TRENDS IN NEW YORK STATE LONG-DISTANCE TRAVEL:

DRAFT TRENDS IN NEW YORK STATE LONG-DISTANCE TRAVEL: Based on 2001 National Household Travel Survey February 28, 2006 Pat Hu Ho-Ling Hwang Tim Reuscher Center for Transportation Analysis Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 Prepared for Office of Transportation Policy and Strategy New York State Department of Transportation Albany, New York 12232

DRAFT TRENDS IN NEW YORK STATE LONG-DISTANCE TRAVEL: Based on 2001 National Household Travel Survey Background and Objectives Data on personal travel trends are needed to examine the reliability, efficiency, capacity, and flexibility of the State s transportation system to meet current and future demands; to assess the feasibility and efficiency of alternative congestion-alleviating technologies; to evaluate the merits of alternative transportation investment programs; and to assess the energy use and air quality impacts of various policies. To address these data needs, the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) initiated an effort to collect detailed data on personal travel. In 1969, the first Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) was conducted. The survey was repeated in 1977, 1983, 1990, and 1995. In 2001, an expanded survey included both daily and longdistance travel. In essence, the 2001 survey combined the NPTS and the 1995 American Travel Survey, and was renamed the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS). New York State participated in the 2001 NHTS by procuring additional 12,000 sample households. These additional sample households allowed New York State to address transportation planning issues pertinent to geographic areas significantly smaller than what the national NHTS data are intended for. The final sample size for New York State was 13,423 usable households. In the 2001 NHTS, long-distance trips were defined as trips of 50 miles or more from home to the farthest destination traveled. This included both the portion of the trip to reach the farthest destination, as well as the return trip home and any overnight stops made along the way or stops to change transportation modes. Similar to the daily trips, characteristics of long-distance travel were collected such as the modes used (e.g., personal vehicle, airplane, bus, train, and ship), trip purposes (e.g., commuting, business, pleasure, and personal or family business), socio-economic attributes of the travelers, and trip destinations. 1

The definition of long-distance trip has changed from that used in the 1995 American Travel Survey (ATS), where long-distance trips were defined as trips of 100 miles or more and excluded trips for the purpose of commuting. Therefore, caution should be exercised when comparing estimates based on the 2001 NHTS to those based on the 1995 ATS. Comparisons reported in this report are based on trips that were 100 miles or more from home to the farthest destination. Appendix A of this report provides a detailed discussion on the comparison issues and data limitations. This report highlights major trends in long-distance travel taken by New York residents and those taken by visitors to New York State. This report also highlights the similarities and differences in long-distance travel patterns between 1995 and 2001, but it does not address the causes for the differences. Unless otherwise specified, a trip in this report is defined as a round-trip-travel from home to the farthest destination and the return back to home. New York State 2

In 2001, New York residents: Made over 21 million long-distance trips to a destination within the State, 40 million trips to an out-of-state destination, and 5 million trips to a foreign destination -- amounting to almost 70 billion miles; New York residents traveled long- distance to: 2001 (thousands) In-state destination 21,364 Out-of-state domestic destination 39,576 Foreign destination 5,093 Undetermined destination 10 Total 66,043 Visitors traveled long-distance to New York State 38,880 Were more likely to travel to places outside the State; On average, took fewer than four long distance trips per person per year; Traveled long distance primarily for leisure purposes, and to visit Other Visit friends 1% friends and relatives; 32% Traveled the longest distances for business trips, and the shortest for personal and family Leisure business; 33% Business 16% Personal business 18% Visiting Friends Leisure Personal & Family Business 0 500 1,000 1,500 Avg Trip Length (miles) 3

In 2001, New York residents (continued): Flew commercial airlines for trips longer than 1,000 miles; Used personal vehicles three-quarters of the time, typically for trips shorter than 500 miles; Other Train Bus 4.9% 2.5% 1.4% Air 18.2% POV 72.9% 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% % Long-Distance Trips Made more long-distance trips if their incomes were higher; Made longer trips if they were less than 25 years old; and Were most likely to travel to Canada as a foreign destination (accounting for 36% of the total foreign long distance trips), followed by United Kingdom (7%). Trip Length 1,150 1,100 1,050 1,000 950 900 850 800 750 700 24 or younger 25 to 64 65 or older Age Unreported See source data in Table B.1 4

