Social Network Analysis PD Dr Lothar Krempel krempel@mpifg.de Cologne Graduate School in Management, Economics and Social Sciences Course: Number 1585 Location: Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, Paulstr. 3, 50676 Köln Time: Tuesdays 14:00-15:30 Credit Points: 6 Type of Course: Fachübergreifende Theorien und Methoden Course Language: English The Seminar introduces into central topics of Social Networks, the formal representation of networks as mathematical graphs and the computational analysis and visualization. We use Pajek, a free program for the analysis of large networks. The course introduces into elementary networks metrics, centrality measures, concepts of dense areas like cliques and cores and structural equivalence (block modeling). Special topics are ego-networks and the analysis of two mode networks, concepts of network growth, diffusion processes in networks. Requirements: Oral presentation of one of the course texts in the seminar and own network project or oral exam. Reading: Intro: Scott, John (2000): Social Network Analysis. London: Sage Woulter de_nooy, Andrej Mrvar and Vladimir Batagelj (2004): Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Videolecture: On Social Networks with an overview of graph drawing with demo of a system Pajek http://videolectures.net/cov05_batagelj_snogd/ Krempel, Lothar (2008): Netzwerkanalyse: ein wachsendes Paradigma. In Stegbauer (ed), Netzwerkanalyse und Netzwerktheorie, p. 215-226 1
2 (1) October_16 FROM EGO- TO SOCIAL NETWORKS actors, attributes, ego-networks, alter-alter relations, complete networks Scott: Chapters 1-2 Pajek Chapter 1: Looking for Social Structure Bott, E. (1955), Urban families: Conjugal roles and social networks, Human Relations 8, 345. Bott, E. (1957), Family and Social Network, Tavistock Cubbit, T., chapter Family and Social Network. Halgin, D. S. and Borgatti, S. S. (2012), An introduction to personal network analysis and tie churn statistics using e-net, Connections 32, 37 48. Lubbers, M. J., Molina, J. L. and McCarty, C. (2007), Personal networks and ethnic identifications. the case of migrants in spain, International Sociology 22, 721 742. Brandes, U., Lerner, J., Lubbers, M. J., McCarty, C. and Molina, J. L. (2008), Visual statistics for collections of clustered graphs, in proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium.. (2) October_23. BASIC NETWORK METRICS density, degrees, paths, cycles, closeness, betweeness Scott: Chapter 3-4 Pajek Chapter 2: Attributes and Relations Freeman Linton C (1979): Centrality in Social Networks: Conceptual Clarification. In: Social Networks, 1(1) 215-239 (3) October_30 CLIQUES AND COMMUNITIES cliques, cores,.., k-plexes, clusters, communities Scott: Chapter 5-6 Pajek Chapter 3: Cohesive Subgroups M. Girvan and M.E.J. Newman (2002): Community structure in social and biological networks. PNAS, June 11 202, vol. 99, no. 12, 7821-7826. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/ pnas.122653799
3 (4) November_06 NETWORK VISUALIZATION mapping, layouts, attributes,. Freeman, Linton (2000): Visualizing Social Networks. Journal of Social Structures, Vol 1, No. 1 http://wwww.cmu.edu/joss Krempel, Lothar (2011): Network Visualization. In: Carrington, Peter and John Scott (ed): Handbook of Social Network Analysis. London: Sage - Krempel, Lothar (2005): Visualisierung komplexer Strukturen Grundlagen der Darstellung mehrdimensionaler Netzwerke. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag - Moreno, J. L. 1953 [1934]. Who Shall Survive? Foundations of Sociometry, Group Psychotheraphy and Sociodrama. Beacon, New York: Beacon House Inc. (5) November_13 POSITIONS AND ROLES. positions, roles, clusters, blockmodelling, structural equivalence Scott: Chapter 7 Pajek Chapter 12: Block Models Padgett John F. and Cristopher K. Ansell (1993): Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici 1000-1434 AJS, Vol 98, 6, 1259-1319SOCIAL CAPITAL, STRUCTURAL HOLES (6) November_20 POWER Asymmetries, Hierarchies Chase, Ivan (1974): "Models of Hierarchy Formation in Animal Societies." Behavioral Sciences 19: 374-382. highly recommended Chase, Ivan (1980): Social Process and Hierarchy Formation in Small Groups: A Comparative Perspective. American Sociological Review 45: 905-924. Katz, L. (1953). A new status index derived from sociometric analysis. Psychometrika, 18, p.39-43.
