Cisco GLBP Load Balancing Options



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Data Sheet Cisco GLBP Load Balancing Options Last updated: December 2005 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this document is to discuss the options that Cisco Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) one of Cisco First Hop routing Protocols family offers in regard to load balancing across multiple gateways. For those unfamiliar with GLBP an introductory paper can be found in the reference section of this document. GLBP differs from Cisco Hot Standby Redundancy Protocol (HSRP) and IETF RFC 3768 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) in that it has the ability to load balance over multiple gateways. Like HSRP and VRRP an election occurs, but rather than a single active router winning the election GLBP elects an Active Virtual Gateway (AVG). The job of the AVG is to assign virtual MAC addresses to each of the other GLBP routers and to assign each network host to one of the GLBP routers. The routers that receive this MAC address assignment are known as Active Virtual Forwarders (AVF). LOAD BALANCING OPTIONS How network hosts are assigned to each GLBP router can be altered by using one of four load balancing options outlined below. Please note, these options are not able to be deployed concurrently. There is a negligible CPU difference in the operation of either of these options. 1. None 2. Weighted 3. Host dependent 4. Round robin NONE If no load-balance algorithm is specified then GLBP will operate in an identical fashion to HSRP, the AVG will only respond to Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) requests with its own Virtual Forwarder (VF) MAC address, and all traffic will be directed to the AVG with no occurrence of load balancing. WEIGHTED This is the ability GLBP to place a weight on each device when calculating the amount of load sharing that will occur through MAC assignment. Each GLBP router in the group will advertise its weighting and assignment; the AVG will act based on that value. For example, if there are two routers in a group and router A has double the forwarding capacity of router B, the weighting value of router A should be configured to be double the amount of router B. All contents are Copyright 1992 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Important Notices and Privacy Statement. Page 1 of 7

Example of load balancing using weighted option:! Router1#sh run int e0/0 interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.0.0 glbp 1 ip 10.0.0.10 glbp 1 weighting 160 glbp 1 load-balancing weighted end Router1# Router2#sh run int e0/0! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0 glbp 1 ip glbp 1 weighting 80 glbp 1 load-balancing weighted end Router1#sh glbp Ethernet0/0 - Group 1 State is Standby 7 state changes, last state change 00:00:59 Virtual IP address is 10.0.0.10 Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec Next hello sent in 0.528 secs Redirect time 600 sec, forwarder time-out 14400 sec Preemption disabled Active is 10.0.0.2, priority 100 (expires in 9.560 sec) Standby is local Priority 100 (default) Weighting 160 (configured 160), thresholds: lower 1, upper 160 Load balancing: weighted Group members: aabb.cc00.0100 (10.0.0.1) local aabb.cc00.0200 (10.0.0.2) There are 2 forwarders (1 active) Forwarder 1 1 state change, last state change 00:59:30 MAC address is 0007.b400.0101 (default) Owner ID is aabb.cc00.0100 Active is local, weighting 160 Forwarder 2 State is Listen Page 2 of 8

4 state changes, last state change 00:01:09 MAC address is 0007.b400.0102 (learnt) Owner ID is aabb.cc00.0200 Time to live: 14399.532 sec (maximum 14400 sec) Active is 10.0.0.2 (primary), weighting 80 (expires in 9.532 sec) Router2#sh glbp Ethernet0/0 - Group 1 2 state changes, last state change 00:30:22 Virtual IP address is 10.0.0.10 (learnt) Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec Next hello sent in 2.760 secs Redirect time 600 sec, forwarder time-out 14400 sec Preemption disabled Active is local Standby is 10.0.0.1, priority 100 (expires in 7.732 sec) Priority 100 (default) Weighting 80 (configured 80), thresholds: lower 1, upper 80 Load balancing: weighted Group members: aabb.cc00.0100 (10.0.0.1) aabb.cc00.0200 (10.0.0.2) local There are 2 forwarders (1 active) Forwarder 1 State is Listen 4 state changes, last state change 00:01:42 MAC address is 0007.b400.0101 (learnt) Owner ID is aabb.cc00.0100 Redirection enabled, 597.732 sec remaining (maximum 600 sec) Time to live: 14397.732 sec (maximum 14400 sec) Active is 10.0.0.1 (primary), weighting 160 (expires in 7.732 sec) Arp replies sent: 6 Forwarder 2 1 state change, last state change 00:59:41 MAC address is 0007.b400.0102 (default) Owner ID is aabb.cc00.0200 Redirection enabled Active is local, weighting 80 Arp replies sent: 3 Page 3 of 8

HOST DEPENDENT The MAC address of a host is used to determine which VF MAC address the host is directed towards. This ensures that a host will be guaranteed to use the same virtual MAC address as long as the number of VFs in the GLBP group is constant. Host dependent load balancing will need to be used when using statefull Network Address Translation (NAT) because it requires each host to be returned the same virtual MAC address each time it sends an ARP request for the virtual IP address. Host dependent load balancing is not recommended for situations where there are a small number of end hosts, for example less than 20, unless there is also a requirement that individual hosts must always use the same forwarder. The larger the number of host, the less likely it is to have an imbalance in distribution across forwarders. This method uses an algorithm designed to equally distribute hosts among forwarders, this distribution changes only when the number for forwarders permanently changes. Router2# Router2#sh run int e0/0! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0 glbp 1 ip 10.0.0.10 glbp 1 load-balancing host-dependent end Router1#sh run int e0/0 interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.0.0 glbp 1 ip 10.0.0.10 glbp 1 load-balancing host-dependent end Router2#sh glbp Ethernet0/0 - Group 1 2 state changes, last state change 00:11:54 Virtual IP address is 10.0.0.10 Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec Next hello sent in 1.372 secs Redirect time 600 sec, forwarder time-out 14400 sec Preemption disabled Active is local Standby is 10.0.0.1, priority 100 (expires in 7.344 sec) Priority 100 (default) Weighting 100 (default 100), thresholds: lower 1, upper 100 Load balancing: host-dependent There are 2 forwarders (1 active) Page 4 of 8

