2011 3 1001-4918 2011 03-0247-254 B844. 1 A * 1 1 2 3 1 1 1. 210096 2. 276000 3. N6A3K7 203 6 1 2 1 Gartstein & Rothbart 2003 Rothbart 1981 Rothbart & Fergusson Lynskey & Horwood 1993 Kagan & Goldsmith 1985 Strelau & NetLibrary 1998 Fox Paterson & Sanson 1999 Rothbart & Bridges Palmer Goldsmith 1985 Rothbart & Hwang 2002 Whiffen Morales Hurtado & Tsai 1993 Kochanska Coy Tjebkes & Husarek 1998 Parade & Leerkes 2008 Rothbart 1986 Effect Bates & Pettit 2007 Rothbart & Crockenberg Leerkes & Bárrig Jó 2008 Gartstein & Marmion 2008 Leerkes & Crockenberg 2003 Gartstein & Rothbart 2003 Rothbart 1981 1986 Bar-Haim Kagan Sutton Fox & Marvin 2000 Matheny Jr Wilson & Thoben 1988 McBride Schoppe & Rane 2002 Kagan & Fox 2006 Rothbart Bates & Pettit 2007 Paterson & Sanson 1999 Rothbart & Goldsmith 1985 Rothbart & Hwang 2002 Webster-Stratton & Hammond 1988 Whiffen 1990b 2000 Kochanska et al. 1998 Strelau & NetLibrary * 704025.. E-mail zhlu@ seu. edu. cn 1990a Carryover Goldsmith 1985 Rothbart & Goldsmith 1985 multimethods Bar-Haim al. 247
2011 3 1998 Crockenberg Fox TAB-LAB Matheny 1985 Matheny Jr et al. 1988 Parade & Leerkes 2008 Rothbart 1981 1986 Rothbart Derryberry & Hershey 2000 Stifter Willoughby & Towe-Goodman 2008 2008 Kochanska 6 Kochanska Murray & Coy 1997 Rothbart 15 Rothbart 1986 Rothbart et al. 2000 Leekers Crockenberg Crockenberg Crockenberg Leerkes & et al. 2008 Crockenberg 2003 Stifter 7. 3 Seifer Sameroff Barrett & Krafchuk 1994 Rothbart 1981 Rothbart 1981 Parade & Leerkes 2008 Rothbart 1981 1986 Rothbart 1995 Development Model of Temperament Rothbart Derryberry Reactivity Self-regulation Rothbart 1981 1986 Rothbart Infant Behavior Questionnaire IBQ 3-12 Fergusson et al. 1993 Webster- Rothbart 1981 The Stratton & Hammond 1988 Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery TAB- LAB Goldsmith & Rothbart 1996 IBQ 2 Activity Level Smiling and Laughter Fear Distress to Limitations Duration of Orienting Soothability et al. 2002 Rothbart 1981 1986 LAB- / Crockenberg et al. 2008 Fox Henderson Rubin Calkins & Schmidt 2001 Crockenberg Crockenberg et al. 6 1 McBride McBride TAB 2009 248
2. 3 6 Free Play 10 Temperament Test TAB-LAB 20 3 15 5 2 2. 1 2006 06 2007 03 1. 06 1 203 105 98 1. 07 1 12006 2. 3. 2 06 2007 03 2 3 Rothbart 1981 1986 11 4 94 18 1 39 2 3 2 1. 0% 41 20. 2% 146 61. 9% 12 5. 9% 2 2% 6000 ~ 10000 2. 3. 3 90 SCL-90 2. 2 7 8 4 5 1984 90 10 likert 5 6 1 5 Infant Behavior 0. 86 Questionnaire IBQ 90 Symptom 2. 3. 4 Checklist 90 SCL-90 Abidin Parenting Stress Index-Short Form PSI-SF 2. 3. 1 Laboratory Observation likert 5 1 5 0. 64 0. 70 0. 61 120 36 Abidin 1990 249
2011 3 0. 90 2009 3 Duration Parenting Distress Dysfunctional Mother - child Relationship Child Difficulty likert 5 Noldus Observer XT 8. 0 5 4 3 2 1 15% 0. 85 0. 84 2. 4 IBQ 3. 1 Rothbart Rothbart et al. 2000 1 M M M 2. 44 2. 19 SD 0. 49 0. 59 Kochanska Weighting 3 System Kochanska et al. 1998 1 2 2. 2 M 2. 31 0. 42 M 3. 18 0. 56 E 0. 52 0. 89 E 0. 29 0. 53 M 2. 06 0. 82 M 2. 67 0. 63 M E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. M 1 2. M - 0. 12 1 3. E 0. 13-0. 03 1 4. E - 0. 12 0. 05-0. 22 ** 1 5. T neg 0. 03-0. 06 0. 78 ** - 0. 21 ** 1 6. T pos - 0. 05 0. 01-0. 16* 0. 70 ** - 0. 20 ** 1 7. W neg 0. 21 ** - 0. 11 0. 73 ** - 0. 16* 0. 43 ** - 0. 15* 1 8. W pos - 0. 19* 0. 08-0. 19 ** 0. 77 ** - 0. 18* 0. 31 ** - 0. 13 1 9. C neg 0. 08 0. 10 0. 65 ** - 0. 09 0. 18 ** 0. 01 0. 25 ** - 0. 11 1 10. C pos - 0. 02 0. 02-0. 13 0. 73 ** - 0. 10 0. 26 ** - 0. 07 0. 34 ** - 0. 10 T W C pos neg. * p < 0. 05 **p < 0. 01. 2 Gartstein & Marmion 2008 3. 2 250