How did business travel differ from non-business travel? One out of five domestic long-distance trips made by New York residents was for business. Traveling long distance for business was very different from non-business long-distance travel. For example, almost 40% of the long-distance business trips were by air while only 15% of the nonbusiness long-distance trips were by air. Among the business-related long-distance trips made by New Yorkers: Three-quarters were made by individuals with an annual income of more than $50,000; % Trips 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Business Non-business Personal Veh. Air Bus & Train Other Almost 90% were made by those between 25 and 64 years old; and Most were made by men. Compared to non-business long-distance travel, business-related long-distance trips by New Yorkers were: Longer in distance by almost 39%; and Made in smaller groups. Party Size: 1 2 3 4+ It should be emphasized that characterizing long-distance travel Nonbusiness patterns by household socio-economic characteristics or by travelers Business demographics is limited and inconclusive due to the short reporting 0.0% 50.0% 100.0% period (i.e., a 4-week window) in the % Tri ps 2001 survey. Using a short reporting period to collect information on long-distance travel which occurs infrequently tends to capture trips made by the most frequent long-distant travelers. 5

How did business travel differ from non-business travel (continued)? The over-night stays for business-related travel made by New York residents averaged more than 2 nights while the duration of non-business travel made by New Yorkers averaged close to 4 nights. The majority of the long-distance trips to a domestic destination returned on the same day. 40% 30% % Trips 20% 10% Business Non-business 0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ No. of Nights New Yorkers Spent on Domestic Trips See source data in Tables B.2 and B.3. 6

Where in the United States did New York residents visit in 2001? Two out of three domestic long-distance trips taken by New York residents were to a destination outside the State. This was true for both 1995 and 2001. Where New Yorkers visited in 2001 Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and New Jersey were the three most popular out-of-state destinations for New York residents, accounting for about 30% of the total domestic long-distance travel by New Yorkers in 2001, and about 25% in 1995. The difference between 1995 and 2001 could be a result of the different period for recording longdistance travel (see Appendix A). With a 4-week reporting period in the 2001 survey, it was more likely to capture trips made to the neighboring states. In 2001, about 5% of domestic long-distance trips by New Yorkers were to Florida. Where New Yorkers visited in 1995 See source data in Table B.4. 7

Visitors to New York State In 2001, visitors made almost 39 million trips to New York State. Most of them came in personal vehicles to visit friends and relatives and for leisure. This was an increase of 56% from the 25 million trips in 1995. More than half of these trips (55%) were made by residents from the neighboring states Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Virginia. Compared to the 1995 estimates, visits by Massachusetts residents increased significantly, from 2.4 million trips in 1995 to 8.7 million in 2001. The influence of the different survey methodology and different data reporting period on this increase was unclear. On the other hand, visits from New Jersey residents dropped significantly, from 3.4 million trips in 1995 to 1.3 million in 2002. Reasons for this decrease were not determined. Out-of-State residents visited New York State in 2001 in 1995 8

Visitors to New York State (continued) The primary reason for visiting New York State was to visit friends and relatives, closely followed by trips for business. Most visitors came by personal vehicle, followed by air. The mode distribution varies between non-business trips and business-related trips. Visiting Friends & Relatives 33% Business 30% Leisure 23% Personal & Family 14% Non-business Business 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % trips Personal vehicle Air Train Other More than two out of three business-related trips made by visitors to New York State were made by a single individual. Compared to business-related trips, four out of five trips to New York State for non-business purposes were made in groups of 2 or more. When visiting New York State, visitors spent an average of at least 2 nights away from home. Non-business More than 30% of the longdistance trips made by visitors Business were same-day trips, while 20% were over-night stays for 2 nights. The duration of the stay by % Trips visitors was shorter for businessrelated trips, averaging slightly more than one night while the duration for nonbusiness trips averaged more than 3 nights. 0% 20% 40% No. of Nights Spent on Trips 1 2 3 4+ 60% 80% 100% See source data Tables B.4, B.5, and B.6. 9

