Arc Flash PPE Requirements, Selection, Care and Use

Arc Flash PPE Requirements, Selection, Care and Use Sales Presentation Presented by: Jim Pollard Unlimited PPE Inc. 2015 Oberon Company

Presentation Agenda Introduction Arc Flash Overview Anatomy of Arc Flash PPE Used as a Risk Control Handbook Review Sample Evaluation Questions & Answers

Disclaimer Only partial content related to Arc Flash PPE and CSA Z462, 3 rd Edition is presented here. This Session is not Qualification Training for Electrical Workers. You are cautioned to consult CSA Z462-2015 prior to making any changes in any safe work practices that are established. Opinions expressed by the presenter is a personal technical opinion. You are advised to consult the CSA Group for specific formal interpretation.

Presentation Focused on Arc Flash only. Electrical Hazards include Shock, Arc Flash and Arc Blast. References will be made to the provided ESPS Arc Flash & Shock Handbook. Samples will be used to demonstrate Arc Flash PPE. Attendees are encouraged to participate and ask questions. Link Available

Slide Content Copyright Notice for Slide Content in Presentation This presentation was created using copyrighted content and shall not be reproduced without permission from: ESPS Electrical Safety Program Solutions Inc. Oberon Company, division of Paramount Corp. Unlimited PPE Inc.

ESPS Consulting Services Licensed Products Training Solutions www.esps.ca Terry Becker, P.Eng, CESCP, IEEE Senior Member

Oberon Company Pioneer Over 30 years experience Resources www.arcflash.com Products Arc Flash Suits, Arc-Rated Facshields, much more.

Unlimited PPE www.unlimitedppe.com Combining Electrical Safety Solutions from both:

Jim Pollard Voting Member CSA Z462 Technical Committee CAN/ULC-S801 CSC/IEC/TC78 & ULC LW ASTM F18 Electrical Safety Social Media 1,700+ LinkedIn Followers Arc Flash & Shock PPE Group Manager (1,440) Twitter @CSAZ462 Author COS Magazine Electrical Business Magazine Electrical Line Magazine

What is an Arc Flash? 1. An Electric Arc is the Passage of Substantial Electric Current Through Ionized Gases. 2. Arc Flash Hazard is a Dangerous Condition associated with the possible release of energy caused by an Electric Arc. 3. Typically lasts less than 1 Second. 4. Extremely High Thermal Energy. 5. Explosive in Nature, can cause a Pressure Wave from expanding metallic material into vapour.

Arc Flash Hazard Arc Flash Event. ٠* ٠ ٠.,.

When can it happen? Workers perform tasks that put them at Risk including; 1. Voltage Testing. 2. Removing Bolted-on Panel Covers. 3. Inserting or Removing Circuit Breakers.

How can it happen? 1. Conductive Object gets too close to an energized conductor or circuit part and ground. 2. Electric Arc super heats and ionizes the air, allowing for a path for electrical current to flow. 3. With sufficient voltage (>208 V) the Electric Arc can sustain itself and transform into an Arc Flash. What is the Cause? Equipment Failure and Human Interaction

When do you need Protection? Human Threshold to a 2 nd Degree Burn is 1.2 cal/cm 2 1 cal/cm² Equals the Exposure on a finger tip held 1 cm above the flame from a Cigarette Lighter in One Second

CSA Z462-2015 NFPA 70E-2015 Applicable Standards CAN/ULC S801-2014 (Utilities only) CSA Z462 is the most successful OH&S Standard ever published by the CSA. 2015 Harmonized with the 2012 NFPA 70E. 2008 2021 2018

Quick Overview of CSA Z462-2015 Greater emphasis on implementing an Electrical Safety Program. Clause order restructured to align with CSA Z1000 OHSMS Standard. Further alignment with CSA Z1002, Annex F brought forward for global changes. New Definitions added to clarify the difference of hazard and risk and risk assessment. Broader inclusion of Risk Assessment as related to energized electrical work.

