6 2 2.1 (Elasticity) (Toughness) (Abrasion resistance), ) - - - - 6
7 (Rubber Blend) 2.1.1 (Ethylene-Propylene Diene Rubber, EPDM). 1950 (ethylene) (propylene) (EPM) 60-70% H 3 C CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH CH 3 CH 3 Ethylene unit Propylene unit 2.1
8 (EPM) ( ) (EPDM) 2.1.1.1 (EPDM) 45-85% 40-80% ) 50-70% 3-11% 3 Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), Ethylidene norbornene (ENB) 1,4- Hexadiene (1,4 HD) ENB 1,4 HD ENB DCPD
9 CH 3 CH 3 H 2 C Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) Ethylidene Norbomene 2.2 Trans-1,4-Hexadiene (HX 1,4 HD) (Green strength) (Mooney viscosity) 3 - (Low-medium viscosity) ML(1+4) @100 C 25 60 - (Medium-high viscosity) ML(1+4) @125 C 60 100 - (Very high viscosity) ML(1+4) @125 C 100 200 2.1.1.2 0.86-0.87 g/cm³ -60 C 2.1
10 2.1 EPM, 2548) (/ C) 2.2 x 10-4 (cal/g C) 0.52 (cm 2 / s) 9.2 x 10-4 (cal/cm.s. C) 8.5 x 10-4 (ohm.cm) 5-10 x 10 16 Dieletric strength (kv/mm) 30-35 (Elasticity) (Tensile strength) (Random) (Tear strength) Compression set Compression set ENB Compression set Compression set (Dynamic properties) (SBR)
11 (Aging properties) (Oil and chemical resistance) (Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents) (Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents) (Insulation) 2.1 (Low temperature flexibility) (Service temperature) -40 C 150 C
12 2.1.1.3 50% (Synergistic effect) 0.8 phr Calcined clay CaCO 3
13 Calcined clay Hard clay 2 2.1.1.4, IR, SBR BR 30% (Thermo plastic elastomer, TPE) 2.1.1.5 (Impact resistance)
14 2.1.2 (Reclaim rubber) (Crosslink) Crosslink 2.1.2.1. 1844 1.) Digester Digester (NaOH) (Organic accelerator) Neutral process Digester (1.)
15 Digester (Cracker) (Fluted) ( ) (2.) Digester Digester ( ) Digester 2 200 0 C 400 ( ) 5-8 3 200-240 0 F (Two roll mill) Mill (Blending) 5-6
16 Refiner (Crown) 0.015 2.5:1 Tailings (Strainer) 14 40 Refiner 0.003 0.005 Tailing Tailing 1 15
2.3 Digester process, 2528) 17
18 2.) Heater process Pan process Digester process 20-30 Hammer mill Condux disc type machine Emulsified oil Autoclave 150 ) Breaker Refining Pan process SBR
2.4 Heater Pan process (, 2528) 19
20 3.) Reclaimator process Reclaimator machine 30 3-6 Reclaimator Cracker Cracker Cracker Hammer mill Reel beater ) 30 Air floation Reclaimator (Barrel) (550 0 F) 3-6 Reclaimator 6 300 12 1500 Reclaimator (Mineral filler) Strainer extruder Refiner
2.5 Reclaimator process (, 2528) 21
22 2.1.2.2 2.2 (Polymer Blend) Polymer blend Polyblend 2.2.1 1.) 2.)
