Design and Deployment of Voice

Design and Deployment of Voice Over Wireless LAN BRKAGG-2013 Presentation_ID 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1

Session Objectives VoWLAN Solutions Explain Channel Utilization and effect on call quality RF design Roaming Capacity planning QOS Wireless Controller Service VoWLAN configuration Audit VoWLAN Metric Reporting Voice Readiness Heat Map Wired and Wireless essentials 2

VoWLAN Solutions Communication 3

Agenda Mobile Intelligent Roaming Unlicensed Mobile Access WiFi Calling Dual Mode Phones WiFi ONLY Phones Push to Talk solutions 4

Mobile Intelligent Roaming Solution Components Cisco Pervasive Voice Ready WLAN Mobility Services Engine with Mobile Intelligent Roaming SW Unified Wireless Network Si MSE Service Provider Network PBX vendor IP PBX with Single Number Reach Unified Communications Network VoIP TDM Device Partners Dual Mode Devices with Client Software Gateway Partners Mobile Gateway (optional) Open Partner Integration MG 5

Enhanced Mobility from Cisco and Varaha Varaha Networks to Integrate with the Cisco Mobile Intelligent Roaming Open API to Enable Seamless Handoff for Mobile UC Users Mobile Intelligent Roaming Cisco and Varaha Offer: Enterprise owned solution with simple automated centralized configuration Network intelligence that leverages Enterprise WLAN visibility ibilit Compatibility with leading IP-PBX systems Voice and data mobility across home, cellular public and enterprise networks Solution based on Cisco Unified Wireless Network, Varaha umobility Router and Software Client Client and cellular/home network intelligence to unify disparate networks Administrator and user-defined policies for roaming and unified communication Application ns Mobility Services Netwo ork Acces ss Device e Messaging IP-PBX Open API Mobility Services Engine Si Unified Wireless Network Wi-Fi Unified Mobility Client Conferencing Varaha umobility Mobility Router Mobile Intelligent Roaming Software umobility Client SW Presence Carrier Voice 6

Varaha Solution Architecture oundation enables the Applications A strong F Applica ations Netwo ork Abstrac ction Mob bile Netw orks Mobile Voice & Mobile PBX End to End Secure Remote Voice Mobile Presence and IM Cisco Mobile Intelligent Roaming MIR Triggered Handover PTT & Alert- Messaging APIs umobility Clean Client Mobile Video and Telepresence Completely invisible and Cisco Integrated Solution Cisco Mobility Services Engine Enterprise Home Public Cellular 3G Cell WiMAX 3GPP LTE Enterprise/Private Networks Public Networks 7

Portal Group What is a Portal Group? At Every Exit/Entry t Point Client Accessible Access Point Points Tracking Optimized Monitor Mode (TOMM) Access Point TOMM AP 8

Configure Mobile Intelligent Roaming Select MIR as the Mobility Service within MSE Create Portal Groups In Cisco WCS, click Mobility > Mobility Services 9

Mobile Intelligent Roaming Cisco CallManager Enterprise Network Carrier Domain Varaha umobility Server S I P Collapsed Core/Distribution/ Access V Voice Gateway POTS Cellular MSE TOMM AP TOMM AP Building A Mobile Device running the Varaha umobility Client Building B 10

A New Way of Looking at Networks and Coverage Unlimited Wi-Fi Calling is an exclusive service from T-Mobile that leverages UMA technology to deliver unlimited nationwide Wi-Fi calling and great coverage for a mobile workforce Cellular Radio Access Network (RAN) Private Network UMA is an IP extension of T-Mobile s GSM/EDGE network Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) UMA-Enabled, Dual-mode Handset Base Station Controller (BSC) Core Mobile Network Uses all of the GSM/EDGE protocols (above the radio layer) with minimal modifications Unlicensed Mobile Access Network (UMAN) IP Access Network Uses the Internet as a transport medium Unlicensed Wireless Network (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.) UMA Network Controller (UNC) 11

