Current Topics in Medical Mycology 2

Current Topics in Medical Mycology 2

Editorial Board LIBERO AIELLO, Ph.D., Director, Division of Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA MARCEL BORGERS, Ph.D., Department of Life Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutica, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium GARRY T. COLE, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Botany, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA REBECCA A. Cox, Ph.D., Director, Research Immunology, San Antonio State Chest Hospital, San Antonio, Texas 78223, USA DAVID J. DRUTZ, M.D., Vice President, Biological Sciences, Smith, Kline and French Laboratories, Swedeland, Pennsylvania 19479, USA R. J. HAY, D.M., M.R.C.P., Senior Lecturer in Clinical Mycology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WCIE 7HT, United Kingdom KAZUO IWATA, M.D., Professor and Chairman, Department of Microbiology, Meiji College of Pharmacy, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154, Japan GEORGE S. KOBAYASm, Ph.D., Professor, Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA C. P. KURTZMAN, Ph.D., Research Leader, Culture Collection Research, Fermentation Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Northern Regional Research ~enter, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA THOMAS G. MITCHELL, Ph.D., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA RICHARDO NEGRONI, M.D., Professor and Director, Catedra de Microbiologica, Parasitologia e Immunologia, Centro de Micologia, Buenos Aires, Argentina ERROL REISS, Ph.D., Research Microbiologist, Division of Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA JOHN L. RICHARD, Ph.D., Research Leader, Mycoses and Mycotoxicoses, USDA-ARS, National ADimal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA

Michael R. McGinnis Editor Current Topics in Medical Mycology VOLUME 2 With 92 Illustrations Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo

Series Editor Michael R. McGinnis, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA ISSN 0177-4204 1988 by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1988 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Typeset by Asco Trade Typesetting Ltd., Hong Kong. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-8323-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3730-3 e-isbn-13: 978-1-4612-3730-3

Series Preface Current Topics in Medical Mycology, is intended to summarize current research areas in medical mycology for medical mycologists and other scientists who are working in microbiology and immunology. Topics to be included in each volume will serve as contemporary reviews, summaries of current advancements and future directions, and mechanisms to enhance the interdisciplinary use of medically important fungi in understanding pathogenesis, epidemiology, mycotoxins, taxonomy, and other areas where basic, applied, and clinical sciences are used. Michael R. McGinnis v

Contents Series Preface Contributors v ix Ultrastructural Correlates of Antimycotic Treatment MARCEL BORGERS 2 Soluble Polysaccharides of Cryptococcus neoformans ROBERT CHERNIAK 40 3 Tinea Imbricata RODERICK J. HAY 55 4 Adhesion and Association Mechanisms of Candida albicans MICHAEL J. KENNEDY 73 5 Peptide Transport in Candida albicans: Implications for the Development of Antifungal Agents FRED NAIDER and JEFFREY M. BECKER 170 6 Epidemiology of Coccidioidomycosis DEMOSTHENES PAPPAGIANIS 199 7 Immune Response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Human and Animal Hosts ANGELA RESTREPO M. 239 vii

Vlll Contents 8 Morphogenetic Transformation of Fungi MAXWELL G. SHEPHERD 278 9 Epidemiology of Nosocomial Fungal Infections DAVID J. WEBER and WILLIAM A. RUTALA 305 10 Melanins and Their Importance in Pathogenic Fungi MICHAEL H. WHEELER and ALOIS A. BELL 338 11 Cytochrome P-450 of Fungi: Primary Target for Azole Antifungal Agents Yuzo YOSHIDA 388 Index 419

Contributors JEFFREY M. BECKER, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Microbiology and Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA ALOIS A. BELL, Ph.D. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cotton Pathology Research Unit, College Station, Texas, USA MARCEL BORGERS, Ph.D. Department of Life Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium ROBERT CHERNIAK, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Microbial Biochemical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA RODERICK J. HAY, D.M., M.R.C.P. Senior Lecturer in Clinical Mycology, Department of Medical Microbiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England MICHAEL J. KENNEDY, Ph.D. Microbiology and Nutrition Research Unit, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA FRED NAIDER, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, USA IX

x Contributors DEMOSTHENES PAPPAGIANIS, M.D., Ph.D. Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA ANGELA RESTREPO M, Ph.D. Corporacion de Investigaciones Biol6gicas, Hospital Pablo Tooon Uribe, Medellin, Colombia, South America WILLIAM A. RUTALA, Ph.D., M.P.H. Research Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carslina, USA MAXWELL G. SHEPHERD, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Experimental Oral Biology and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin; New Zealand DAVID J. WEBER, M.D., M.P.H. Assistant Professor, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA MICHAEL H. WHEELER, Ph.D. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cotton Pathology Research Unit, College Station, Texas, USA Yuzo YOSHIDA, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceliltical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan