Concept for scaling up access to water and sanitation services in urban and peri-urban low-income areas Michael Rosenauer Water Section, GIZ, Eschborn März, 2015 Wasser Berlin International Page 1
Content 1. Background und Objective 2. Scaling up Concept for Urban Water and Sanitation Towards a common standard in the GIZ portfolio 3. Next steps: Mainstreaming of scaling up & WASH4Millions Knowledge management Standards for scaling up Page 2
1. Background and Objective Why do we need more focus on access to WSS services at scale? Aid Effectiveness Real service gap larger than reported by JMP SDG Goal WASH for all, HRWS and urbanization trends require solutions for access at scale Operationalize pro-poor orientation of sector reforms ( closing the last mile ) Business development Meeting the expectations of clients & mobilizing new commissions Demand for innovation and replication of successful scaling-up approaches (Corp. Strategic Evaluation) Solutions for delivering on / monitoring of SDG water and sanitation goals Page 3
1. Background and Objective Why do we need to continue talking about scaling up within GIZ? Water Kiosk in Country A: Comfort? Safety? Functionality? Acceptance? Water Kiosk in Country B: Customer aided design standards secure comfort, safety and acceptance by customers How can we make more effective use of existing experiences, products and tools within our portfolio? How can we organize effective learning to maximize our impact and avoid mistakes? Page 4
2. Scaling up Concept Definition of Scaling-up / Access at scale Access at scale Result of scaling-up process / 4 criteria for broad impact: Demand oriented improvement Scaling-up Institutionalization of concepts and approaches for access to water and sanitation at scale Adequate quality (Minimum standards HRWS) Significant share of target group reached in a reasonable timeframe Sustainability / Long-term impact Vgl. GIZ Unternehmensstrategische Evaluierung Scaling-up 2013 Page 5
2. Scaling-up Concept Why a focus on urban low-income areas? Urbanization is strongest in lowermiddle- / low-income countries Increase in number and size of urban low-income areas SSA: 345 Mio. people (2014) 1.340 Mio. people (2050) Higher risks / hazards for human health and environment due to high population density Focus of German Development Cooperation on secondary towns & applicability of FC instruments in urban setting Quelle: UN World Urbanization Prospects, http://esa.un.org, Stand: 16.09.2014 Page 6
Assessment of Scaling-up Opportunities / Readiness 2. Scaling up Concept 6 Modules - Overview Access to drinking water services Access to sanitation services III. Access at broad scale Access information system Mode of financing II. Scaling up mechanism Policy and institutional framework Implementing actors I. Fit for scaling up Page 7
2. Scaling-up Concept Access Modules Access to WSS services at scale Result of scaling-up process Maximum number of people with additional access to WSS with existing funding (low hanging fruits) Optimal use of available resources for sustainable access (value for money) Criteria to measure extension of access / service improvements Definition of service levels und minimum standards (HRWS) Last-mile access solutions for urban low-income areas Technical social business model Low-cost technologies Page 8
2. Scaling-up Concept Scaling-up Mechanism Scaling-up Mechanisms Temporary or permanent national structures, that promote directly the extension of water and sanitation services (scaling-up): Financing of pro-poor investment measures Strengthening pro-poor capacities of WSS service providers Information on investment cost, service coverage and demand Technical & institutional requirements of Mode of financing Access information system GIZ-Services to set-up and develop scaling-up mechanisms Page 9
2. Scaling-up Concept Fit for Scaling-up Fit for scaling-up Establishing a framework for implementation of scaling-up approaches Specific pro-poor requirements of Legal framework, sector policy, regulatory tools Capacity of implementing actors municipalities, service providers, utilities GIZ Services to strengthen pro-poor orientation of sector framework and implementing actors Page 10
2. Scaling up Concept Key results Financially & technically proven pro-poor access solutions covering the service chain (Low-cost technologies) Relevant & measurable result: access (value for money) Transparency & accountability Service-level approach enables progressive realization of HRWS Competitive allocation of last-mile investments (performance orientation) Demand- and pro-poor focus (low hanging fruits) National structures implement scaling-up (alignment & sustainability) Parallel implementation of modules (Scaling up can start while sector reform is under way) Page 11
3. Scaling up Concept Module Policy and institutional framework > Function Foundation of scaling up process / pro-poor orientation Political ownership Mitigation of investment risks Incentives and standards for pro-poor orientation of sector institutions > Specific Requirements Pro-poor orientation of sector strategy Separation of sector functions (policy services regulation) Autonomy of sector institutions Obligation for service providers to serve low-income areas / propoor regulation GIZ Services Pro-poor orientation of the water sector 1-a Development of legal framework 1-b Strengthening pro-poor Regulation 1-c > References Peru, Zambia, Kenya, Burkina Faso, Yemen Page 12