3 3 R 2 ΔR 2 ΔF β R 2 ΔR 2 ΔF β 1. 0. 00 0. 00 0. 04 0. 05 0. 05 4. 86-0. 00 0. 09 0. 02 0. 21 ** 2. 0. 03 0. 03 4. 21 0. 16 * 0. 06 0. 01 1. 04-0. 08 3. 0. 03 0. 03 0. 01-0. 01 0. 06 0. 00 0. 03-0. 01 4. 0. 03 0. 00 0. 06 0. 07 0. 01 1. 06-0. 04 0. 16 0. 03 0. 01 5. 0. 03 0. 01 0. 43 0. 12 0. 05 4. 63-0. 04 0. 26 * - 0. 16-0. 36 * 6. 0. 05 0. 02 3. 03-0. 15 + 0. 12 0. 00 0. 01-0. 01 + p < 0. 10 * p < 0. 05 **p < 0. 01. 3 β = 0. 21 p < 0. 01 β = 0. 16 p < 0. 05 1 3 β = - 0. 15 p < 0. 10 β = 0. 26 p < 0. 05 β = - 0. 36 p < 0. 05 Preacher Preacher & Rucker 2003 1 simple slope = - 0. 39 t = 2-0. 46 df = 174 p > 0. 05 simple slope = - 0. 84 t = - 1. 51 df = 174 p > simple slope = - 0. 456 t = - 2. 08 df = 0. 05 177 p < 0. 05 2 simple slope = 0. 153 t = 0. 63 df = 177 p > 0. 05 251
2011 3 4 Kagan & Fox 2006 Matheny Jr et al. 1988 McBride et al. 2002 Whiffen 1990a Whiffen 1990a Rothbart Fergusson et al. 1993 IBQ IBQ Gartstein & Rothbart 2003 Rothbart 1981 McBride 1986 McBride et al. 2002 McBride Gartstein Gartstein & Marmion 2008 Stifter et al. 2008 al. 2008 Fox et al. 2001 Leerkes & Crockenberg 2003 r = 0. 21 r = - 0. 19 Gartstein & Marmion 2008 Kochanska et al. 1998 Leerkes & Crockenberg 2003 Strelau & NetLibrary 1998 Leeker Leerkes & Crockenberg 2003 Gartstein Gartstein & Marmion Fox Crockenberg Crockenberg et Rothbart Rothbart 2008 et al. 1993 252
IBQ Abnormal Child Psychology 21 3 245-269. 2001. first four years of life. Child Development 72 1 1-21. Rothbart 1986 Gartstein M. 227-238. 5 Rothbart Rothbart 1981 1986 6 Kagan 1 2 375-390. 2 Infancy 4 4 517-539. Abidin R. 1990. Introduction to the special issue The stresses of parenting. Journal article by Richard R. Abidin Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 19. Bar-Haim Y. Sutton D. Fox N. & Marvin R. 2000. Stability and change of attachment at 14 24 and 58 months of age Behavior representation and life events. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 41 3 381-388. Bates J. & Pettit G. 2007. Temperament parenting and socialization. Handbook of socialization Theory and research 153-177. Bridges L. Palmer S. Morales M. Hurtado M. & Tsai D. 1993. Agreement between affectively based observational and parent-report measures of temperament at infant age 6 months. Infant Behavior and Development 16 4 501-506. Crockenberg S. Leerkes E. & Bárrig Jó P. 2008. Predicting aggressive behavior in the third year from infant reactivity and regulation as moderated by maternal behavior. Development and Psychopathology 20 01 37-54. Fergusson D. Lynskey M. & Horwood L. 1993. The effect of maternal depression on maternal ratings of child behavior. Journal of Fox N. Henderson H. Rubin K. Calkins S. & Schmidt L. Continuity and discontinuity of behavioral inhibition and exuberance Psychophysiological and behavioral influences across the & Marmion J. 2008. Fear and positive affectivity in infancy Convergence / discrepancy between parent-report and laboratory-based indicators. Infant Behavior and Development 31 2 Gartstein M. & Rothbart M. 2003. Studying infant temperament via the revised infant behavior questionnaire. Infant Behavior and Development 26 1 64-86. Goldsmith H. & Rothbart M. 1996. The Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery LabTAB Locomotor version 3. 0 Technical Manual. Department of Psychology University of Wisconsin Madison WI. plus corresponding version of the prelocomotor battery manual. J. & Fox N 2006. Biology Culture and Temperamental Biases. Handbook of child psychology Vol. 3 Social Emotional and Personality Development. New York John Wiley & Sons 169-217. Kochanska G. Coy K. Tjebkes T. & Husarek S. 1998. Individual differences in emotionality in infancy. Child Development 69 Kochanska G. Murray K. & Coy K. 1997. Inhibitory control as a contributor to conscience in childhood From toddler to early school age. Child Development 68 2 263-277. Leerkes E. & Crockenberg S. 2003. The impact of maternal characteristics and sensitivity on the concordance between maternal reports and laboratory observations of infant negative emotionality. Matheny A. 1985. Rudiments of Infant Temperament Newborn to 9 Months. Developmental Psychology 21 3 486-494. Matheny Jr A. Wilson R. & Thoben A. 1988. Home and mother Relations with infant temperament. 