How have trends in Domestic long-distance travel changed over time? Compared to 1995, Americans took almost 25% more long-distance trips in 2001. In 2001, New York residents took 61 million person-trips to domestic destinations -- an increase of 33% from 1995. Two out of three domestic long-distance trips taken by New York residents were to an out-of-state destination. This was true for both 1995 and 2001. Also in 2001, more than 39 million person-trips were made by visitors to New York State, an increase of 57% from 1995. Long-distance travel taken by New York residents accounted for almost 5% of the total person-trips taken by all U.S. residents in 2001. Summary Statistics of Domestic Long-Distance Travel* 1995 ATS and 2001 NHTS 2001 (000) 1995 (000) % increase from 1995 to 2001 U.S. Total 1,267,255 1,001,319 26% Trips taken by New York State residents 60,940 45,942 33% - To a destination within New York State 21,364 (35%) 15,983 (35%) - To a destination outside New York State 39,576 (65%) 29,959 (65%) Trips taken by visitors to New York state 38,880 24,820 57% Percent taken by New York residents of the national total 4.81% 4.59% * Excludes trips that are between 50 and 100 miles from home, and exclude commute trips. 10

Between 1995 and 2001, Americans took more, but shorter, long-distance trips to a domestic destination. This was true for both New York and non-new York residents. On average, New York household took more than four long-distance trips a year in 2001. Long trips taken by New York residents were 21% shorter in 2001 than in 1995. Trip Rates and Average Length of Domestic Long-Distance Travel 1995 NPTS and 2001 NHTS Travel by whom New York Residents Non New York Residents All U.S. Residents 1995 2001 % change from 1995 Number of Trips per household 3.70 4.76 29% Number of Trips per person 2.80 3.27 17% Trip Length (miles) 926 731-21% Number of Trips per person 3.86 4.67 21% Trip Length (miles) 822 740-10% Number of Trips per person 4.00 4.57 14% Trip Length (miles) 827 739-11% Average Length of Long-Distance Trips Trip Length 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 New York Residents Non-New York Residents 1995 2001 11

APPENDIX A.: DATA COMPARATIVE ISSUES AND ASSUMPTIONS

Data Comparative Issues and Assumptions Before any meaningful comparisons can be conducted between the ATS and the NHTS, data comparative issues would need to be addressed. There are several fundamental differences in these two surveys, including the data collection period (12-months verses 4-weeks, ATS and NHTS respectively), definition of in-scope trips (100-mile verses 50- mile one-way), routing-distance verses great-circle-distance, length of recall period (up to 3 months verses days), survey method employed (personal and phone interviews verses all phone interviews), etc. Although commuter trips were collected under the ATS, these trips were treated differently and not classified as long-distance trips in the ATS data products. On the other hand, 2001 NHTS defines commute as an option for trip purposes and, therefore, includes in-scope commute trips (i.e., 50 miles or more one-way) in its long-distance data file. Due to these incompatibilities between the 1995 ATS and 2001 NHTS, the trend analyses conducted under this study are focused only on a subset of the NHTS long-distance trips. That is, o All commute trips were eliminated from the NHTS data, and o Trips with one-way adjusted-gcd (as described in Part I) shorter than 100-mile were removed from the NHTS data. Note that comparisons conducted for this highlight report are limited to 1995 ATS statistics as those published in the BTS state report. No attempt was made in this study to recalculate any statistics from the 1995 ATS dataset. Data Limitation One of the significant data comparative issues encountered in this trend analysis is that statistics for per traveling household and per traveler can not be computed based on the 2001 NHTS data set. As mentioned, the NHTS long-distance trips were collected from each sample household for a predetermined 4-week travel period. The number of trips collected for this 4-week period was then multiplied by 13 (i.e., 52/4) to derive the estimated annual total of long-distance trips made by the household. Under this method, unfortunately, a household that traveled outside its assigned travel-period would be treated as non-traveler for the entire survey year. Since long-distance travel is a rather rare event than typically daily trips, it is more likely to be missed by the given travelperiod. Consequently, the number of non-traveler or non-traveling households would be greatly overestimated. Collection of the most-recent trip information in the NHTS was an attempt to overcome this problem. Regrettably, this information is currently not available for analytical uses. Another major limitation encountered during this trend analysis is the way that a household trip was defined. In the 1995 ATS, a household trip was defined as travel made by one or more members of a household at the same time, on the same trip. This information was not only collected during the ATS survey but also was provided in a A.1