4 (7) November_27 SOCIAL CAPITAL structural holes Burt. R. S. (1992): The Social Structure of Competition. In: Nohria Nitton and Eccles, Robert (1992): Networks and Organisations. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. p 57-91 Burt, R. S. "Structural Holes and Good Ideas." American Journal of Sociology. 110. 2 (2004): 349-399 Padgett John F. and Cristopher K. Ansell (1993): Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici 1000-1434 AJS, Vol 98, 6, 1259-1319 (8) December_4 BALANCE: GROWTH OF PERSONAL NETWORKS homphily, clustering, triads, transitivity Pajek: Chapter 4: Sentiments and Friendship Miller McPherson, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and James M Cook (2001): Birds of a Feather: HOMOPHILY IN SOCIAL NETWORKS. Annual Rev- Sociol. 2001. 27: 415-444. Davis, James A. (1963): Structural Balance, Mechanical Solidarity, and Interpersonal Relations. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 68, No 4, p 444-462 - Cartwright, D. and F. Harary (1956): Structural balance: A Generalization of Heider s Theory. Psychol. Rev., 63, 277-293 - Heider, Fritz (1946): Attitudes and cognitive organization. The Journal of Psychology. 21, 107-112. -Newcomb, Theodore, M. (1963): The Acquaintance Process. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston (9) December_11 AFFILIATION NETWORKS two- and n-mode Graphs Breiger, R.L. (1974): The Duality of Persons and Groups. Social Forces, 53, 181-190 - Davis A. Gardener B and Gardener M.R. (1941) Deep South. Chicago University of Chicago Press. Borgatti, Stephen and Martin Everett (1997): Network analysis of 2- mode data. Social Networks, 19,243-269 http://escholarship.org/uc/item/28n027c3
5 (10) December_18 DIFFUSION IN NETWORKS paths Pajek Chapter 8: diffusion Granovetter, Mark S. (1977): The Strength of Weak Ties."American Journal of Sociology 78: 1360-1380. Milgram, S. (1967): The Small World Problem. Psychology Today, 1:61-7 Coleman, James S., Elihu Katz, and H. Menzel. (1957): The Diffusion of an Innovation Among Physicians. Sociometry 20: 253-270. Christakis, Nicolas and James H. Fowler (2007): The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years. N Engl J Med 2007;357:370-9. Krempel, Lothar, & Schnegg, Michael. (2005). About the Image: Diffusion Dynamics in an Historical Network. Structure and Dynamics, 1(1). Retrieved from: http://escholarship.org/ uc/item/28n027c3 (11) January_15 NETWORK DYNAMICS degree distributions, clustering, preferential attachment Barabási, A.-L. (2003), Linked: The New Science of Networks, Perseus Publishing, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pages 79-92., Perseus Publishing, Cambridge, Watts, D. J. (2003), Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age,W.W. Norton & Company, New York. (12) January_22 ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL NETWORKS cycles Padgett, J. F., Lee, D. and Collier, N. (2003), Economic production as chemistry, Industrial and Corporate Change 12, 843 877. Hidalgo, C. A. and Hausmann, R. (2009), The building blocks of economic complexity, PNAS 106, 10570 10575. URL: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0900943106 Höpner, Martin and Lothar Krempel (2003): The Politics of the German Company Network. Cologne: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies. MPIfG Working Paper 03/9, September 2003 [http://www.mpi-fg-koeln.mpg.de/pu/workpap/wp03-9/wp03-9.html]
6 (13) January_29 VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES Wellman, Barry (2001): Physical Place and CyberPlace: The Rise of Personalized Networking. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25 (2001) Adamic, Lada A., Orkut Buyukkoten and Eytan Adar (2003): A social network caught in the web. Firstmonday, peer-reviewed journal of the internet. http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue8_6/adamic Teng, C.-Y., Lin, Y.-R. and Adamic, L. A. (2011), Recipe recommendation using ingredient networks. cite arxiv:1111.3919. URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1111.3919 Hansen, Derek, Ben Shneiderman and Marc A. Smith (2010) Analyzing Social Media Networks with NodeXL. Insights from a connected world. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann
