COOKING Cooking
(teacher) Sample question: What is the most difficult part of cooking for you and your family? Possible responses: Cooking takes too long and I always end up with a messy kitchen. I wish I were a better cook so I wouldn t waste so much food. What do I have to cook for dinner? Cooking 3 Cooking 2
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(teacher) Sample question: There are certain kitchen tools that make cooking easier. Name one kitchen tool you use frequently for cooking? Share with participants: Look at the list of kitchen tools. If you don t have all the tools you need, you can find kitchen tools at garage sales and secondhand stores. You can also find substitutes for many of them. Kitchen Tools Substitutes Measuring cup marked jar or baby bottle Colander pan with lid Cookie sheet bottom side of cake pans Rolling pin smooth bottle or glass Potato masher two forks Measuring spoons regular teaspoon and/or tablespoon Mixing bowls deep kettle or pan Cutting board sturdy plate Pie pan fl at cake pan Round cake pan square or oblong pan Biscuit/cookie cutters lids, rims of jars and glasses Soup ladle cup with handle Spatula two knives Cooling rack oven rack Kitchen Tools Measuring cup Colander Cookie sheet Rolling pin Potato masher Mixing bowls Cutting board Soup ladle Pie pan Biscuit/cookie cutters Spatula Roasting pan Measuring spoons Round cake pan Cooling rack Pot holder Roasting pan any pan/skillet that can be used in the oven w/lid or cover w/foil Pot holder folded towel Cooking 5 Cooking 4
Kitchen Tools Measuring cup Colander Cookie sheet Rolling pin Potato masher Measuring spoons Mixing bowls Cutting board Pie pan Round cake pan Biscuit/cookie cutters Soup ladle Spatula Cooling rack Roasting pan Pot holder Cookimg 5
(teacher) Share with participants: Preparing meals requires cooking skills. Measuring Tools One of the most useful skills a successful cook should have is measuring ingredients. One key item is using the correct measuring tool. Different measuring tools are used to measure liquid and dry ingredients. Cooking 7 Note for teacher: Bring examples of liquid and dry measuring cups and measuring spoons. If the client doesn t have measuring cups, show him/her how to make his/her own using glass jars. Demonstrate how to use each. Cooking 6
Measuring Tools Cookimg 7
(teacher) Sample question: Why is it important to use a liquid measuring cup to measure liquids like water, oil, milk, and juice? Liquid Measuring Cup Use a liquid measuring cup to measure liquids like water, salad oil, milk, and juice. Liquid measuring cups have space at the top of the cup to prevent spills. Liquid measuring cups have a spout for pouring. Cooking 9 Clear glass or plastic measuring cups lets you check the level of the liquid in the cup to make sure the correct amount of liquid is measured. When measuring, make sure the measuring cup is on a fl at and level surface. Cooking 8
Liquid Measuring Cup Cookimg 9
(teacher) Share with participants: It is more accurate to measure dry ingredients with a dry measuring cup. Dry Measuring Cup A dry measuring cup measures to the very top of the cup that can be accurately leveled off with a utensil that has a level blade. Use a dry measuring cup to measure dry ingredients like fl our, dry milk, cornmeal, and solid shortening. Cooking 11 Dry measuring cups are designed to measure to the very top of the cups. Spoon dry ingredients into the measuring cup. Level off ingredients with the fl at side of the knife or spatula to give an accurate measurement. Cooking 10
Dry Measuring Cup Cookimg 11
(teacher) Sample question: What do you use when you are measuring tiny amounts of ingredients? Measuring Spoons Measuring spoons measure small amounts of ingredients. Measuring spoons come in at least four sizes: 1/4 teaspoon 1/2 teaspoon 1 teaspoon 1 Tablespoon Cooking 13 Use measuring spoons for measuring either dry or liquid ingredients. When measuring dry ingredients, spoon the ingredient to top of the spoon and level with a knife or spatula. Cooking 12
Measuring Spoons Cookimg 13
(teacher) Share with participants: Recipes are an important tool in the kitchen. They give directions for preparing foods for meals and snacks. Following a recipe is easy if you follow four simple steps. Steps to Success When Following a Recipe Cooking 15 Cooking 14
Steps to Success When Following a Recipe Cookimg 15
(teacher) Share with participants: Being organized and having a plan are the key to cooking. FIRST Read the recipe. Check to see if you have all the ingredients listed, the kitchen equipment needed, and enough time to prepare the recipe. If you have everything you need, wash your hands and get to work. Steps to Success Step 1 Read the recipe. Make sure you have everything you need. Step 2 Clear and clean a work space in your kitchen. Step 3 Collect all the ingredients and cooking utensils listed in the recipe. Preheat oven if needed. Step 4 Follow the steps of the recipe. Cooking 17 SECOND Clean a work space in your kitchen so you have a clean, uncluttered area to work. THIRD Collect all the ingredients listed in the recipe. Put all the tools and equipment you need on the kitchen counter. Preheat oven if needed. FOURTH Follow the steps of the recipe. Cooking 16