Household Trip File, separated from the Person Trip file. Under the 2001 NHTS, however, no such household trip file was created. Furthermore, the person trip file compiled from the NHTS data does not contain information that can be used to readily identify a household trip. In order to conduct the trend analysis, an approximation method (using travel date and matching origin-destination) was employed to the person trip file so that the number of household trips in NHTS can be estimated. That is, the 2001 NHTS household trip is defined as a trip taken by members of a given household with identical beginning and ending travel dates and with an identical origin and destination pair. For example, for a household with two members (A & B), assuming person-a made two trips (i.e., 2 person-trips) and person-b also made 2 trips a total of 4 person-trips for this household as listed below. Person Trip begin Trip end Origin Destination HH Trip # A 4/1/2001 4/3/2001 NYhome Acity 1 A 7/2/2001 7/10/2001 NYhome Funplace 2 B 5/1/2001 5/1/2001 NYhome Shops 3 B 7/2/2001 7/10/2001 NYhome Funplace 2 Based on this approximation method, the 4 person trips are for 3 household trips: person- A traveled on HH trip #1 by himself; person-b made HH trip #3 by herself and both were on HH trip #2. A.2

APPENDIX B. SOURCE TABLES

Table B.1 Summary Statistics of Long-Distance Travel by New York Residents 2001 Persontrips (thousand) Trips per person Miles (million) Miles per person Miles per trip All New Yorkers 66,043 3.5 69,659 3,738 1,055 Means of transportation Personal use vehicle 48,203 2.6 23,547 1,264 488 Commercial Airplane 11,987 0.6 42,813 2,297 3,572 Intercity Bus 926 0.0 644 35 696 Train 1,619 0.1 949 51 586 Other 3,289 0.2 1,697 91 516 Unreported 20 0.0 9 1 479 Main purpose Business 10,538 0.6 14,511 779 1,377 Personal family business 11,820 0.6 7,486 402 633 Leisure 22,256 1.2 26,225 1,407 1,178 Visit friends or relatives 21,048 1.1 21,213 1,138 1,008 Other 361 0.0 122 7 338 Unreported 20 0.0 103 6 5,140 Income Less than $25,000 6,774 1.6 6,682 1,602 986 $25,000 to $49,999 14,037 2.7 12,369 2,411 881 $50,000 or more 41,124 5.2 47,000 5,942 1,143 Unreported 4,109 2.9 3,609 2,531 878 Age 24 or younger 15,834 2.5 17,166 2,761 1,084 25 to 64 41,746 4.3 44,555 4,588 1,067 65 and over 6,925 3.0 6,236 2,705 901 Unreported 1,538 3.8 1,702 4,222 1,107 Gender Male 34,818 3.9 34,371 3,845 987 Female 31,225 3.2 35,288 3,639 1,130 * Based on Census estimates, 2001 New York population was approximately 18,636 thousand persons. ** Number of person-trips includes all trips, to domestic as well as foreign destinations, 100 miles or more one-way (in adjusted-gcd), taken by New Yorkers in 2001. B.1

Table B.2 Long-Distance Travel Made by New York Residents Categorized by Business vs. Non-Business 2001 Person trips (thousand) Non- Business Business Miles (million) Non- Business Business Miles per trip Non- Business Business All New Yorkers 10,538 55,485 14,511 55,046 1,377 992 Means of transportation Personal use vehicle 5,908 42,295 3,523 20,024 596 473 Commercial Airplane 3,817 8,158 10,566 32,150 2,768 3,941 Intercity Bus 24 902 9 636 363 705 Train 451 1,167 166 783 367 671 Other 328 2,961 244 1,453 744 491 Unreported 10 1 3 0 277 347 Party Size 1 5,805 8,360 7,459 11,521 1,285 1,378 2 2,951 18,937 3,927 16,114 1,331 851 3 764 10,038 1,813 10,573 2,371 1,053 4 300 9,528 493 6,481 1,643 680 5+ 718 8,621 820 10,356 1,142 1,201 Income Less than $25,000 351 6,423 693 5,989 1,977 932 $25,000 to $49,999 1,646 12,384 1,580 10,786 960 871 $50,000 or more 8,011 33,101 11,702 35,201 1,461 1,063 Unreported 531 3,577 535 3,069 1,009 858 Age 24 or younger 590 15,244 541 16,625 917 1,091 25 to 64 9,195 32,543 12,581 31,968 1,368 982 65 and over 496 6,418 688 5,452 1,388 850 Unreported 258 1,280 702 1,001 2,716 782 Gender Male 7,731 27,069 10,501 23,771 1,358 878 Female 2,808 28,415 4,010 31,274 1,428 1,101 * Number of person-trips includes all trips, to domestic as well as foreign destinations, 100 miles or more one-way (in adjusted-gcd), taken by New Yorkers in 2001. ** Non-business estimates do not include trips and miles with an unreported trip purpose. B.2