Global Changes Hazard identification changed to Risk Assessment Procedure Arc Flash Hazard Analysis changed to Arc Flash Risk Assessment Shock Hazard Analysis changed to Shock Risk Assessment

Deletions Hazard/Risk Category Tables, entire selection method and related terminology has been eliminated. Hazard/Risk Category 0, new Arc Flash PPE Category starts at Category 1. Prohibited Approach Boundary, recognized as being redundant to the Restricted Approach Boundary e.g. shock PPE, tools & equipment requirements.

New Label Requirements New Detailed Label Requirements clarify what information shall be used (or not used!) Incident Energy or PPE Category, but not both. Prohibited Approach Boundary eliminated.

New Philosophy Normal Operation vs Abnormal Operation of energized electrical equipment. Normal conditions are assessed as: The equipment is properly installed; The equipment is properly maintained; All equipment doors are closed and secured; All equipment covers are in place and secured; There is no evidence of impending failure.

2015 Change Management Step-by-Step Action Plan 1) Complete a Gap Analysis, current vs. new. 2) Update existing Electrical Safety Program (ESP). 3) Review Arc Flash & Shock PPE. 4) Train workers on the updated CSA Z462-2015. 5) Train workers on your updated ESP. 6) Full internal or external electrical safety audit.

Summary of the Differences Link Available

More Basics Alphabet Soup Link Available

Arc Flash Suit -Video Link Available

Anatomy of Arc Flash PPE What is Arc Flash PPE? Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) consisting of specially designed and appropriately tested products suitable for use by workers that need protection from the thermal effects of an arc flash hazard. Specially designed. Appropriately tested. Suitable for use.

Specially Designed Full Body Protection. No Openings, Exposed Metal. Easy to Don & Doff.

Appropriately Tested All Materials used in the Construction of the equipment are appropriate. Labeling correctly identifies the necessary Standards and Compliance. Test Documentation Available.

Suitable for Use Pre-use Inspected to ensure no rips, holes, tears or significant signs of contamination. Garments are clean, correct fit and all closures operate correctly. Faceshields or Hood lens are not damaged.

Rules of Thumb Arc Flash PPE only works when you wear it. Never wear clothing that contains materials that melt (i.e. underlayers, garment design). All Electrical Specific PPE requires a Pre-Use Inspection. Always wash Arc Flash PPE separately from other garments. Always follow the manufacturers guidelines for care, use and maintenance.

What is an Arc Rating? Two Types of Arc Ratings per ASTM F1959 Arc Thermal Performance Value (ATPV) The incident energy level at which there is a 50% probability of sufficient heat transfer to cause the onset of a second-degree skin burn injury. Breakopen Threshold Energy (E BT ) The incident energy level at which there is a 50% probability of the formation of holes or tears in the layer closest to the skin.

High Current Testing Laboratory

ATPV Test Report

Fabric Swatch Evaluation

Determination of EBT

Available Fabric Options FR = Flame Resistant AR = Arc-Rated Molecular Make-up Polymer Chain Inherently FR Fabrics (IFR) Built-in to the Fabric OR Flame Retardant Treated Fabrics (FRT) Chemical Treatment

Available Fabric Options FR = Flame Resistant AR = Arc-Rated Inherently FR Fabrics (IFR) Built-in to the Fabric Permanent Treatment For the life of the Garment OR Flame Retardant Treated Fabrics (FRT) Chemical Treatment Reference WESTEX www.westex.com

Available Full Face Protection Green (Yellow) IR Grey IR

Applicable Standards ASTM F2178 CSA Z94.1 CSA Z94.3 ASTM F1959 CSA Z94.2 ASTM F1506 ASTM F2675 CSA Z462-2015 Table 3 CSA Z195

100% Compliant Label Example PPE Selection Advice; If the garment states compliance with ASTM F1506-10a but the label is not correct, buyer beware! 6.3.2 6.3.6 6.3.5 6.3.3 6.4.4 ASTM F1506-10a 6.3 Garments shall be labeled with the following information: 6.3.1 Tracking identification code system, 6.3.2 Meets requirement of Performance Specification F1506, 6.3.3 Manufacturer s name, 6.4.4 Size and other associated standard labeling, 6.3.5 Care instructions and fiber contents, and 6.3.1 6.3.6 Arc rating (ATPV) or arc rating (E bt )

Arc Flash PPE Selection Factors Arc-Rated PPE shall cover associated parts of the worker s body including flammable apparel (underlayers) while allowing movement and visibility. Factors for Review: Layering of Arc-Rated Clothing. Outer layers worn over Arc-Rated Clothing. Underlayers worn under Arc-Rated Clothing. Coverage and Interface areas. Tight vs. Loose Fitting.