Forwarder 1 State is Listen 2 state changes, last state change 00:11:24 MAC address is 0007.b400.0101 (learnt) Owner ID is aabb.cc00.5a00 Redirection enabled, 597.344 sec remaining (maximum 600 sec) Time to live: 14397.344 sec (maximum 14400 sec) Active is 10.0.0.1 (primary), weighting 100 (expires in 7.344 sec) Forwarder 2 1 state change, last state change 00:51:56 MAC address is 0007.b400.0102 (default) Owner ID is aabb.cc00.5b00 Redirection enabled Active is local, weighting 100 Router2# Router1#sh glbp Ethernet0/0 - Group 1 State is Standby 4 state changes, last state change 00:12:57 Virtual IP address is 10.0.0.10 Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec Next hello sent in 1.964 secs Redirect time 600 sec, forwarder time-out 14400 sec Preemption disabled Active is 10.0.0.2, priority 100 (expires in 9.984 sec) Standby is local Priority 100 (default) Weighting 100 (default 100), thresholds: lower 1, upper 100 Load balancing: host-dependent There are 2 forwarders (1 active) Forwarder 1 3 state changes, last state change 00:12:47 MAC address is 0007.b400.0101 (default) Owner ID is aabb.cc00.5a00 Active is local, weighting 100 Forwarder 2 State is Listen MAC address is 0007.b400.0102 (learnt) Owner ID is aabb.cc00.5b00 Time to live: 14397.864 sec (maximum 14400 sec) Page 5 of 8

Active is 10.0.0.2 (primary), weighting 100 (expires in 7.864 sec) Router1# ROUND ROBIN With Round Robin each VF MAC address is used sequentially in ARP replies for the virtual IP address. Round Robin load balancing is suitable for any number of end hosts. REQUIRED CISCO IOS SOFTWARE VERSION The GLBP load balancing discussed in this document has been available since the first release of GLBP, supported in the following versions: Cisco IOS Software Release 12.2(14)S Release 12.2(27)SBC1 Release 12.2(18)SXD on the Cisco Catalyst 6500 and 7600 Series Switches Releases 12.2(15)T, 12.3M, 12.3T, 12.4M and 12.4T For specific image information please check online with feature navigator, http://www.cisco.com/go/fn SUMMARY Host Dependent is required when an application requires traffic flows to be tracked (for example when using NAT). Round Robin is recommended as the default, it is suitable for all other requirements. Weighted can be used if there are disparities in the capabilities of gateways in the GLBP group. None provides no load balancing. Page 6 of 8

REFERENCES Cisco IOS IP Services http://www.cisco.com/en/us/products/ps6600/products_ios_protocol_group_home.html GLBP Protocol Overview http://www.cisco.com/en/us/products/ps6600/prod_presentation0900aecd801790a3.html Cisco IOS GLBP Documentation http://www.cisco.com/en/us/products/ps6350/products_configuration_guide_chapter09186a008042fb97.html Cisco IOS High Availability http://www.cisco.com/en/us/products/ps6550/products_ios_technology_home.html Corporate Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 526-4100 European Headquarters Cisco Systems International BV Haarlerbergpark Haarlerbergweg 13-19 1101 CH Amsterdam The Netherlands www-europe.cisco.com Tel: 31 0 20 357 1000 Fax: 31 0 20 357 1100 Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-7660 Fax: 408 527-0883 Asia Pacific Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 168 Robinson Road #28-01 Capital Tower Singapore 068912 www.cisco.com Tel: +65 6317 7777 Fax: +65 6317 7799 Cisco Systems has more than 200 offices in the following countries and regions. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco Website at www.cisco.com/go/offices. Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China PRC Colombia Costa Rica Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dubai, UAE Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong SAR Hungary India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Malaysia Mexico The Netherlands New Zealand Norway Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Scotland Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States Venezuela Vietnam Zimbabwe Copyright 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CCSP, CCVP, the Cisco Square Bridge logo, Follow Me Browsing, and StackWise are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play, and Learn, and iquick Study are service marks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; and Access Registrar, Aironet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCIP, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo, Cisco IOS, Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Cisco Unity, Empowering the Internet Generation, Enterprise/Solver, EtherChannel, EtherFast, EtherSwitch, Fast Step, FormShare, GigaDrive, GigaStack, HomeLink, Internet Quotient, IOS, IP/TV, iq Expertise, the iq logo, iq Net Readiness Scorecard, LightStream, Linksys, MeetingPlace, MGX, the Networkers logo, Networking Academy, Network Registrar, Packet, PIX, Post- Routing, Pre-Routing, ProConnect, RateMUX, ScriptShare, SlideCast, SMARTnet, StrataView Plus, TeleRouter, The Fastest Way to Increase Your Internet Quotient, and TransPath are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and certain other countries. All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Website are the 2005 property Cisco of Systems, their respective Inc. owners. All rights The use reserved. of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. Important (0502R) notices, privacy statements, and trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. can be found on cisco.com. 205393.BE_ETMG_PI_12.05 Page 7 of 8 Printed in the USA

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