Table B.3 Number of Nights New Yorkers Spent on Trip by Main Purpose (Business vs. Non-Business) Domestic Trips (thousand person trips) International Trips (thousand person trips) Number of Nights Business Non- Business All Business Non- Business All 0 2,715 10,736 13,453 55 279 334 1 1,334 8,134 9,469 55 380 435 2 1,401 8,590 9,998 146 472 618 3 557 5,163 5,719 78 240 318 4 721 3,093 3,814 54 328 382 5 298 1,723 2,021 110 188 298 6 nights or more 686 6600 7285 279 2159 2451 Unreported 1,976 7,208 9,183 73 184 257 TOTAL 9,687 51,247 60,942 852 4,230 5,093 MEAN NIGHTS 2.49 3.92 3.71 6.28 9.17 8.71 * All person-trips are in thousands. ** Totals may include some unreported characteristics. B.3

Table B.4 Where Did New Yorkers Go in 2001 and What has Changed Since 1995? State 2001 NHTS person-trips 2001 NHTS Percent (%) State 2001 NHTS person-trips 2001 NHTS Percent (%) Alabama 169 0.28 Montana 17 0.03 Alaska 16 0.03 Nebraska 80 0.13 Arizona 213 0.35 Nevada 389 0.64 Arkansas 76 0.12 New Hampshire 787 1.29 California 790 1.30 New Jersey 4,866 7.98 Colorado 270 0.44 New Mexico 22 0.04 Connecticut 2,007 3.29 New York 21,364 35.06 Delaware 427 0.70 North Carolina 1,142 1.87 District of Columbia 858 1.41 North Dakota 10 0.02 Florida 3,083 5.06 Ohio 945 1.55 Georgia 661 1.08 Oklahoma 29 0.05 Hawaii 97 0.16 Oregon 22 0.04 Idaho 52 0.09 Pennsylvania 8,355 13.71 Illinois 392 0.64 Rhode Island 791 1.30 Indiana 174 0.29 South Carolina 515 0.85 Iowa 276 0.45 South Dakota 20 0.03 Kansas 43 0.07 Tennessee 164 0.27 Kentucky 99 0.16 Texas 407 0.67 Louisiana 127 0.21 Utah 89 0.15 Maine 535 0.88 Vermont 1,167 1.91 Maryland 1,721 2.82 Virginia 1,723 2.83 Massachusetts 4,951 8.12 Washington 108 0.18 Michigan 295 0.48 West Virginia 43 0.07 Minnesota 165 0.27 Wisconsin 238 0.39 Mississippi 46 0.08 Wyoming 13 0.02 Missouri 91 0.15 Total US 60,940 100.00 * All person-trips are in thousands. Trips made by NYS residents to foreign countries are excluded. B.4

Table B.4 (continued) Where Did New Yorkers Go in 2001 and What has Changed Since 1995? State 1995 ATS person-trips 1995 ATS Percent (%) State 1995 ATS person-trips 1995 ATS Percent (%) Alabama 114 0.25 Montana 0 0.00 Alaska 41 0.09 Nebraska 24 0.05 Arizona 189 0.41 Nevada 449 0.98 Arkansas 0 0.00 New Hampshire 481 1.05 California 844 1.84 New Jersey 2,955 6.43 Colorado 122 0.27 New Mexico 132 0.29 Connecticut 1,386 3.02 New York 15,983 34.79 District of Columbia 1,070 2.33 North Carolina 840 1.83 Delaware 497 1.08 North Dakota 0 0.00 Florida 3,129 6.81 Ohio 983 2.14 Georgia 438 0.95 Oklahoma 66 0.14 Hawaii 95 0.21 Oregon 31 0.07 Idaho 0 0.00 Pennsylvania 4,802 10.45 Illinois 360 0.78 Rhode Island 414 0.90 Indiana 144 0.31 South Carolina 659 1.43 Iowa 34 0.07 South Dakota 0 0.00 Kansas 47 0.10 Tennessee 61 0.13 Kentucky 52 0.11 Texas 647 1.41 Louisiana 173 0.38 Utah 90 0.20 Maine 643 1.40 Vermont 1,198 2.61 Maryland 1,103 2.40 Virginia 1,321 2.88 Massachusetts 3,418 7.44 Washington 98 0.21 Michigan 310 0.67 West Virginia 52 0.11 Minnesota 108 0.24 Wisconsin 110 0.24 Mississippi 35 0.08 Wyoming 11 0.02 Missouri 183 0.40 Total US 45,942 100.00 * All person-trips are in thousands. Trips made by NYS residents to foreign countries are excluded. B.5

