2012 10 (1): 50~57 Studies of Psychology and Behavior * 12 12 3 4 4 (1 430079) (2 430079) (3 100875) (4 300074) : ; B842.5 1 (Boatner 1980; Norwood 1988) (subtitle) (O Bryan ( : ) 1975) ( : http://en. : wikipedia.org/wiki/subtitle_ (captioning) 2010-6) ; 1947 Romero Romero (Jensema Sharkawy Danturthi Burch & Hsu 2000) 84% 14% ( Jensema Danturthi & Burch 2000) 1949 Rank Jensema 1958 : : 2010-9-25 * (30870778) (10YJCXLX044) : : Email: zhouzk@mail.ccnu.edu.cn 50
1 51 (Carroll Young & Guertin 1992) (Hegarty & Just 1993) 3 (Hannus & Hyona 1999) 2 ( Rayner Rotello Stewart Keir & Duffy 2.1 2001) 29 4 25 22.2 (SD=2.2) 7 8 7 7 ( preference or ( ) obligatory nature) (d Ydewalle & 2.2 Gielen 1992; d Ydewalle Praet Verfaillie & Rensbergen 1991; d Ydewalle & De Bruycker 2007; d PTU Ydewalle Van Rensbergen & Pollet 1987) d Ydewalle (1991) 1 32 AVI 800 600 20 / MPEG Layer-3 45 14 PTU De Bruycker d Ydewalle (2003) 3 : ; ( : Qd4*h+@Wam) 20 ; 14.3 (SD= 3.5) 28.6 (SD=7.9) 25.9 (SD=7.9) 2 F (257) =0.94 p>0.05 6 (De Bruycker & d'ydewalle 2003)
52 10 3.48 (SD=0.85) 4 ( ) 2.3 EyeLink1000 (SR Research Canada) 250Hz 800 600 HSD ) (M=229) ( ) 28.7 15.3 (M=221) (M=146) ( 19 75cm) ( & 1996) (M=288ms) (M=314ms) (M=528ms) (p s <0.05); (F (325) =5.44 p<0.01 η 2 =0.40) (M=227) (M=217) (M= 145) (p s <0.05); 3 800 342 273360 ; 800 87 ( d Ydewalle & De Bruycker 2007; De Bruycker & d Ydewalle 2003) 4 ( : 7 8 ) 2 ( : 1 17 3.1 : ( F ( 325) =5.43 p<0.01 η 2 =0.40) (partial η 2 ) (Tukey (p s <0.05); (F (325) =3.80 p<0.05 η 2 =0.31) (F (325) =1.68 p>0.05) 3.2 69600 ) 1 1 (s) (ms) M SD M SD M SD M SD 111.3 31.71 36.79 5.98 340.51 48.80 27.1 6.94 116.0 31.02 28.26 7.22 245.98 40.07 27.0 6.58 161.6 48.15 51.75 9.59 353.19 150.41 16.9 11.87 45.0 30.04 10.08 7.62 215.99 48.34 13.3 7.83 156.4 37.05 62.56 5.19 419.11 107.89 7.7 4.92 12.6 12.19 3.18 3.04 216.66 114.26 6.4 4.93 145.4 52.42 65.86 6.22 530.08 257.73 1.6 1.13 0.4 0.79 0.06 0.12 41.14 70.87 0.4 0.79 (F (325) =5.56 p<0.01 η 2 =0.40) (F (325) =11.51 p<0.001 η 2 =0.58) (p s <0.05) ( F ( 125) = 35.24 p < (F (125) =93.96 p<0.001 η 2 =0.79) 0.001) (F (125) =46.91 p<0.001)
1 53 (F (125) =47.66 p<0.001) 0.001); ; (F (325) =24.03 p<0.001) (F (325) =36.25 p<0.001) 69.97 p<0.001 η 2 =0.74) ; (F (325) =10.18 p<0.001 η 2 =0.55) : (F (325) = ( F ( 125) =6.85 p <0.05) ( F ( 125) = 33.83 p<0.001 η 2 =0.80) 13.04 p<0.01) (F (125) =76.07 p< (p s <0.05); 0.001) ; (p s <0.05) (F (325) = 1.69 p>0.05) (F (F (325) =11.48 p<0.001) (325) =27.41 p<0.001 η 2 =0.77) (F (125) = (F (325) =15.03 p<0.001 η 2 =0.64) 65.87 p<0.001); (F (125) =6.37 p<0.05) (F (125) =11.48 p<0.01) (p s <0.05); ; (F (125) =3.06 p>0.05); (F (325) =1.24 p>0.05) (F (325) =36.25 p<0.001) (F< 1 p>0.05) (F (125) = 416.11 p<0.001 η 2 =0.94) (F (325) = 34.52 p<0.001 η 2 =0.81) (F (125) =104.02 p<0.001) (F (125) =184.83 p<0.001) (F (125) =226.97 p<0.001) ; (F : (325) =24.03 p<0.001); (F (219) =25.67 p<0.001 η 2 =0.73) (F (M=1.45s) (M= (325) =36.00 p<0.001) 0.53s) (M=0.17s) (p s <0.05); (F (219) =29.45 p<0.001 η 2 = (F (325) =29.22 p<0.001 η 2 = 0.78) (M=2.28) (M=0.60) (p s < (p s <0.05) (F (125) =7.07 p<0.05 η 2 =0.22) 7.34 p<0.01 η 2 =0.44) (F (325) =37.33 (M=242ms) (M=128ms) (M= p<0.001 η 2 =0.82) 84ms) (p s <0.05); (F (125) =52.49 p<0.001); (F (125) =23.90 p<0.001) 0.74) (M= (F (125) =41.06 p<0.001) 50% ) (M=19% ) (M=7% ) ; (p s <0.05); (F (325) =36.00 p< (F<1 p>0.05) ; (F (125) = (p s <0.05) 3.3 1 0.76) (M=5.82) 0.05); (F (219) = (F (219) =27.40 p<0.001 η 2 = (F (219) =27.74 p<0.001 η 2 =