What do Customers Forget? 1. To properly evaluate Arc Flash PPE through learning about the applicable Standards. 2. To think through how workers use AR PPE. 3. What happens during and after an Arc Flash accident (i.e. Rescue, First Responders, etc). 4. To provide adequate Arc Flash PPE Care & Use training to their workers. 5. Document and Implement an effective AR PPE management program. 6. Review existing Arc Flash & Shock PPE and repair, recondition or replace as necessary.

AR PPE Management Program Electrical Safety Program should include: Specification Procurement Selection Three Level System Inventory Management Performance Management Individual vs. Shared Assignment Shared Check In/Out System Pre-Use Checks Care, Use & Maintenance Frequency of Inspection & Testing

1. Fit & Function. For Consideration 2. Proper Inspection Techniques. 3. How to Don/Doff. 4. Integration with other PPE. 5. Ability to Communicate while working. 6. Effective VLT, Conspicuity. 7. Storage & Maintenance.

Ability to Communicate Why is communication important? 1. Safety Watch. 2. Procedural. 3. Feedback Loop. Does this actually happen with proper hearing protection?

Arc Flash PPE is not Perfect It is noted that despite the employer s best efforts their Arc Flash PPE may not provide adequate protection from Arc Flash hazards.

Not all PPE is Created Equally Before After

Non-FR Components -Video Link Available

FR (Not AR) Rainsuit -Video Link Available

Hood Comparison -Video

Beware of PPE Pitfalls Arc Flash clothing shall cover potentially exposed areas as completely as possible. shall be closed at the neck. Long Coat Suit Design protection concern and was not designed for Electrical Workers.

Beware of Counterfeit Actual Garment testing is not required (yet!). No Arc Flash Police making sure garments comply with Standards. Flammable thread, findings and buttons. Only true way to know if an Arc-Rated garment is compliant is to destroy it.

Beware of Myths vs. Realities Safe PPE does exist above 40 cal/cm 2. 40 cal/cm2 is NOT the limit. Arc Flash suits are available with protection up to 140 cal/cm 2. Blast Pressure is not related to Incident Energy!

Risk Assessment Procedure Before Work is Started Workers use their Employer s Electrical Safety Program to apply the requirements of CSA Z462-2015 including a Risk Assessment Procedure (RAP). Workers apply the procedure to carry out: 1. Hazard Identification (Shock, Arc Flash, Blast); 2. Assess Risks; and 3. Implement risk controls (Hierarchy of Controls).

Hierarchal Approach Hierarchy of Risk Controls Arc Flash PPE is the last line of defense. 1. Eliminate the hazard, de-energize is the first choice. 2. Substitute with other materials, processes or equipment. 3. Reduce the risk by design (i.e. engineering solutions, equipment solutions, Safety by Design, Electrical Equipment Maintenance);

Hierarchal Approach 4. Use safer work systems that increase awareness of potential hazards (e.g. apply safeguards like signage, barriers, etc.); 5. Implement administrative controls (e.g. training and procedures); and 6. Use Electrical Specific Personal Protective equipment, as a last line of defense, and ensure it is appropriately used and maintained.

