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Domestic Violence Defined A pattern of coercive behavior used by one person to control and subordinate another in an intimate relationship. These behaviors include physical, sexual, psychological, and economic abuse. Tactics of coercion, terrorism, degradation, exploitation, and violence are used to engender fear in the victim in order to enforce compliance.
Some Controlling Behaviors Insincere agreeing Bringing up the past Blowing up/going off the deep end Repeated correcting/ negating Dismissive sounds (e.g. ʻtskʼ, sighs) Playing the expert Hanging up on them Inappropriate humor Interrupting Getting the last word Micromanaging Over protective ( for your own good ) Manipulating Rhetorical questions Sarcasm Silent treatment Talking for someone Whining Withholding sex/ affection
The Lautenberg Amendment Makes it a federal felony to transport, possess, or receive firearms or ammunition. Army regulations have made the act applicable to domestic violence felonies. Training in the military becomes difficult
Reported Psychological Symptoms Reported Symptoms Reported No Symptoms 100 83 67 50 33 17 Army Marines 0 National Guard Post Deployment Health Reassessment 2003
2700 Oregon National Guard Soldiers Estimated Psychological Symptoms 20% 29% 1323 Estimated Not to Seek Help 51% No Reported Symptoms 794 Symptoms Seek Help Symptoms No Help
Couples-Therapy-Seeking Veterans Severe Violent Acts Violent Acts (physical) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 PTSD Depression Comparison 7
At least One Act Reported Among Couples-Seeking-Therapy in Past Year Severe Violence Violence (physical) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Veterans in Study General Population 8
Interpersonal Violence and the Military Percentage Reporting IPV 40 no screening for psychopathology 33 27 20 13 7 972 0 U.S. Veterans and Active Duty 9
Help-Seeking Vietnam Veterans Physical Aggression in Past Year 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 22 PTSD 0.2 Non-PTSD 10
At least 1 act of aggression past 4 months 60 51 43 34 26 17 9 0 Clinical Sub-Clinical non-ptsd 11
Factors Influencing IPV Younger age Lower Rank Combat exposure PTSD, particularly hyperarousal and anger Socio-economic status Depression Substance Abuse
Combat Veterans Combat veterans display higher levels of anger than non-combat veterans. Combat veterans with PTSD perpetrated a higher number of violent acts within the family than noncombat veterans. It may be that a complex interplay of anger, hostility, and hyperarousal places the veteran with PTSD at increased risk of perpetrating IPV.
Stereotypes # Gender stereotypes are networks or schemas of related beliefs that reflect the common wisdom about men and women.
Scripts # Scripts are acts recognized by a particular group, the rules or guidelines for a expected behavior and the expected punishment for violating the norms
Returning Home Script Soldierʼs deployment was more important Home is romanticized No problems are real Soldier is appreciated The hard part is over with Things will be just like they were before deployment Going to have/want sex all the time Only ʻweakʼ or ʻcrazyʼ soldiers have mental issues and need treatment 16
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What are men supposed to act like?
PTSD Increased Arousal: Trouble falling or staying asleep Increased irritability and anger outbursts Difficulty concentrating Hypervigilance Exaggerated startle response text in white are desirable in combat zone
PTSD Dissociative Symptoms: Emotional numbing Reduced awareness of surroundings Derealization Depersonalization Reduced ability to recall details of event text in white are desirable in combat zone
Some believe there are only two ways of reacting... the passive or the aggressive. aggressive passive
Wouldn t it be nice to know the warning signs? 22
There are options. There are better ways of being. There are ways of honoring the warrior tradition by learning and mastering self control, not in its denial. 23