BlackBerry Mobile Voice System Immediate Reachability One phone number, One voicemail Faster Collaboration Key Call Features: Transfer, Hold, Voicemail, Call Blocking Mobile Telecom Administration Converge telecom infrastructure Multi-Vendor, TDM, IP, SIP MVS with Wi-Fi Calling reduces cellular minutes of usage, can eliminate international roaming charges and provides least cost routing. Single Enterprise Voice Identity 12

Data/Voice Paths Dual-Mode Phone is on Wi-Fi BlackBerry Enterprise Server Corporate Firewall UMA Network Controller Data Internet Wi-Fi Access Point Data Path Voice Path UMA Call MVS Server Voice Core Mobile Network Mobile Radio Access Network BlackBerry smartphone Telephone Network Desk phone PBX 13

Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) Challenges: Inbound packets have no QoS tagging interface GigabitEthernet0/0! description OUTSIDE ip policy route-map UMA access-list 100 permit udp any eq non500-isakmp any! route-map UMA permit 10 match ip address 100 set ip precedence internet Firewall Policies must be in place Access-list 150 permit udp 208.54.0.0 255.255.0.0 any eq isakmp (SetUP) Access-list 150 permit udp 108.54.0.0 255.255.0.0 any eq non500-isakmp (Traffic) Access-list 150 deny ip any any (example) 14

The Dual Mode Mobility Device Can Provide employees with a single business number, single voicemail on a single mobile device Extends corporate PBX services to mobile devices Provides customers with a single number to reach employees increasing enterprise control Minimizes Cellular network expense Improves Call Quality where Cellular coverage is poor or non-existent 1 On-the-Go Worker 1 Email Mobile Voice/ Mobile VOIP VoIP Voicemaill 3 Home Office Worker SMS/MMS Video Call Contacts Internet 2 Home Office Worker Calendar Files/Content Conferencing Device Management Presence/IM 4 15

Voice Ready Network Design 16

Readiness Reporting Inspect VoWLAN Readiness Voice readiness tool (the VoWLAN Readiness tool) allows you to check the RF coverage to see if it is sufficient for your voice needs. This tool verifies received signal strength indication (RSSI) levels after access points have been installed. To access the VoWLAN Readiness Tool (VRT), follow these steps: Choose Monitor > Maps. Select the applicable floor area name. From the Select a command drop-down menu, click Inspect VoWLAN Readiness. Select the applicable Band, AP Transmit Power, and Client parameters from the drop-down menus. Note By default the region map displays the region map for b/g/n band for Cisco Phone based RSSI threshold. The new settings cannot be saved. Depending on the selected client, the RSSI values may not be editable. Cisco Phone RSSI values are not editable. Custom RSSI values are editable with the following ranges: Low threshold between -95dBm to -45dBm High threshold between -90dBm to -40dBm The following color schemes indicate whether or not the area is Voice Ready: Green Yes Yellow Marginal Red No 17

Select a Command Planning Mode Inspect VoWLAN Readiness 18

WCS VoWLAN if Not Ready 19

The Voice Readiness Map @ Defaults 20

Comparison This mapping was done solely on default which is signal prorogation formula 21

WCS Floor Maps Can be Edited and Calibrated 22

A CCXv2 Client is Used for the Walk About CCX is the Cisco Compatible Extensions Program 23

WCS Reporting 24

The Reports Available on the WCS 25

WCS Voice Statistics of CAC Enabled Clients 26

WCS Client Reports - Phone Client Count 27

The Client Count Report Sample 28

Traffic System Metrics by AP Build Similar report can be run from client reporting 29

WCS Call Traffic System Metrics Report A coverage design goal is to have < 1% PER To Get uplink statistics the client needs to be CCXv4 The same report can be run from client reports 30

WCS Monitor->Client 31

WCS Client List Page (Split) 32

WCS -> Link Test -> 00:1A:A1:92:5D:FB A similar Link Test is on the WLC 33

RF Channel Stability RED is 11a and BLUE in 11b/g 34

RF Matters Too Much Going On? 35

Channel Utilization What Made the Difference? What made this dramatic change? Before 5% After 36