Safety Management System Hazard Identification Electrical Safety Program (ESP) Training Contractors Risk Assessment Procedure -Forms -Workflow Process

Defined Worker Roles Electrical Worker vs. Non-Electrical Worker ARC FLASH PPE NO ARC FLASH PPE

When is Arc-Rated PPE not Required? An Arc Flash is not likely to occur when Electrical Equipment is in a Normal Operating Condition

Assess Equipment Condition Only Workers who are Knowledgeable and Competent having been trained and demonstrated the ability to assess Normal versus Abnormal equipment conditions. NO ARC FLASH PPE ARC FLASH PPE REQUIRED

Work Tasks that Always Require PPE CSA Z462-2015 Table 4A identifies several Work Tasks that always require Arc Flash PPE due to the likelihood of an Arc Flash occurring. Examples of the 18 Work Tasks: Voltage Testing. Removal or Installation of CBs or switches. Removal of bolted covers. Opening hinged door(s) or cover(s). Application of temporary protective grounding.

When an Arc Flash is Likely to Occur Link Available

Arc Flash PPE Reduces Severity When completing an Arc Flash Risk Assessment, Arc Flash PPE is applied as a Control to reduce bodily injury or damage to health, lowering Risk. Appropriately rated and suitable for use Arc-rated PPE will reduce Severity (Se) to a recoverable 2 nd degree skin burn injury. Risk is a combination of likelihood and the severity of injury from a hazard.

How to Select Arc Flash PPE Appropriate Arc Flash PPE is selected based on the potential thermal incident energy exposure, as determined by an employer s Arc Flash Risk Assessment. CSA Z462-2015 Arc Flash PPE Selection Methods: 1. Incident Energy Analysis Method. 2. Arc Flash PPE Category Method.

How to Select Arc Flash PPE For a work task on a specific type of equipment this can be done using either Method, but not both. The Arc Flash PPE arc-rating must match or exceed the thermal incident energy value estimated by the employer s Arc Flash Risk Assessment. ARC RATED PPE ARC FLASH HAZARD

Incident Energy Analysis Method Arc Flash Triangle Engineering Calculations are used to estimate the incident energy exposure level (cal/cm 2 )

Incident Energy Analysis Method PPE Label Equipment Label Arc Rating must be equal to or greater than the Incident Energy exposure level (cal/cm 2 )

Selection based on Incident Energy Annex H, Table H.2 provides guidance on what arc-rated clothing can be applied against the incident energy listed on detailed Arc Flash & Shock Warning labels.

Faceshield & Balaclava or Suit Hood An arc-rated hood shall be used when the estimated incident energy exposure is greater than 12 cal/cm 2

Arc Flash PPE Category Method Acceptable in lieu of the Incident Energy Analysis Method *New* 2015 Category Method for the selection of Arc Flash PPE. Used within the context of a Risk Assessment. 1. Determine if Arc Flash PPE is required based on Work Task and Equipment Condition. 2. Determine the Arc Flash PPE Category. 3. Select & Deploy appropriate PPE.

Category Method Example 1-2-3 Normal Operation of a circuit breaker, switch, contactor or starter. Typically NO Arc Flash PPE is Required

New Table Method Example Step 1 Identification using CSA Z462-2015 Table 4A

New Table Method Example Step 2 Arc Flash PPE Category, Table 4B

New Table Method Example Step 3 Select & Deploy appropriate PPE using Table 5

Arc Flash PPE Categories Arc Flash PPE Category Minimum Arc Rating Arc-rated PPE 1 4 cal/cm 2 Full Body + Faceshield 2 8 cal/cm 2 Full Body + Faceshield & Balaclava or Hood 3 25 cal/cm 2 Layered System + Hood or Full 4 40 cal/cm 2 Arc Flash Suit Above Incident Energy Analysis Required. Annex H, Table H.2

Other PPE

ESPS Handbook Portable Resource Tool for Electrical Workers. Used to Reinforce Training. Designed to be used with an Electrical Safety Program. The best available resource in the industry. Workshop Attendees can take and use the ESPS Handbook at their workplaces

Level System Defined Levels in an Electrical Safety Program, customized as necessary. Level 0 Company Standard PPE Level 1 Low Level Exposure values < 8 cal/cm 2 Level 2 ESPS Handbook Page # High Level Exposure values < 65 cal/cm 2 8

Useful Definitions Arc Flash Hazard. Arc Flash Risk Assessment. Arc Flash Boundary. Arc Flash PPE Category. Arc Flash Suit. Arc Rating. Total System Arc Rating. ESPS Handbook Page # 10

