Overview and Effects of Open Skies Policy Makoto Washizu Chairman, Japan International Transport Institute 鷲 頭 誠 国 際 問 題 研 究 所 所 長
Topics of Today s Seminar Impacts of international air transport on tourism Open skies from European perspective Open skies from Asian perspective Before starting these speeches brief overview of policy development of international aviation. 2
Outline History of Japanese Aviation Policy Elements of Typical Open Skies Bilaterals U.S. EU Open Skies Agreement Japan U.S. Negotiations Effects of Open Skies: Code Share Alliances, ATI and JVs Benefits of Open Skies Case Studies 3
History of Japanese Aviation Policy 1952 First Air Services Agreement (JPN US ASA) Traditional ASA called Bermuda Agreement Type 1985 Multiple designation of airlines 1990s Deregulations of air fares 2000 Abolishment of supply demand control in domestic market 2007 Asia Gateway Initiatives To create strategic international aviation network through Asia Open Skies To open up Haneda to more international flights 4
Elements of Typical Open Skies Bilaterals Open route rights Unlimited carrier designation No restrictions on capacity, frequencies or aircraft type Pricing determined by market forces Cooperative marketing arrangements like code sharing and wet leasing Liberal charter regimes etc. 5
U.S. EU Open Skies Agreement First Stage took effect on March 30, 2008. Second Stage negotiations began in May 2008 and ended in March 2010. Agreement focuses on soft rights pledges to cooperate, coordinate and confer in the future on sensitive issues like ownership. Major changes in Agreement include: Reciprocal recognition of fitness and citizenship determinations Cooperation on environmental issues like aircraft noise and carbon trading Further expansion of market access opportunities Expansion of EU carrier access to Fly America Traffic 6
Japan US Aviation Relationships 1952 Japan US Air Services Agreement Imbalance between JPN/US number of airlines and traffic rights. 1985 MOU Non incumbent carriers eg. ANA, NCA. 1998 MOU Equalized numbers of incumbent carriers. No limit of traffic rights for incumbent carriers. Restrictions for non incumbents remained. Imbalance of slot share at NRT remained. 2009 Agreement 7
Japan US Aviation Relationships Airport capacity increases in 2010. NRT : Summer 2010 the airport capacity increases from 200 thousand flights/year to 220 thousand flights/year. HND : 2010 Oct. 4 th runway will start operation. Big Bang of Aviation Policy toward 2010 Asia Gateway Initiatives NRT to strengthen its international air network. HND to promote international air services 2010 onwards : International air services can use 30 thou. flights / year for both daytime and midnight and early morning. daytime for near Asia routes and midnight and early morning for world major cities including Europe and US. 2009 Agreement Liberalized rotues, number of flights and number of airlines. Free codesharing. Simplified fare approval system. 8
Effects of Open Skies Code Share Alliances, ATI and JVs Increased Traffic Reduced Fares and Air Transport Costs Increased Economic/Job Growth 9
Transatlantic Markets, Changes in Average Fare, 1998 vs. 1996 Source: US DOT, International Aviation Developments: Global Deregulation Takes Off (First Report) (December 1999). 10
Benefits of Open Skies: Asian Case Malaysia Thailand Market Original 1969 Bermuda Bilateral liberalized over years. Increased services, frequencies and overall traffic between 2 countries. As of 2005, 1.3 million passengers traveled between the 2 countries. 370,000 due to liberalization and entry of LCCs like AirAsia. Liberalization expanded market by 37%, creating for each country more than 4,300 full time jobs and a stimulus to GDP of over US$114 million. 11
Benefits of Open Skies: Asian Case Shingapore Kuala Lumpur Market Liberalization in Dec. 2008 LCC entered into the market and the flight fare was reduced drastically from 400S$ to 100S$. The number of tourists increased 34% in 2009. 12
To open up Japanese sky to the world, to Asia. To promote open skies policy strategically with a priority on Asian countries in order to realize tourism oriented nation and to introduce new comers such as LCCs. To enhance consumers benefits through promotion of LCC. To strengthen the system to accept inbound tourists from Asian nations eg. To develop LCC terminal in the major airports.
The seminar starts NOW. 14