When 11a - CAC Configured @ Defaults ADDTS Refused at a 34.77% CU, Throughput 7.4Mbps The data rates of 6,9,12 were disabled this 24 calls on 1 AP 37

Adding Rates 6,9,12 Dropped the Throughput from 7.4Mbps to 3.2Mbps With data rates of 6,9 enabled 80% of the packets are sent a those rates 38

Receiver Sensitivity Example for 2.4GHz Direct Sequence Indication of the ability of the receiver to decode the desired signal The minimum received signal level, in the absence of interference, at which the desired signal can be decoded with a particular Bit Error Rate (BER) Typically expressed in dbm The more negative the value, the better Function of the data rate: the higher the data rate, the higher the receiver sensitivity required -87 dbm -90 dbm -92 dbm -94 dbm -98 dbm Receiver Sensitivity @ 11 Mbps Receiver Sensitivity @ 5.5 Mbps Receiver Sensitivity @ 2 Mbps Receiver Sensitivity @ 1 Mbps Receiver Noise Floor (Will Vary for Each Environment) 39

Noise, Interference, and Utilization via WLC RX Utilization 36 TX Utilization 7 Channel Utilization 96 40

Spectrum Expert Channel Utilization Updated d every 20 seconds 41

The Data Rate Influence on CAC Bandwidth Lower data rate packets are on the air longer Lower data rate packets have a larger transmit coverage area Lower data rate packets are received by more clients and AP s than higher data rate packets When there are retries subsequent packets are sent at a lower data rate until the lowest configured data rate is reached When there are a lot of retries in a cell the higher data rates are abandoned Lower data rates lower call capacity and increase the size of the collision domain 42

The Data Rate Influence on CAC Bandwidth (Cont.) It s recommended that the denser the deployment of AP s the higher the first required and enable data rate is set at. If the AP deployment is not dense the lower data maybe necessary to provide coverage. With the G711 codec and the overhead of the 802.11 protocol the cell throughput does not increase at data rates above 24Mbps Note on default data rates: for 2.4GHz 802.11 are 1 & 2Mbps for 2.4GHz 802.11b are 5.5 & 11Mbps for 2.4GHz 24GH 80211 802.11g are 691218243648&56Mb 6,9,12,18,24,36,48 56Mbps for 5GHz 802.11a are 6,9,12,18,24,36,48 & 56Mbps 43

What Contributes to Channel Utilization Co-channel transmissions from nearby APs Co-channel transmissions from nearby clients Transmissions from the AP Including Beacons and Probe Responses Transmissions form the clients associated to the AP Any other transmissions from any other radio on the same frequencies as the APs channel INCLUDING: BLUETOOTH MICROWAVES 44

Different VoWLAN Clients Have Different WLAN Capabilities Clients have different WLAN modulation support Clients have different gain antennas Clients have similar but different transmit powers and receiver sensitivity values Clients have different levels of WMM QoS support Clients have different roaming algorithms These difference can increase RF level retries which will increase the utilization and lower data rates. 45

RF Coverage Design for the Client 46

WLAN Coverage Considerations The AP coverage design needs to be done to match the performance of the clients and the applications they run Determine the RF coverage of all the clients that are going to be used in the WLAN Use data sheets to find the clients antenna gain Use data sheets to find data rates and receiver sensitivity Use data sheets to find channels and transmit powers Determine what other applications and clients share the WLAN Determine what interferers share the WLAN 47

Data Rate Cell Size Call Count Comparisons 6 9 Mbps 802.11a/g/n Max Call Count 12-24 Mbps 802.11a/g/n 36 54 Mbps 802.11a/g/n 48

Ideal Cell Size and Channel Separation VoWLAN cell edge designs for 2.4GHz and 5GHz 802.11 b/g/n The RADIUS of the cell should be: 67 dbm The separation of same channel cells should be: 19 dbm Channel 1 802.11 a/n Channel 11 Channel 6 The RADIUS of the cell should be: 72 dbm -67 dbm -86 dbm The separation of same channel cells should be: 19 dbm Channel 36 Channel 40 Channel 44-72dBm -91dBm 49