ESP Workflow Process Flow Chart ESPS Clients use this Handbook to reinforce Worker Training and the application of their Corporate Electrical Safety Program. This Flow Chart serves as an example of how other Employers are applying their ESPS provided Electrical Safety Program within a Work Flow Process. Examples of forms (tools) include the Energized Electrical Job Risk Assessment (EEJRA) form. 29

EEJRA Form The single most important tools from an Employers Electrical Safety Program are the field level forms used by workers. The ESPS Energized Electrical Job Risk Assessment (EEJRA) Form is used by workers for all energized work tasks. The EEJRA can also be used as an Energized Electrical Work Permit (EEWP). 35

Specifications Table 42

Non Arc-Rated PPE 62

Care, Use & Maintenance 68

Pre-Use Inspections & Checks 79

How to Wear an Arc Flash Suit 101

Coveralls Designed for Electricians Traditional Arc-Rated Coveralls were designed to accommodate for several underlayers (Uniform) with no pockets. Arc Flash Suit design elements incorporated into an Electrical & Instrumentation coverall design Continuous Zipper Non-Conductive Closures Additional Pockets CSA Z96 HVSA

Ultra Lightweight Suits Lighter weight fabrics allow for mobility and increased worker productivity Functional designs for optimal worker safety Comfort options to reduce heat stress Arc-Rated Cooling Vest Hood Ventilation Systems

True Colour Grey Faceshields Safer than Green! Full Colours Accurate Colour Perception Available in 8 or 12 cal Faceshields Grey IR Dye Proprietary Design by Oberon

True Colour Grey Hoods Safer than Green! Available in ARC40 & ARC65 Hoods No lifting the front of the hood to accurately determine colours Available LED lamp and Hood Ventilation System options

Arc Flash Suits Good, Better, Best Options (Regular, Light, Ultra- Lightweight) Hood Design with no Velcro & Fail Safe design features (unique install locations) Polycarbonate High Impact Ballistic Protection (140 cal/cm 2 ) Hood Ventilation Systems available in FR Plastic Protection from 15-140 cal/cm 2

What about Hearing Protection? Ear Canal Inserts 1. Hearing Protection is required. 2. Selection Required. 3. Suggesting Ear Canal Inserts. 4. Other types of Hearing Protective Devices?

Another Arc Flash Myth Your ear plugs will catch on fire and burn into your ears!

The Basics of Hearing Protection 1. Reduces noise to protect from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). 2. NIHL can be permanent and 100% avoidable. 3. Noise measured in decibels (db). 4. Typical noise prevention program uses Time Weighted Average (TWA) levels. 5. Hearing protection necessary when exposure is 85 db over 8 hours (TWA). 6. Noise doubles every 3 db.

165 db How Does Arc Flash Compare?

Noise Reduction Ratings 140 db exposure causes immediate physical damage. 120 db pain threshold. Subtract the NRR from the noise exposure level. Permissible Exposure Levels based on Exposure Time 112 90 85 165 120

NRR is not so simple Unless worker fit test data is available, NIOSH recommends we de-rate the NRR. Most workers don t wear their protection properly. 0 db 0 db 33 db

Example

More Examples

1. Roll entire earplug into a crease-free cylinder 2. Pull Back pinna by reaching over head with free hand, gently pull top of ear up and out 3. Insert earplug well into ear canal and hold until it fully expands

De-rate Guideline Earmuffs subtract 25% Formable earplugs subtract 50% All other earplugs subtract 70%

HPD Evaluation E-A-R Classic NRR 33-50% = 16.5 E-A-R Arc Plug NRR 22-70% = 6.6 3M Peltor TacticalPRO neckband NRR 25-25% = 18.75

Total System Demonstrating the total combined system. Oberon ARC40G. 3M Peltor TacticalPRO Earmuffs. (~$400) Customer Approved Safety Glasses. Customer Approved Hard hat.

Contact Information Jim Pollard Unlimited PPE Inc. 905-573-0300 jim@unlimitedppe.com www.unlimitedppe.com

Questions & Answers