7 General Literature 1. Kadushin, C. (2012), Understanding.social networks. theories, concepts, and findings, Oxford University Press 2. Hennig, M., Brandes, U., Pfeffer, J. and Mergel, I. (2012), Studying Social Networks. A Guide to Empirical Research, Campus 3. Carrington, P. and Scott, J., eds (2011), Handbook of Social Network Analysis, Sage. 4. Gamper, M. and Reschke, L., eds (2010), Knoten und Kanten. Soziale Netzwerkanalyse in Wirtschaftsund Migrationsforschung, Bielefeld: Transcript 5. Stegbauer, C. and Häußling, R., eds (2010), Handbuch Netzwerkforschung, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag. 6. Easley, David and Jon Kleinberg (2010) Networks, Crowds, and Markets Reasoning About a Highly Connected World http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/kleinber/networks-book/ 7. Gamper, M. and Reschke, L., eds (2010), Knoten und Kanten. Soziale Netzwerkanalyse in Wirtschaftsund Migrationsforschung, Bielefeld: Transcript. 8. Stegbauer, Christian (2010): Netzwerkanalyse und Netzwerktheorie. Ein neues Paradigma in den Sozialwissenschaften. Wiesbaden:VS Verlag 9. Knoke, David and Song Yang (2008): Social Network Analysis. Second Edition. Beverly Hills: Sagehttp: //escholarship.org/uc/item/28n027c3 10. Boris Holzer (2006): Netzwerke. Bielefeld: Transcript 11. Krempel, L. (2005), Visualisierung komplexer Strukturen Grundlagen der Darstellung mehrdimensionaler Netzwerke, Campus Verlag. 12. Trappmann, Mark, Hans J. Hummell und W.Sodeur (2005): Strukturanalyse sozialer Netzwerke. Konzepte, Modelle, Methoden. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. 13. Carrington, Peter J., John Scott and Stanley Wasserman (eds.) (2005): Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 14. Brandes, Ulrik und Thomas Erlebacher (ed) (2005): Network Analysis. Methodological Foundations. Berlin: Springer 15. Scott, John (2000): Social Network Analysis. London, Sage 16. Jansen, Dorothea (1999): Einführung in die Soziale Netzwerkanalyse. Leske + Budrich Verlag 17. Degenne, Alain and Michel Forse (1999): Introducing Social Networks. London, Sage. 18. Schweizer, Thomas (1996): Muster sozialer Ordnung. Netzwerkanalyse als Fundament der Sozialethnologie. Berlin: Dieterich Reimer Verlag 19. Schenk, Michael (1995): Soziale Netzwerke und Massenmedien. J.C.B. Mohr Tübingen 20. Wasserman, Stanley and Katherine Faust (1994): Social Network Analysis. Methods and Applications Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
8 21. Franz U. Pappi (ed) (1987): Methoden der Netzwerkanalyse. (Techniken der emprischen Sozialforschung Bd.1) München: Oldenbourg 22. Tittmann, Peter (2003): Graphentheorie. Eine anwendungsorientierte Einführung. Leipzig: Fachbuchverlag Leipzig. 23. Martin, John Levi (2009): Social Structures. Princeton: Princeton University Press 24. Stegbauer, Christian und Alexander Rausch (2006): Strukturalistische Internetforschung. Netzwerkanalysen internetbasierter Kommunikationsräume. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. 25. Harary, Frank, Robert Z. Norman and Dorwin Cartwright (1965): Structural Models: An Introduction to the Theory of Directed Graphs. New York: John Wiley 26. Freeman, Linton(2004) The Development of Social Network Analysis: A Study in the Sociology of Science. Vancouver: Empirical Press Free Programs Pajek Vlado Batagelj and Andrej Mrvar: a powerful free program especially designed to analyze very large networks. http://pajek.imfm.si/doku.php?id=download Woulter de_nooy, Andrej Mrvar and Vladimir Batagelj (2004): Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Visone is a free graph drawing program maintained by Ulrik Brandes to analyze and visualize social network data. http://www.visone.info NetDraw is a free Network Drawing Program which is available from Analytic Tech http://www.analytictech.com NodeXL a free program by Marc Smith which runs in Microsoft Excel 2007 as template with interactive features http://www.codeplex.com/nodexl Hansen, Derek, Ben Shneiderman, Marc Smith (2009) Analyzing Social Media Networks: Learning by Doing with NodeXL. Gephi Gephi is an interactive visualization and exploration platform for all kinds of networks and complex systems, dynamic and hierarchical graphs. http://gephi.org/ FREE TECHNICAL INTRODUCTIONS: Michael Schnegg und Hartmut Lang (2001): Netzwerkanalyse http://www.methoden-der-ethnographie.de/heft1/heft1.html Robert A Hannemann: Introduction to Social Network Methods. http://faculty.ucr.edu/~hanneman/soc157/nettext.pdf