishment of 3000 t/d waste-toenergy facility Unit rebuild Ground fault study, discretionary project 3, punch list, coordination study 60 MW generator repair Detailed design Boilers No. 1 and No.2. Veolia ES Pinellas County Facility

Veolia ES, York County 600 t/d Waste-to-Energy Expansion New Boiler/Grate (Horizontal Unit), APC, 25 MW T/G, Deaerator, Cooling Tower, Demineralizer, Condenser, Step-up Transformer, MCC s, new chemical feed system, and DCS. Expansion of existing plant includes: tipping floor, refuse crane, stack modification w/new flue, boiler feed water pumps, ash handling system and all misc. pumps and equipment associated with the new plant requirements. State-of-the-Art APC includes a semi-dry absorber, lime slaker/storage, activated carbon storage/injection system, a baghouse, SNCR and heat recovery. Veolia ES Waste-to-Energy YCSWA Facility

Gasification Technology 29

Applications Gas for process Steam production Power generation Reciprocating engine Gas turbine IGCC Hydrogen Synthetic fuels

Types of Gasifiers Fixed bed Fluid bed Entrained flow

FERCO SilvaGas Process

TRI at Norampac

Integration Feedstock Preparation Storage/handling Chiping/screening Feed Gasification system design Syngas Conditioning Scrubbing Cracking Heat Recovery/Compression

Forsyth, GA Gasification Plant