54 10 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 ( ) 1 ( ) : 20 0.1 4.8 9.2 13.6 16 19.4 22.6 25.7 29.6 32.3 38.2 43.7 48.3 51.8 55.9 59 62.2 65 68.6 71.7 0.75) (M=41%) (M=15%) (M=5%) (M=15%) (M=5%) (p s <0.05) 3.4 288ms 314ms : 4.0 5.0 (F (325) =3.24 p< 0.05 η 2 =0.28) (M= 260-330ms 4-5 (Rayner 1998 48%) (M=86%) (M=76%) (p s <0.05) 4.2 (F<1 p>0.05) : (r=-0.49 p<0.01) (r=-0.49 p<0.01) (r=-0.47 p<0.05) (r=0.52 p<0.01) 4 4.1 2009) ; (Jensema et al. 2000) De Bruycker d'yde- walle (2003)
1 55 ( Underwood Jebbett & Roberts 2004) (d Ydewalle & De Bruycker 2007; De Bruycker & d Ydewalle 2003) d Ydewalle De Bruycker (2007) ( : 41% ) 26% (Henderson 2007) 50% 41% ( ) 27% 19% 15% : 242ms 128ms 185ms 178ms 185ms (d Ydewalle d Ydewalle & De Bruycker 2007; De Bruycker & d Ydewalle (1991) 2003) 200-250ms (Rayner 1998 2009) (d Ydewalle ( Carroll et al. 1992; Hannus & Hyona 1999; Rayner et al. 2001; Underwood et al. 2004) (De Bruycker & d Ydewalle 2003) 1 ( 300 ) et al. 1991) 4.3 (Jensema et al. 2000)
56 10 15-19%; (Carroll et al. 1992; Hannus & Hyona 1999; Rayner et al. 2001) &. (1996). ().. Boatner E. B. ( 1980). Captioned Films for the Deaf. Retrieved 4.4 02-21 2010 from http://www.cfv.org/caai/nadh84.pdf Carroll P. J. Young J. R. & Guertin M. S. (1992). Visual analysis of cartoons: A view from the far side. In K. Rayner? ( Ed.) Eye movements and visual cognition: Scene perception and reading (pp. 444-461). New York: Springer-Verlag. d'ydewalle G. & Gielen I. (1992). Attention allocation with overlapping sound image and text. In K. Rayner ( Ed.) Eye : movements and visual cognition: Scene perception and reading (pp. 415-427). New York: Springer-Verlag. d'ydewalle G. Praet C. Verfaillie K. & Rensbergen J. V. ( 1991). Watching subtitled television: Automatic reading behavior. Communication Research 18 (5) 650-666. d Ydewalle G. & De Bruycker W. ( 2007). Eye movements of children and adults while reading television subtitles. European (cognitive-effectiveness hypothesis) d Ydewalle G. Van Rensbergen J. & Pollet J. (1987). Reading Psychologist 12 (3) 196-205. a message when the same message is available auditorily in another language: The case of subtitling. In J. K. O'Regan. & A. Levy-Schoen (Eds.) Eye movements: From physiology to cognition (pp. 313-321). Amsterdam: North-Holland. (Zhou 2004) De Bruycker W. & d'ydewalle G. ( 2003). Reading native and foreign language television subtitles in children and adults. In (Takeda 1999) J. Hy 觟 n 覿 R. Radach & H. Deubel ( Eds.) The mind's eye: Cognitive and applied aspects of eye movement research ( pp. 671-684) : North-Holland. Hannus M. & Hyona J. ( 1999). Utilization of illustrations during 5 : (1) children. Contemporary Educational Psychology 24 (2) 95-123. ; Hegarty M. & Just M. A. (1993). Constructing mental models of machines from text and diagrams. Journal of Memory and Language 32 717-742. (2) Henderson J. M. (2007). Regarding scenes. Current Directions in (3) Psychological Science 16 (4) 219-222. Jensema C. J. Danturthi R. S. & Burch R. (2000). Time spent ; viewing captions on television programs. American Annals of 41-50% the Deaf 145 (5) 464-468. : learning of science textbook passages among low-and high-ability