1988 Annual Progress In Child Psychiatry 350. McBride B. Schoppe S. & Rane T. 2002. Child characteristics parenting stress and parental involvement Fathers versus mothers. Journal of Marriage and Family 64 4 998-1011. Parade S. & Leerkes E. 2008. The reliability and validity of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised. Infant Behavior and Development 31 4 637-646. Paterson G. & Sanson A. 1999. The Association of Behavioural Adjustment to Temperament Parenting and Family Characteristics among 5-Year-Old Children. Social Development 8 3 293-309. Preacher K. & Rucker D. 2003. A primer on interaction effects in multiple linear regression. Retrieved November 10 2003. Rothbart M. 1981. Measurement of temperament in infancy. Child Development 52 2 569-578. Rothbart M. 1986. Longitudinal observation of infant temperament. Developmental Psychology 22 3 356-365. Rothbart M. Derryberry D. & Hershey K. 2000. Stability of temperament in childhood Laboratory infant assessment to parent 253
2011 3 report at seven years. Temperament and personality development across the life span 85-119. Rothbart M. & Goldsmith H. 1985. Three approaches to the study of infant temperament. Developmental Review 5 3 237-260. Rothbart M. & Hwang J. 2002. Measuring infant temperament. Infant Behavior & Development 25 1 113-116. Seifer R. Sameroff A. Barrett L. & Krafchuk E. 1994. Infant temperament measured by multiple observations and mother report. Child Development 65 5 1478-1490. Stifter C. Willoughby M. & Towe-Goodman N. 2008. Agree or agree to disagree Assessing the convergence between parents and observers on infant temperament. Infant and child development 17 4 407-426. Strelau J. & NetLibrary 1998. Temperament A psychological perspective Plenum Press New York Kluwer Academic Publishers 59-99. Webster-Stratton C. & Hammond M. 1988. Maternal depression and its relationship to life stress perceptions of child behavior problems parenting behaviors and child conduct problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 16 3 299-315. Whiffen V. 1990a. Maternal depressed mood and perceptions of child temperament. The Journal of genetic psychology 151 3 329-339. Whiffen V. 1990b. Maternal depressed mood and perceptions of child temperament. The Journal of genetic psychology 151 3 329. 1984. SCL 90. 2 2 68-68. 1995.. 16.. 143-194.. 2009. 6. 19 001 16-18. 2009.. 29 4110-4113. Study of the Consistency and Its Influence Factors between Laboratory Observation and Maternal-Report on Infant Temperament YU Heng 1 ZHANG Ming-hao 1 2 CHEN Xin-yin 3 DENG Hui-hua 1 LU Zu-hong 1 1. Southeast University Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education Research Center of Learning Science Nanjing 210096 2 Linyi University School of Education Linyi 276000 3. University of Western Ontario Developmental of Psychology London Ontario N6A 3K7 Abstract The consistency in infant positive and negative emotions between laboratory observation and maternalreport method was investigated in 203 6-month old infants. Positive and negative emotions coded were observed in three different scenes positive negative and neutral. The positive and negative emotions observed in positive context were significantly correlated with maternal-reported positive emotion. Maternal depression can predict the difference in negative emotion between the two methods. The gender of children can moderate the parenting stress and the consistency in positive emotion between the two methods. Key words maternal-report laboratory observation positive emotion negative emotion 254