Steps to Success Step 1 Read the recipe. Make sure you have everything you need. Step 2 Clear and clean a work space in your kitchen. Step 3 Collect all the ingredients and cooking utensils listed in the recipe. Preheat oven if needed. Step 4 Follow the steps of the recipe. Cookimg 17
(teacher) Sample question: The measured amounts of ingredients in a recipe may be written in an abbreviated (shortened) form. What are some abbreviations you have not seen? Tablespoon = TBSP., Tbsp. or T. Teaspoon = TSP., tsp. or t. Cup = C. Recipes use abbreviations for some ingredient measurements. Here are some abbreviations that you will probably fi nd in the recipes you use. Ounce = OZ. or oz. Pound = LB. or lb. Cooking 19 Tablespoon = TBSP., Tbsp. or T. Teaspoon = TSP., tsp. or t. Cup = C. or c. Ounce = OZ. or oz. Pound = LB. or lb. Cooking 18
Tablespoon = TBSP., Tbsp. or T. Teaspoon = TSP., tsp. or t. Cup = C. Ounce = OZ. or oz. Pound = LB. or lb. Cookimg 19
(teacher) Share with participants: Here is a sample recipe. You will notice there is a list of ingredients, cooking directions and how much the recipe makes. Oatmeal Cookies (Makes 4 dozen cookies) 3/4 cup margarine 1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees 1/2 cup brown sugar 2. Cream margarine and sugar. 1/2 cup granulated sugar 3. Add egg, water, and vanilla. 2 egg whites or 1 whole egg Beat mixture until creamy. 1/4 cup water 4. Mix flour and baking soda together. Beat into 1 teaspoon vanilla liquid mixture. Stir in raisins and rolled oats. 1/2 cup all-purpose flour 5. Drop cookie dough by teaspoonfuls onto 1/2 teaspoon baking soda ungreased cookie sheet. 1 cup raisins 6. Bake in oven about 12 to 15 minutes. 2 cups rolled oats Oatmeal Cookies (Makes 4 dozen cookies) Cooking 21 3/4 cup margarine 1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees 1/2 cup brown sugar 2. Cream margarine and sugar. 1/2 cup granulated sugar 3. Add egg, water, and vanilla. 2 egg whites or 1 whole egg Beat mixture until creamy. 1/4 cup water 4. Mix fl our and baking soda together. 1 teaspoon vanilla Beat into liquid mixture. Stir in raisins and rolled oats. 1/2 cup all-purpose fl our 5. Drop cookie dough by teaspoonfuls onto ungreased 1/2 teaspoon baking soda cookie sheet. 1 cup raisins 6. Bake in oven about 12 to 15 minutes. 2 cups rolled oats Cooking 20
Oatmeal Cookies (Makes 4 dozen cookies) 3/4 cup margarine 1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees 1/2 cup brown sugar 2. Cream margarine and sugar. 1/2 cup granulated sugar 3. Add egg, water, and vanilla. 3 egg whites or 1 whole egg Beat mixture until creamy. 1/4 cup water 4. Mix fl our and baking soda together. Beat into 2 teaspoon vanilla liquid mixture. Stir in raisins and rolled oats. 1/2 cup all-purpose fl our 5. Drop cookie dough by teaspoonfuls onto 1/2 teaspoon baking soda ungreased cookie sheet. 3 cup raisins 6. Bake in oven about 12 to 15 minutes. 4 cups rolled oats Cookimg 21
(teacher) Share with participants: Let s look to see what equipment will you need to make this recipe. If you do not have all the equipment what could you use instead? oven measuring spoons mixing spoon liquid measuring cup cookie sheet dry measuring cup spatula mixing bowls pot holder mixer Equipment List List of equipment needed for the recipe. oven measuring spoons mixing spoon liquid measuring cup cookie sheet dry measuring cup spatula mixing bowls pot holder mixer Cooking 23 Cooking 22
Equipment List List of equipment needed for the recipe: oven measuring spoons mixing spoon liquid measuring cup cookie sheet dry measuring cup spatula mixing bowls pot holder mixer Cookimg 23
(teacher) Share with participants: Recipes use cooking terms that describe how a food should be prepared. Here are terms that describe how to cut ingredients: (demonstrate these terms) Cutting Terms Chop to cut into small pieces Grate to rub food against a grater to divide into small pieces Slice to cut into thin, fl at pieces Chop to cut into small pieces Grate to rub food against a grater to divide into small pieces Cooking 25 Slice to cut into thin, fl at pieces Cooking 24
Cutting Terms Chop to cut into small pieces Grate to rub food against a grater to divide into small pieces Slice to cut into thin, fl at pieces Cookimg 25
(teacher) Share with participants: There are different terms used to describe how to mix ingredients in a recipe. (demonstrate these terms) Cream - to work one or more foods together until soft and creamy Cut in - to work fat into dry ingredients with a pastry blender or two knives with the least amount of blending MixingTerms Cream - to work one or more foods together until soft and creamy Cut in - to work fat into dry ingredients with a pastry blender or two knives with the least amount of blending Fold - to turn over and over by sliding tool across bottom of mixing bowl at each turn. Knead - to mix using a pressing motion and also folding and stretching. Stir - to mix in a circular motion Whip - to beat rapidly to add air Cooking 27 Fold - to turn over and over by sliding tool across bottom of mixing bowl at each turn Knead - to mix using a pressing motion and also folding and stretching Stir - to mix in a circular motion Whip - to beat rapidly to add air Cooking 26
