Good Hope School Integrated Science New S.1 Summer Work Section 1: Basic vocabulary in Secondary Science The following lists some English terms used in Secondary Science. analyze demonstrate laboratory observation(s) characteristics design living record chemical(s) discuss non-living result conclusion experiment observe scientist Dorothy, Allen and Edmond were classmates in the primary school. They are now studying in different secondary schools. One day they met in the street and chatted about science. Fill in the blanks below using the terms given above. Use each term once only. Dorothy said, I love science. I am interested in (1) things. For example, I like to (2) different kinds of fish and see how they eat and swim. It is interesting to know more about their (3). Allen said, I love science too, but I am interested in (4) things. I want to become a (5) in the future. I want to have my own (6) and do my own (7) using different (8). Do you know that a scientist has to (9) a fair experiment before performing it? During the experiment, he has to make careful (10) and (11) the (12) accurately. After the experiment, he has to (13) the results and draw a (14) based on what he finds out. Edmond said, I do not wish to be a scientist, but I want to be a science teacher. I like to (15) with my students and (16) interesting experiments. p.1
Section 2: Inside the laboratory Part A: Laboratory safety rules Your teacher will guide you through many interesting experiments. To enjoy doing them, you must know the safety rules in a laboratory, so that potential accidents can be prevented. I. Look at the laboratory safety rules listed below. Put a for the things that you should do and a for the things that you should not do in the laboratory. General rules Laboratory safety rules 1. Enter the laboratory without your teacher s permission. 2. Perform any experiments without your teacher s permission. 3. Follow your teacher s instructions. 4. Ask your teacher if you have any questions. 5. Make sure you are familiar with the fire escape route of the laboratory. Inside a laboratory 6. Eat and drink. 7. Play and run. 8. Tie up long hair and school ties. 9. Keep the laboratory clean and tidy. 10. Report all accidents to your teacher as soon as possible. 11. Handle certain accidents (such as chemicals getting on your skin or eyes) by yourself at once before reporting it to your teacher. or II. Choose reasons for the Do s and Don ts of the safety rules above. Write the letters in the spaces provided. Reasons for following the safety rules a. Harmful chemicals may get into your body through your mouth by accident. b. Accidents may occur if you do not follow your teacher's instructions. c. Some chemicals may cause serious injuries if they are not handled immediately. d. There may be potential dangers in a new experiment designed by you. e. You can follow your teacher's instructions and leave the laboratory quickly if there is a fire. f. You do not know what is going on inside the laboratory, and it may be dangerous if you enter the laboratory on your own. g. You should always be sure what you are going to do to prevent accidents. h. An accident can easily happen if you put apparatus, chemicals, books, etc. together untidily. i. They catch fire easily when they are hanging down. j. You may knock down apparatus and chemicals, leading to an accident. k. Your teacher knows how to handle the accidents in the most suitable way. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. p.2
Part B: Basic equipment and apparatus in the laboratory I. Basic equipment in the laboratory A first-aid box A n eye wash bottle A fume cupboard Water taps and a sink Gas taps El ectric sockets A fire extinguisher A sand bucket After observing the above equipment, label the following diagram using the words given. bench electric socket first aid box sink eye wash bottle fire blanket fire extinguisher fume cupboard gas tap water tap G H I A: B: C: D: E: F: G: H: I: p.3
II. Hazard Warning Labels Many chemicals are stored in the laboratory. Hazard warning labels are put on the containers of some chemicals to warn us of the potential dangers. Corrosive h Harmful Flammable Substances that will cause painful burns if touched. Safety precaution: Put on protective gloves or clothes. Substances that are hazardous to health. Safety precaution: Avoid contact with skin. Substances that catch fire easily. Safety precaution: Keep away from fire. Toxic i Irritant Explosive Substances that are poisonous. Safety precaution: Do not take in the substance. Substances that will produce vapour which irritate the eyes, nose and throat. Safety precaution: Avoid inhaling their vapour. Substances that will explode when heated or lit. Safety precaution: Keep away from fire and wear safety goggles. Name the hazard warning labels and state their safety precautions. 1. Hazard warning label Name Basic safety precaution 2. 3. 4. 5. p.4
III. Commonly used apparatus in the laboratory Below are the commonly used apparatus in the laboratory. A beaker Conical flasks A test tube rack A test tube and a boiling tube Dropping bottles Reagent bottle A gas jar An evaporating dish A watch glass A funnel A dropper A spatula A wash bottle Glass rods A test tube holder A pair of tongs A tripod A wire gauze A Bunsen burner A heat-proof mat p.5
A stand and clamps A pair of safety goggles Measuring cylinders A thermometer After observing the apparatus, label the following diagrams using the words given. An example is given to you. Bunsen burner clamp and stand test tube heat-proof mat safety goggles spatula test tube holder test tube rack tongs tripod wire gauze boiling tube boiling tube p.6
beaker wash bottle conical flask dropper dropping bottle funnel gas jar measuring cylinder glass rod reagent bottle thermometer watch glass What are the following apparatus used for? 1. Test tube a. To protect the bench from over-heating. 2. Tongs b. To heat objects 3. Spatula c. To fix the position of apparatus. 4. Stand and clamp d. To pick up hot objects. 5. Heat-proof mat e. To transfer small volumes of liquids. 6. Dropper f. To contain liquids. 7. Glass rod g. To stir liquids 8. Bunsen burner h. To transfer small amounts of solids. p.7
Section 3: Doing Experiments When doing experiments, it is important to understand the instructions given by your teacher. Read carefully some of the common instructions in experiments below. For each instruction, there are clear indications of how the instruction is carried out, the materials and their quantity needed, and the apparatus used. Instructions 1. Add 5 drops of solution A to a test tube using a dropper. Action: Add Material: Solution A Quantity: 5 drops Apparatus: Dropper and test tube Diagrams 2. Pour 40 cm 3 of tap water into a beaker Action: Pour Material: Tap water Quantity: 40 cm 3 Apparatus: Measuring cylinder and beaker 3. Weigh 1 gram of powder on a piece of weighing paper using an electronic balance. Action: Weigh Material: Powder Quantity: 1 gram Apparatus: Weighing paper and electronic balance 4. Fill a test tube with solution B until it is one-third full. Action: Fill Material: Solution B Quantity: One-third of a test tube Apparatus: Test tube 5. Measure and record the temperature of heating water using a thermometer. Action: Measure and record Material: Water Quantity: Temperature Apparatus: Thermometer, Bunsen burner, heat proof mat, tripod and wire gauze p.8
Part A Write down the action, the material and its quantity needed (if any) and the apparatus used for each of the following experimental instructions in the spaces provided. 1. Measure 200 cm 3 of tap water using a measuring cylinder and pour it into a beaker. Action: Material: Quantity: Apparatus: 2. Use a stopwatch to measure how long it takes for 300 cm 3 of water to boil. Action: Material: Quantity Apparatus: 3. Stir the solution A in the test tube with a glass rod. Action: Material: Apparatus: 4. Heat 250 cm 3 of water using a Bunsen burner. Action: Material: Quantity: Apparatus: 5. Shake the test tube gently to mix 5 cm 3 of solution X and Y. Action: Material: Quantity: Apparatus: p.9
Part B Look at the following diagrams carefully. Match the suitable sentence to describe each of the diagrams. Stir the solution in the beaker with a glass rod. Pour the solution from one beaker to another beaker. Heat the solution in the beaker with a Bunsen burner. Part C Write the instruction to describe each of the diagrams, indicating the action, the material and its quantity needed and the apparatus used. Solution X 1/3 full Sugar 20 cm 3 Water **End of Exercise** p.10