Experiences on natural gas urban transport buses Juan Angel Terrón, Dr. Ing. Engineering Director EMT Madrid, Spain DUBLIN, NOV 17, 2011 EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 1
INDEX EMT PRESENTATION CNG EVOLUTION IN EMT CNG FIGURES CNG FUTURE IN EMT NEW SANCHINARRO DEPOT EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 2
EMT: FIGURES HUMAN RESOURCES: PASSENGERS: KM: NETWORK: FUEL CONSUMPTION: AVERAGE SPEED: 8.032 employees (5.971 drivers) 431 million/year 101 million/year 213 routes - 3.890 km 10235 busstops 40 M-litres biodiesel + 16 M kg CNG 13,4 km/h Year (31-12) FLEET Diesel Biodiesel CNG Ethanol Electric transmissi on Electricity Hydrogen Fleet 2005 1789 13 165 8,3 % 20 3 1990 2006 1583 210 201 9,9 % 5 20 3 2022 2007 785 862 351 17,3 % 5 20 10 2033 2008 769 865 381 18,5 % 5 20 20 2060 2009 1.650 411 19,7 % 5 6 20 2092 2010 1.552 521 24,8 % 5 2 20 2100 2011 1.412 663 31,6 % 5 20 2100 EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 3
CNG Kick-off: First test starts in 1994. 1 bus called ECOBUS UE: THERMIE 92 Program 1 year project Refilling station Total refilling: 4 hours Partners: EMT IVECO-PEGASO GAS NATURAL EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 4
SINCE 1995 EMT HAS INTRODUCED CNG AS A REGULAR FUEL IN ITS FLEET OF BUSES BECAUSE THE FIRST TEST (ECOBUS) WAS VERY POSITIVE. CNG IS ONE OF THE CLEANEST FUELS. IT IS COMPATIBLE WITH DIESEL TECHNOLOGY. IT IS AN ALTERNATIVE TO PETROL. THERE ARE A LOT OF NATURAL RESERVES. A REGULAR SUPPLY IS ASSURED. ITS PRICE IS STABLE. THERE IS A KNOW-HOW OF NATURAL GAS. EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 5
Red doméstica de gas INITIAL CNG REFILLING STATION FOR BUSES 10 bar 10-250 bar 250 bar 250 bar 25 0 bar COMPRESSORS NOZZLES EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 6
CNG : EMT EVOLUTION CNG Bus Fleet COMPRESSION FACILITIES REFILLING STATION 1994 1 Test Plant 60 Nm 3 /h. Only for 1 bus 1995 15 1996 29 1997 32 1998 50 2001 70 2002 110 2003 125 2004 155 2005 165 2006 201 2007 351 2008 381 2009 411 2010 521 2 compressors 750 Nm 3 /h. = 1.500 Nm 3 /hour. Another compressor added 3 x 750 Nm 3 /h. = 2.250 Nm 3 /hour. Another compressor added 4 x 750 Nm 3 /h. = 3.000 Nm 3 /hour. Increase of 5 compressors of 2000 Nm 3 /hour and 300 CV. New Depot: 9 compressors of 2.500 Nm3/hour and 350 HP. Refilling structure for 20 buses Refilling structure for 20 autobuses Refilling structure for 20 buses and parking refilling points for 40 buses In lane refilling station. Refilling time: 4 min. 6 refilling points -- 4 lanes In lane refilling station. Refilling time: < 3 min. 9 refilling points -- 9 lanes EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 7
IN PARK REFILLING STATION EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 8
IN LANE REFILLING STATION EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 9
FUENCARRAL CNG INITIAL DEPOT: REFILLING CNG STATION REFILLING STATION PARKING REFILLING IN LANE REFILLING EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 10
FUENCARRAL DEPOT MAINTENANCE WORKSHOP REFILLING PLACE IN PARK REFILLING BRIDGE COMPRESSORS WASHING REFILLING STATION EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 11
REFILLING PROCESS IN LANE vs IN PARK Same operations work as with diesel buses Similar investment to in park; less investment in new buildings Fewer maintenance costs Larger energetical costs Problems in bus parking area Large investment costs, requiring major civil works Larger maintenance costs Fewer energetical costs EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 12