23 3.) macro) 4.) Blender Wax Factice Pre-blend 2.3 2 2.3.1 (Two roll mill) 2 ( ) 1.05 1.2 Friction ratio 2 (Nip)
24 2.6 ( ) (masterbatch) 2.3.2 (Internal mixer)
25 2.7 3 1.) (Banbury mixer) Non-interlocking Non-intermeshing 2.8, 2550)
26 2.) (Intermix mixer) Intermeshing 2.9 (, 2550) 3.) Kneader Dispersion mixer Two blades ( ) - - -
27 - ( ) - - - 2.4 4 2.4.1 (Conventional mixing Right side up mixing) 2.4.2 (Upside down mixing) ( )
28 2.4.3 (Late oil addition mixing) 2.4.4 (Sandwich mixing) 1 1 1 2
29 2.5 (compound rubber) - - ( ) - - - - - 8-10 2.5.1 (Vulcanizing agent) (Crosslink)
30 Crosslink Crosslink Crosslink (Bloom) 2.5.2 (Accelerator) Crosslink 2.5.3 (Activator) (ZnO) (Stearic acid)
31 2.5.4 (Filler) - (Non-reinforceing filler) - - (Extrude) - - - 2.5.5 (Processing aid) (Oil) (Peptizer) (nerve) Factice
32 2.5.6 (Antioxidant & Antiozonant) IPPD (N-Isopropyl-N -phenyl-p-phenylene diamene) BHT (2,6-Di-tert butyl (-pcresol)) 2.5.7 (Pigment) Cadmium sulphide ) Chromium oxide ) Titanium dioxide ( ) 2.5.8 (Retarder) (Scorch) Benzoic acid Salicyclic acid (Blowing agent) Sodium bicarbonate Dinitrosopentamethylene tetramine
33 2.6 2.6.1 (Density) (Specific gravity) (Relative density) - - - ( ) (. S.G.)... Density gravitometer Relative balance
34 2.6.2 (Mooney viscometer) 2.10 20±0.02 100±0.5 C 125 C (Preheat time) 1 4 2 30.48±0.03 38.10±0.03
35 Mooney unit (MU) 2.2 ASTM D1646 ( C) ( ) 1 ) NR,BR,CR,IR,NBR,SBR 100±0.5 4.0 EPDM,EPM 125±0.5 4.0 IIR,BIIR,CIIR 100±0.5 125±0.5 8.0 50ML1+4(100 C) 50 M Mooney L (large) S (small) 1 (preheat time) 4 100 C
36 2.11 2.6.3 (Cure characteristics) 3 1) (Mooney viscometer)
37 125 C 140 C 2.12 ( ) ( 2.12 ) - (Minimum mooney viscosity, Vmin) - 5 3 T5 T3 (Mooney scorch time) - 35 18 T35 T18
38 - (Cure index) : Cure index = T35 T5 : Cure index = T18 T3 (rheometer) 2) (Oscillating disk rheometer, ODR) ODR (Biconical shape) 2.13
39 - (1 3 ) 100 (Cure curve) 2.14 2.14 ODR 3 - (Induction) ML - (Curing) ( )
40 (Scorch time) ts 1 (ML) 1 - (dn.m) ts1 3 2 - ts2 MH (Curing time) Tx x (ML) (MH) T90 90 90% T90 = ML + (90(MH ML) / 100) T90 (Optimum curing time) (Cure rate index, CRI) CRI = 100 / ( ) - (Over cure) 2 ( ) ( ) 2
41 plateau marching reversion 3) (Moving die rheometer, MDR) MDR ODR MDR - ODR MDR 2.6.4 (Testing of vulcanized rubbers) 2.6.4.1 (Hardness test) (Indentor) (Depth of penetration) 2 (Durometer) (Shore A) (Shore D) IRHD (International Rubber Hardness Degree) IRHD ASTM D2240 6 (Lateral dimensions) 12
42 1 5 IRHD ASTM D1415 20 4 2 4 Micro IRHD instrument IRHD 3 5 2.6.4.2 (Testing of Tensile Properties) (Tensile strength) (Elongation at break) (Modulus) ASTM D412 ISO 37 Universal testing machine Tensile testing machine 2±0.2 (Single impact stroke)
43 ASTM D412 3 - = F / A F A - (%) = 100 x ( L L0 ) / L0 L L0 2.15 ASTM D412
44 2.6.4.3 (Compression set) (Degree of recovery) (Spacer bars) 25% 30 (C) C = ((t 0 t f ) / (t 0 t n )) x 100 t n T 0 T f 2.6.4.4 (Testing of Heat Resistance)
45 ASTM D572 D573 D865 ISO 118 2 2 2.7 Punnarak, Panu, Tantayanon, Supawan and Tangpasuthadol, Varawut (2006) (Reclaimed tire RTR) (High density polyethylene HDPE) (Valcanization) (Sulphur) (Peroxide) 50/50 RTR/HDPE (Impact strength) RTR 50 (Carbon black) (Tensile strength) 3 (Solvent swelling) (Glass transition temperature) (Viscosity) RTR/HDPE (Scanning electron microscopy SEM) Onyshchenko, E.and Bartlett (2006) De-Link Sekhar-Kormer-Sotnikova
46 (Tensile Strength) (Elongation at break) (Tearing energy) (Crumb rubber) (Hardness) (Repeated recycling) (Modulus) (Elongation) 100% 200% 300% 400% Scorch time (Compression set) (Rebound resilience) (Swelling measurement) (Sol fraction) De-link Process 30% Rajan, V. V. et al. (2006) (Cured rubber) (latex) 15% (vulcanized rubber)
47,, (2548) 0-50 phr 80/20 40 phr 15.97 MPa 1,224.93 N.mm/mm 3