High Density Deployment High Density 5GHz office deployment 5GHz does not have the overlap or collision domain issues of 2.4GHz. 12 AP s on 1 floor 36 48 60 100 132 149 116 64 52 44 104 36 50

High Density Cells Provide Higher Number of Available Calls in a Given Office Space In a floor space this small with this many 2.4GHz APs data rates and transmit powers would have to be managed to achieve > 20 802.11b calls per channel. 51

Aggregate and Per-User Throughput 802.11, like Ethernet, is a shared medium Aggregate throughput is the total bandwidth shared by all users in a cell Generally, the larger the cell, the more users in the cell Greater per user throughput t means smaller cells and more access points for a given area How many users per access point? What s the aggregate throughput of the access point? On average, what amount of per user throughput do you want to provide? 52

Per-User Throughput Samples Technology Data Rate (Mbps) Aggregate g Example User Average per Throughput (Mbps) Count user Throughput 802.11b 11 6 10 600Kbps 802.11b 11 6 20 300Kbps 802.11b 11 6 30 200Kbps 802.11g 54 14 10 1.4Mbps 802.11g 54 14 20 700Kbps 802.11g 54 14 30 467Kbps 802.11a 54 25 10 2.5Mbps 802.11a 54 25 20 1.25Mbps 802.11a 54 25 30 833Kbps 53

Capacity Capacity is throughput multiplied by available, non-overlapping channels 802.11b and 802.11g operate in the same band, use the same three channels Any 802.11g capacity increase is from throughput alone 802.11a currently provides 12 to 23 channels in most of the world in 2008 While throughput might be similar to 802.11g, channels are not, neither then is capacity In theory, access points set to non-overlapping channels may be co-located to provide all available capacity in a single coverage area More commonly, it s an expression of total throughput across a network or facility 54

Capacity of 11b/g and 11a AP 55

802.11b Scalability Blue = 11Mbps Data Rate, 7Mbps Throughput Green = 11Mbps Data Rate, 7Mbps Throughputh Total Capacity = 21Mbps Red = 11Mbps Data Rate, 7Mbps Throughput What if we added 3 more AP s to this coverage area? 56

802.11b Scalability Blue = 11Mbps Data Rate, 7Mbps Throughput Green = 11Mbps Data Rate, 7Mbps Throughputh Red = 11Mbps Data Rate, 7Mbps Throughput What if we added 3 more AP s to this coverage area? 57

802.11g Scalability Blue = 54Mbps Data Rate, 23Mbps Throughput Green = 54Mbps Data Rate, 23Mbps Throughput Total Capacity = 69Mbps Red = 54Mbps Data Rate, 23Mbps Throughput 58

802.11a Scalability US has 21 Indoor Channels 54/25 Mbps 54/25 Mbps 54/25 Mbps 54/25 Mbps 54/25 Mbps 54/25 Mbps Total Bandwidth = 54/25 Mbps 1134Mbps! 54/25 Mbps What about 11n? 9-bonded channels 59

Current NA 5GHz Channels 60

WIRELESS->802.11a/n->RRM->DCA RRM Here you will remove the channels that are known to be high interferers or contain true radar signal at the site, or channels that are not supported by your clients. 61

Call Admission Control 802.11e/WMM 62

Approaches to Admission Control Admission control grants clients access on a per-wlan (SSID) basis This is typically done in one of two ways Load number of calls based on channel load TSpec based on a host of additional parameters Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) 802.1111e s Traffic Specification (TSpec) takes much more into account Clients request admission based on: traffic priority (access category), power save, mean data rate, frame sizes, minimum PHY data rate, etcetera 63

Call Admission Control (CAC) Features Description: Ensures QoS is maintained when network congestion occurs Prioritizes calls in progress over new requests for calls Triggers dynamic load balancing across multiple AP s to ensure high availability Benefit: Si Wireless LAN Controller Voice Ready Aironet Access Points Enables higher call capacity across network Ensure audio quality during peak utilization Increases system availability for voice calls 64