Table B.5 Long-Distance Travel by Visitors to New York State Categorized by Business vs. Non-Business 2001 Persontrips (thousand) Trips per person Miles (million) Miles per person Miles per trip All New Yorkers 38,880 0.15 34,918 135 898 Means of transportation Personal use vehicle 27,879 0.11 14,215 55 510 Commercial Airplane 6,622 0.03 17,378 67 2,624 Train 2,086 0.01 1,354 5 649 Other 2,293 0.01 1,971 8 859 Main purpose Business 11,587 0.04 10,770 42 930 Personal family business 5,409 0.02 3,731 14 690 Leisure 9,024 0.03 9,711 38 1,076 Visit friends or relatives 12,834 0.05 10,684 41 832 Other 26 0.00 22 0 827 Income Less than $25,000 2,872 0.05 2,125 39 740 $25,000 to $49,999 11,998 0.15 8,408 107 701 $50,000 or more 21,682 0.20 22,086 202 1,019 Unreported 2,328 0.14 2,298 140 987 Age 24 or younger 11,155 0.12 10,368 116 929 25 to 64 25,534 0.19 23,033 171 902 65 and over 1,507 0.05 1,344 44 892 Unreported 685 0.17 172 43 252 Gender Male 21,051 0.17 17,861 141 848 Female 17,829 0.13 17,056 129 957 * Number of person-trips includes all trips 100 miles or more one-way (in adjusted-gcd), taken by visitors to New York in 2001. ** Non-business estimates do not include trips and miles with an unreported trip purpose. B.6

Table B.6 Summary Statistics of Long-Distance Travel by Visitors to New York State, 2001 Person trips (thousand) Miles (,million) Miles per trip Non- Non- Non- Business Business Business Business Business Business New York Visitors 11,587 27,293 10,770 24,148 930 885 Means of transportation Personal use vehicle 7,838 20,041 3,427 10,788 437 538 Commercial Airplane 2,636 3,986 6,701 10,677 2,543 2,678 Train 982 1,104 424 930 432 842 Other 131 2162 219 1,752 1665 811 Party Size 1 7,771 3,463 6,108 4,017 786 1,160 2 1,673 6,611 3,038 5,176 1,816 783 3 1,477 5,089 913 2,939 618 578 4 395 5,584 364 3,662 922 656 5+ 271 6,546 347 8,353 1,281 1,276 Income Less than $25,000 56 2,815 20 2,104 358 747 $25,000 to $49,999 5,409 6,589 3,001 5,407 555 821 $50,000 or more 5,566 16,116 6,889 15,197 1,238 943 Unreported 555 1,773 859 1,439 1,547 812 Age 24 or younger 593 10,561 779 9,589 1,313 908 25 to 64 10,492 15,041 9,811 13,222 935 879 65 and over 203 1,304 108 1,237 532 948 Unreported 299 387 73 100 243 258 Gender Male 8,372 12,679 6,567 11,294 784 891 Female 3,214 14,615 4,203 12,853 1,307 879 * Based on Census estimates, total U.S. population in 2001 was about 277,203 thousand persons. ** Statistics based on 2001 NHTS estimates on all people who visited NYS, including NYS residents but excluding visitors not living in the United States. B.7

Table B.7 Number of Nights Visitors to New York Spent on Trip by Main Purpose (Business vs. Non-Business) Business (thousand person trips) Non-Business (thousand person trips) All (thousand person trips) Number of Nights 0 6,371 5,558 11,930 1 1,658 4,082 5,740 2 1,423 7,006 8,428 3 662 2,838 3,500 4 535 2,625 3,160 5 357 1,013 1,370 6 nights or more 581 4,172 4,752 TOTAL 11,587 27,293 38,880 MEAN NIGHTS 1.3615 3.2368 2.6780 * All person-trips are in thousands. ** Totals may include some unreported characteristics. B.8