27 3 2004 5 Journal of PLA University of Foreign Languages Vol. 27 No. 3 May 2004 ( 215021) : : ; : ; ; ; : I712. 074 : A : 10022722X (2004) 0320072204 The Ecological Descriptions in the Early Colonial American Literature ZHU Xin2fu ( School of Foreign Languages Suzhou University Suzhou Jiangsu Prov. 215021 China) Abstract : The positive ecological descriptions in the early colonial American literature is usually regarded as a means to attract the European immigrants. Yet there exists behind these ecological descriptions of the nature and environment a far more significant purpose : they aim at an indirect expounding of the Puritanical ideology and a spreading of the Christian creeds and Christian mythology. At the same time these positive ecological descriptions pave the way for the establishment of the American national consciousness. Key words : colonial American literature ; ecological descriptions ; Puritanical ideology ; American national consciousness 18 (Miller 1956 : 210) 19 ( Ralph Waldo Emerson 1803 17-1882 ) ( Henry David Thoreau 1817-1862) ( Walt Whitman 1819-1892) ( Herman Melville 1819-1891) : (anthropocentric) (ecocentric) : ( 1986 : 66) : 2003-06 - 30 : (1963 - )
3 73 (John Smith 1580-1631) ( William Bradford 1590-1657) ( Arthur Barlowe 1550-1620) ( Daniel Denton 16261703) (Cressy 1987 : 127) ( Descri ption of New England 1616) ( Of Plymouth Plantation 1630-1650) ( : 26) : 17 ( : 26) ( The Fi rst V oyage M ade to the Coasts of A merica) : : (Barlowe 1989 : 72) ( 1997 : 76) ; 16 17 (Cronon 1983 : 73) (the geography of the mind) ( terra ( : 21) incognita) ( A B rief Descri ption of New York) : (terra cognita) (Denton 1670 : 56) ( Wood 1968 : 126) (
74 2004 : 81) ; ( : 86) (Duncan 1993 : 39) ( ) (Stock 1993 : 272) 16 1607 ( ) ( : 83) ; (Bercovitch 1976 : 33) : ; (Bercovitch 1976 : 38)
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