Mixing Terms Cream to work one or more foods together until soft and creamy Cut in to work fat into dry ingredients with a pastry blender or two knives with the least amount of blending Fold to turn over and over by sliding tool across bottom of mixing bowl at each turn Knead to mix using a pressing motion and also folding and stretching Stir to beat rapidly to add air Cookimg 27
(teacher) Share with participants: There are different terms used in a recipe to describe how to cook food. Braise - to brown meat in a small amount of fat, then cook slowly in a covered skillet/pot with a small amount of liquid Broil - to cook directly over or under heat CookingTerms Braise - to brown meat in a small amount of fat, then cook slowly in a covered skillet/pot with a small amount of liquid Broil - to cook directly over or under heat Roast - to bake in the oven Sauté - to cook in a small amount of fat Simmer - to cook in liquid below the boiling point so bubbles form slowly and break just below the surface Steam - to cook in steam in a covered container Cooking 29 Roast - to bake in the oven Sauté - to cook in a small amount of fat Simmer - to cook in liquid below the boiling point so bubbles form slowly and break just below the surface Steam - to cook in steam in a covered container Cooking 28
Braise Broil Roast Sauté Cooking Terms - to brown meat in a small amount of fat, then cook slowly in a covered skillet/pot with a small amount of liquid - to cook directly over or under heat - to bake in the oven - to cook in a small amount of fat Simmer - to cook in liquid below the boiling point so bubbles form slowly and break just below the surface Steam - to cook in steam in a covered container Cookimg 29
(teacher) Sample question: What kinds of things do your children do to help with cooking? When you include your children in kitchen activities, you help them develop skills that will help them become independent and build self-esteem. Children are more willing to try new foods if they have helped prepare them. The key to successful cooking with children is giving them jobs that they are able to complete. This will depend upon the age of the child. Helps develop your child s math and reading skills. Children s cooking skills develop over time TWO-YEAR-OLDS (big arm muscles) Clean vegetables with brushes. Clean tables. Tear, break, and snap foods. Dip foods into dips. THREE-YEAR-OLDS (medium muscles/hands) Wrap foil and dough around food. Press dough into baking pan. Pour from small plastic pitchers. Mix with hands or a wooden spoon. Shake small jars of food. Spread foods. Children s Cooking Skills Develop Over Time TWO-YEAR-OLDS (big arm muscles) Clean vegetables with brushes. Clean tables. Tear, break, and snap foods. Dip foods into dips. THREE-YEAR-OLDS (medium muscles/hands) Wrap foil and dough around food. Press dough into baking pan. Pour from small lastic pitchers. Mix with hands or a wooden spoon. Shake small jars of food. Spread foods. FOUR-YEAR-OLDS (small muscles/fi ngers) Use fi ngers to peel. Roll and fl atten food. Crack eggs with blunt table knife. Mash foods. FIVE-YEAR-OLDS (fi ne coordination) Measure ingredients. Cut soft foods. Turn a grinder. Grate food. Beat with an egg beater. FOUR-YEAR-OLDS (small muscles/fi ngers) Use fi ngers to peel. Roll and fl atten food. Crack eggs with blunt table knife. Mash foods. FIVE-YEAR-OLDS (fi ne coordination) Measure ingredients. Cut soft foods. Turn a grinder. Grate food. Beat with an egg beater. Cooking 31 Cooking 30
Children s Cooking Skills Develop Over Time TWO-YEAR-OLDS (big arm muscles) Clean vegetables with brushes. Clean tables. Tear, break, and snap foods. Dip foods into dips. FOUR-YEAR-OLDS (small muscles/fingers) Use fi ngers to peel. Roll and fl atten food. Crack eggs with blunt table knife. Mash foods. THREE-YEAR-OLDS (medium muscles/hands) Wrap foil and dough around food. Press dough into baking pan. Pour from small plastic pitchers. Mix with hands or a wooden spoon. Shake small jars of food. Spread foods. FIVE-YEAR-OLDS (fi ne coordination) Measure ingredients. Cut soft foods. Turn a grinder. Grate food. Beat with an egg beater. Cookimg 31
(teacher) Sample question: What are convenience foods? Convenience foods are often more expensive than making your own foods from scratch. One way to save money is to make your own mixes. Mix the dry ingredients together and store them in a clean, airtight container. Cooking 33 There are recipes for many types of homemade mixes including salad dressing, baked products, seasonings, sauces, and soups. Check your lesson handout for recipes for homemade mixes that will save you money, make cooking easier, and help stretch your food resources to last the whole month. Cooking 32
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