Larger Cells Will Provide Fewer Calls in a Given Office Space Best handled by CAC Channel 1 Channel 6 Channel 11 65

Larger Cells Will Provide Fewer Calls in a Given Office Space 66

Quality of Service (QoS) Overview Ensures packets receive the proper QoS handling end-to-end Makes sure packet will maintain QoS information as it traverses network Policing of 802.11e UP / 802.1p and IP DSCP values ensures end- points conform to network QoS policies Uses Cisco s AVVID packet marking mappings and IEEE mappings as appropriate Supported on all shipping controllers Supported on Cisco Aironet 1000, 1130, 1200, 1230, 1240, and 1500 Series lightweight access points Support for Cisco 7920/7921 as well as many 3rd party voice products 67

Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) What is WMM? It is a supplement to 802.11 MAC layer Allows Diff-Serv QoS by creating 4 priority queues, called Access Categories The access categories access the channel using a protocol called EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access), an enhancement of the existing DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) What does WMM add? Uplink frames are marked with 802.1d CoS Prioritized access for uplink traffic Admission Control Mandatory (ACM) flag allows uplink access categories to be enabled/disabled Contention-free packet bursting within the TXOP Limit (Transmission control: Transmission Opportunity) 68

802.11e / WMM Media Access Classifications Separates traffic types in to 4 QoS access categories (AC) Background, Best Effort, Video, Voice These 4 ACs also have unique delay and random back off characteristics for accessing the RF channel Applications Background Best Effort Video Voice Internal Collision Resolution 69

IEEE 802.11e WMM Access Categories Access Category Description 802.1d Tags WMM Voice Priority Highest Priority (Multiple Calls, Low Latency and Toll 7, 6 Voice Quality) WMM Video Priority Traffic Other Than Data 5, 4 WMM Best Effort Pi Priorityit Legacy Devices or Applications That Lack QoS 0, 3 Capabilities WMM Background Priority Low Priority Traffic (File Transfers, Printing) 2, 1 70

QoS Considerations for LWAPP Lightweight Access Point Protocol (LWAPP) Support for Layer 3 IP Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) marking WLAN data is tunneled between AP and WLAN controller via LWAPP To maintain the original QoS classification across this tunnel, the QoS settings of the encapsulated data packet must be appropriately mapped to the Layer 2 (802.1p) and Layer 3 (IP DSCP) fields of the outer tunnel packet. 802.1p IP Outer IP DSCP Outer LWAPP encapsulated Incoming 802.1p UP IP DSCP Inner. 71

11e and 802.1p/D to DSCP Tagging 802.1p/D UP-based Traffic Type DSCP UP 11e UP Voice 46 (EF) 6 Video 34 (AF41) 5 Voice Control 26 (AF31) 4 Background (Gold) 18 (AF21) 2 Background (Gold) 20 (AF22) 2 Background (Gold) 22 (AF23) 2 Background (Silver) 10 (AF11) 1 Background (Silver) 12 (AF12) 1 Background (Silver) 14 (AF13) 1 Best Effort 0 (BE) 0, 3 Background 2 1 72

Markings 802.11e DSCP 802.1p DSCP(LWAPP) DSCP SCCP 4 CS3 3 CS3 CS3 RTP 6 EF 5 EF EF LWAPP Encapsulated 802.11e DSCP Payload 802.1p DSCP DSCP Payload 802.1p DSCP Payload 2 1 LWAPP Tunnels Si WLAN Controller Ethernet Switch AP 3 LWAPP Encapsulated DSCP 802.1p DSCP Payload 802.11e DSCP Payload DSCP Payload 4 Markings 802.11e DSCP DSCP DSCP(LWAPP) 802.1p SCCP 4 CS3 CS3 CS3 3 RTP 6 EF EF EF 5 73

Configuration Where Wireless Meets the Road (Wired) 74

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