3. Scaling up Concept Module Implementing actors > Function Formalized service providers plan, implement and operate last-mile / pro-poor infrastructure Integrating pro-poor services into the business model and operations of utilities secures sustainability Accountability and professionalism secure service quality Efficiency & economies of scale > Specific Requirements Formalization of WSS services in urban low-income areas Pro-poor Units & clear internal responsibility for low-income areas Trend towards O&M cost recovery Sufficient availability of water resources > References GIZ Services Good Corporate Governance 2-a Organizational Development for WSS Service Providers 2-b Commercial Viability 2-c Creation of Pro-poor Unit 2-d Peru, Jordan, Burkina Faso, Vietnam, Page 13
3. Scaling up Concept Module Access information system > Function Information system(s) for management of scaling up process Transparency: real coverage figure for under- / unserved areas Incentive to expand WSS services to low-income areas Monitoring of access, cost efficiency and sustainability of infrastructure > Specific Requirements Institutional Autonomy Transparency Accessibility Sustainable O&M > References Tanzania, Kenya, Zambia Technical Clearly defined access parameters Quality of data Sufficient data Updating GIZ Services Development of an Access Information System 3-a Designing and Conducting a Baseline Study 3-b Page 14
2. Scaling up Concept Module Mode of financing > Function Competitive financing of small- / medium sized investments in last-mile access and secondary infrastructure Delivery of technical assistance to service providers to plan, implement and operate last-mile infrastructure Incentives for service providers / households to invest in access Matching of last-mile investment finance and absorptive capacity Monitoring of implementation and operation of last-mile infrastructure > Requirements Autonomy & Accountability Transparent criteria / processes of investment allocation Standardized support and standards for implementation Explicit pro-poor mandate > References Zambia, Kenya, Peru GIZ Services Allocation Procedures 4-a Risk Management System 4-b WSS Project Implementation Toolkits 4-c Project Information System 4-d National Financing System 4-e Page 15
2. Scaling up Concept Module Access to drinking water > Function Service Level High / Household Average / Plot Definition of 3 access levels (different qualities of service) Adapted & comprehensive access solutions for low-income areas: Last-mile infrastructure: User interface (shared facilities) Secondary infrastructure: Securing availability and quality of drinking water delivered in low-income areas Typical Technology Household connection Yard tap Business + Management Model Access Solutions Last-Mile Infrastructure/ User Interface 5-a Water Quality Improvement 5-b Pro-Poor Bulk Water Supply 5-c Basic / Public Water kiosk / stand pipe (pre-paid) Social Marketing Technical Design Improvement of Drinking Water Hygiene 5-d Page 16
2. Scaling up Concept Module Access to sanitation services > Function Definition of 3 access levels (different qualities of service) Adapted & comprehensive access solutions for low-income areas: Last-mile Infrastructure: User Interface (shared facilities) Secondary Infrastructure covering the sanitation chain (conveyance, collection and disposal / reuse of sludge) Supporting Interventions: Approaches for behavioural change and hygiene sensibilization, Fit-for-School etc. Access Solutions Last-Mile Infrastructure/ User Interface 6-a Faecal Sludge Management 6-b Service Level High = Household (individual) Basic = Plot (several households) Basic = Public (health centres, public places, schools) Typical Technology UDDT, VIP Latrine Pour Flush, Flush Toilet (Septic Tank, Sewer Connection) Pour Flush, Flush Toilet (Septic Tank, Sewer Connection) Social Marketing Business + Management Model Technical Design Wastewater Treatment Systems 6-c Supporting Interventions 6-d to 6-g Page 17
Different qualities of service 2. Scaling up Concept Service Level Approach Service Level (SL) High = Household (individual) Average (w) / Basic (s) = Plot (several households) Basic = Public (health centres, public places, schools) Service level choice during the scaling up should consider: Appropriate SL depends on demand and country context & demand may climb up the ladder during scaling up process Shared facilities & low-cost technologies can be necessary if high SL cannot be reached in reasonable timeframe for all citizens Engineering factors: What is possible? (topography etc.) Economic factors: What is affordable? (sector / household) Socio-political preferences: What is desirable, acceptable & feasible? Quantity Quality Accessibility Comfort / Privacy No. of people Adequate & realistic minimum service standards must defined in a country context (human right!) Shared facilities require measures to mitigate risk of re-contamination (points of source-use), but final responsibility lies with customer! Access can be additional (for previously unserved people) or quality of service can be improved (for previously underserved people) during scaling up Page 18
3. Next steps A framework for bringing scaling up approaches into our operations Business Development Bilateral programmes WASH4Millions Mainstreaming of scaling up approaches Appraisal / PEV of bilateral programmes Community of Practice (CoP) Knowledge management & learning Akquisition Appraisal / PEV Implementation Evaluation Page 19
Thank you very much for your attention! Open Questions and Remarks? Page 20