BUSES 1.- The main differences between CNG and diesel buses are those related to safety rules during maintenance work. 2.- In summer, with the air conditioning in service, the fuel consumption increases by 8%-10%. Some buses with a long workday are unable to finish it s daily service, so they must be changed in route. 3.- The EMT experience with CNG buses is proving positive, with few breakdowns. Their breakdown is smaller than that of diesel buses. But maintenance is more expensive than for diesel buses. date: 2010 maintenance cost /100 km breakdown ratio per 100 km CNG 41,2 1,49 DIESEL 37,3 1,57 EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 13
COST ( /100 km) COST ( /100 km) MAINTENANCE COSTS EVOLUTION 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 COSTS OLD BUSES 8-10 6-8 YEARS CNG GASOLEO The CNG buses quality has increased a lot over the recent years and, therefore, the differences between the maintenance costs of diesel buses and CNG buses has been reduced as well. COSTS NEW BUSES 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1-2 2-4 YEARS CNG GASOLEO EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 14
ECONOMICAL COMPARISON (2010) /100 km GNC Diesel % Fuel and compression costs 29 38-23,7% Maintenance Costs 41 37 10,8% CNG bottle tests 1 13,5% Bus Price Cost 43 38 13,2 % Total 114 112 1,8% EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 15
FUEL COST ( /100 KM) 60 58 50 40 38 35 29 30 20 10 0 Diesel Biodiesel B20 GNC Etanol EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 16
ENVIRONMENTAL RESULTS The fleet of CNG buses, that started with ONE bus in 1994 and nowadays is made up of SIX HUNDRED AND SIXTY THREE buses, has reduced the emission of more than SEVENTY THOUSAND TONES of pollutants during the last FIFTEEN years. This means a reduction of more than 83% of the emissions compared to diesel buses. The improvement in diesel technology has meant, in the last fifteen years, a reduction of more than the 40 % of the emissions of a 1994 diesel bus. EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 17
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE USE OF NATURAL GAS IN URBAN TRANSPORT SHOULD BE JOINED WITH A SIGNIFICANT REDUCE OF FUEL PRICE THAT COMPENSATES THE HIGHER MAINTENANCE COSTS. COMPRESED NATURAL GAS IS, AT LEAST IN THE SHORT TERM, THE MOST COMPETITVE ALTERNATIVE TO DIESEL IN EVERYTHING RELATED TO COST AND ENVIRONMENT. IN 2010 EMT MADRID, ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS IN ITS CNG BUSES, DECIDED THAT ALL NEW THERMAL ENGINES FOR NEW BUSES MUST USE CNG. THE BUSES ALSO COULD BE EITHER ELECTRICAL OR HYBRID BUSES BUT, IN THIS CASE, WITH CNG ENGINE. EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 18
ACTUALLY, THE FUTURE IS TODAY TARGET: TO REACH CNG AS FUEL IN 35 % OF FLEET IN 2012 2010: A DEPOT FOR 410 CNG BUSES HAS BEEN DESIGNED AND BUILT THE NEW REFILLING STATION IS, PROBABLY, THE FASTEST AND LARGEST IN EUROPE: 9 BUSES REFILLING SIMULTANEOUSLY IN LESS THAN 3 MIN FROM 30 BAR TO 210 BAR. MAINTENANCE WORKSHOPS WERE DESIGNED FOR BUSES WITH GASEOUS FUELS. EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 19
SANCHINARRO DEPOT Total surface area: 58,000 m 2 EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 20
SANCHINARRO DEPOT MAIN ENTRANCE REFILLING AND WASHING STATION FACILITIES BUILDING ACCESS TO 1º FLOOR REFILLING STATION PARKING FOR BUSES WORKSHOP 11,000 m 2 CARS PARKING ENTRANCE EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 21
REFILLING AND WASHING STATION BUILDING Ground Floor: 2.800 m 2 9 filling up lanes, < 3 minutes for a complete bus refilling process 9 automatic washing machines to wash a bus under 1 minute First Floor: 2.800 m 2 Machines: 9 units 350 kw Compressors 3 un. 50 kw Vacuum Machines 2 un. 1600 and 2 un. 800 kva Elec Transformers 2 Electric Generator with Power of 1.100 KVA/u. EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 22
DETAILS PLACES FOR ROOF WORKS PLACE TO DISMOUNT CNG BOTTLES CNG TOW EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 23
THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME juanangel.terron@emtmadrid.es EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTES DE MADRID, S.A. 24