RPAS-EASA update Eric Sivel, Innovation and Research Programme Manager EUROCAE, WG-73, 12 February, 2015
Present EASA remit to set the scene The Agency is competent for drones with an MTOM above 150 kg (annex II (i)) that are not used for: Military, customs, police, search and rescue, firefighting, coastguard or similar activity or services (article 2 basic regulation) Specifically designed or modified for research, experimental or scientific purpose to be produced in very limited numbers Policy E.Y013-01: interim solution Shall be used by the Agency's staff when certificating UAS. Represents a first step in the development of comprehensive civil UAS regulation may be regarded as providing guidance to Part--21 This policy statement is therefore an interim solution. 2
What is in preparation? Fast developing activity in particular small UAS with multiple applications: In EASA countries: 2495 operators and 114 RPAS manufacturers. Very small to small RPAS with a maximum take-off mass (MTOM) below 150kg. 16 Countries have rules, 11 are preparing rules but they are not harmonised Wide range of machines from micro RPAS to High Altitude Long Endurance, rotorcraft, airships Use of new technologies (e.g. high level of automation, sense and avoid, electrical propulsion, unusual configurations, cooperative operations) Quite often developed by SME and universities Adapted regulations to be developed in an international context (JARUS/ ICAO) Technology may have spin-off for other aviation applications notably GA 3
Background and Objectives Commission communication Performance based approach Use of JARUS Role of EASA 5
Conclusions of the October Council of Ministers Preliminary discussion on a European RPAS policy following the Commission communication: (1) on the overall objective of integration of RPAS into the aviation system; consensus that RPAS need to be integrated in the European airspace (2) on the substance of the future regulation and how to keep rules proportionate to risk; and All interventions favoured a common level playing field with harmonized rules (3) on safety, security, privacy and data protection challenges. concerns of citizens with regard to these issues are very important but can be managed within the existing regulatory framework at the national level 6
RPAS Regulatory System Standard Bodies ICAO UAS SARPS EASA BR Essential Requirements JARUS Standards EASA RPAS Safety Objectives Part21, Part FCL, CS-XX Book1 EASA Technical Standards CS-Book2/OPS/FCL/ORG/C2/D&A MOPS MASPS 7
JARUS: RPAS Operation Categorisation OPEN SPECIFIC REGULATED Airworthiness Nothing Risk mitigation Certificates (TC, CofA) Licensing Nothing Specific Training Licence Organisations None Industry attestation Approval (ROC, etc.) C2 Nothing Specific Demonstrations Certified (ETSO?) D&A Nothing Industry attestation Certified (ETSO?) 8
Operator Authorisation Operator Manufacturer Simplest Operation NAA Risk Assessment ROC Risk Assessment EASA Certification Operation w/o specific Authorisation Qualification according ConOPS Categorisation EASA TC or ETSO(?) Approval Operator Authorisation with specific limitations 9
JARUS Members Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Canada Czech Republic Colombia Denmark EASA Eurocontrol Finland France Germany Great Britain Greece Ireland Israel Italy Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Russia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland United States of America 10
JARUS Organisation and Update Chairman: E Sivel (EASA) Vice-Chair: Chris Swidler (FAA) Secretariat provided by EUROCONTROL and FAA JARUS working groups: WG 1: Licencing and OPS: JARUS-FCL in preparation WG 2: Organisations : group is reviewing comments received WG 3: Airworthiness: CS-LURS published WG 4: Detect and Avoid WG 5: Command and Control: CPDLC was consulted this summer WG 6: AMC 1309: consultation led to many comments WG 7: Categorisation/ proportionality: proposals for classification of RPAS expected by Q1/15 11
EASA Certification One section of the General Aviation Department responsible of the certification of RPAS, together with the certification of other aircraft types 2 application is being handled now; 4 in the pipeline Considering for the future that Design Approvals could range from Industry certificates to TC/ RTC issued by the Authority depending on the risk and complexity of the operation. 12
Recent activities Implementation group: 28/11/2014 The main objective is to better organize and synchronize the efforts in Europe regarding the overall RPAS integration Present membership: EC (MOVE and GROWTH); EUROCONTROL, EASA, JARUS, SESAR, EDA, EUROCAE, Industry, UVS 13
Recent activities ICAO RPAS panel: 17-21/11/2014 FAA Chair, CAA-UK vice Chair EASA tasked to develop draft OPS and LIC Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) in time for the June 2015 ICAO RPAS panel December 2015: next ICAO panel ICAO RPAS symposium on 23-27 March: EASA will join 14
Commission mandate to EASA EASA's expert input for the on-going impact assessment on RPAS integration EASA advice as to which amendments should be made to the Basic Regulation in the context of its overall revision in order to make room for future specific rulemaking on RPAS. High level conference on RPAS March 5/6: expectation is that conference will agree on a document which sets out the basic principles of RPAS regulation in all fields: safety, security, privacy, environment, liability: EASA to develop the essence of the RPAS risk classification scheme, which translates the idea of a proportional approach to regulation. 15
Challenges Resistance to Re-focus JARUS Industry participation in JARUS Availability of budget and resources Need to obtain buy in from all involved parties Strong expectations from stakeholders and applicants New problems like privacy, cyber-security, enforcement, data from military partners, 16
Short term action plan Define a concept of operation and RPAS principles Proper RPAS regulatory segmentation Establish a corresponding regulatory structure Review the flows and rationalise to accelerate implementation of the RPAS strategy. Continue to update detailed planning to take into account streamlining of flows. EASA proposals for regulatory framework by March 2015 JARUS proposals for classification of RPAS by Q1/15 Issue NPA/ guidelines on the smallest RPAS by the end of Q2/15 17
Conclusions EASA Main actions: ICAO participation JARUS re-organisation and re-focus Create JARUS Secretariat & funding mechanism EXCOM has agreed in principle allocation of a budget and resources in EASA Review TOR/Composition and programme of RPAS WG Priority on regulatory framework and small RPAS Fulfil Commission s mandate Draft SARPS for OPS and LIC for ICAO Review rulemaking programme 18
Thank You for your attention