1 Jensema C. J. Sharkawy S. E. Danturthi R. S. Burch R. & Hsu D. (2000). Eye movement patterns of captioned television viewers. American Annals of the Deaf 145 (3) 275-285. Norwood M. J. ( 1988). Captioning for deaf people: An historical overview. Paper presented at the Speech to Text: Today and Tomorrow. Proceedings of a Conference at Gallaudet University Washington D.C. O' Bryan K. G. (1975). Eye Movements as an Index of Television Viewing Strategies. Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development Denver Colorado. Rayner K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin 124 372-422. Rayner K. (2009). Eye movements and attention in reading scene perception and visual search. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 62 (8) 1457-1506. 57 Rayner K. Rotello C. M. Stewart A. J. Keir J. & Duffy S. A. ( 2001). Integrating text and pictorial information: Eye movements when looking at print advertisements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 7 (3) 219-226. Takeda M. (1999). Eye movements while viewing a foreign movie with subtitles. In W. Becker H. Deubel & T. Mergner (Eds.) Current Oculomotor Research: Physiological and Psychological Aspects (pp. 313-316). New York: Kluwer Academic. Underwood G. Jebbett L. & Roberts K. (2004). Inspecting pictures for information to verify a sentence: Eye movements in general encoding and in focused search. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology 57A (1) 165-182. Zhou S. (2004). Effects of visual intensity and audiovisual redundancy in bad news. Media Psychology 6 (3) 237-256. Subtitle Preference While Viewing Native Language Movie: The Effect of Subtitle Familiarity Wang Fuxing 12 Zhou Zongkui 12 Zhao Xian 3 Bai Xuejun 4 Yan Guoli 4 (1 Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior Ministry of Education Wuhan 430079; 2 School of Psychology HuaZhong Normal University Wuhan 430079; 3 School of Psychology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875; 4 Academy of Psychology and Behavior Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300074) Abstract Movies are generally dubbed or subtitled in the local language recently. Subtitle preference or obligatory was found in studies of text and graphics integration and television viewing. From previous findings subtitle preference is more or less obligatory and unaffected by contextual factors such as sound of video familiarity of subtitle or visual image. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of subtitle familiarity on subtitle preference while viewing native language movies. A movie clip was constructed with three types of subtitle Chinese English random letters and blank as stimuli materials in this study. Twenty nine students were recruited from a normal university as participants. An eyelink 1000 was used as data collecting. An inventory of the movie clip content was tested after the viewing. Eye movements within areas of interest of subtitle and video and subtitle pieces were analyzed to exemine the effects of subtitle familiarity. The results revealed that movies with Chinese subtitles were fixated more and longer than those with random letters and blank subtitles. Participants fixated more on video area than subtitle area. For the subtitle processing durtion was declined from Chinese English random letters to blank. Memory test accuracy of Chinese subtitle was lower than random letters and blank. More generally although the movie was local language and easy to process and understand participants also prefered to pay much attention on subtitle. The subtitle preference was influenced by subtitle familiarity. The familiarity of subtitle was lower the fixation was much fewer. Key words subtitle preference eye movements movie viewing subtitle familiarity.