HEALTH ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT @UNIBO

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TABLE OF CONTENTS HEALTH ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT @UNIBO ALMA MATER STUDIORUM UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA WHY STUDYING HEALTH ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT? GOALS AND CAREER OPPORTUNITIES HEM AND EU-HEM: ONE LEARNING OFFER, DIFFERENT OPPORTUNITIES ACADEMIC CALENDAR HEM Curriculum in Health Economics and Management Laurea Magistralis in Economia e Politica Economica PROGRAMME OVERVIEW DETAILED LEARNING PLAN MOBILITY OPPORTUNITIES TUITION DEGREE ADMISSION SCHOLARSHIPS AND FUNDINGS EU-HEM European Master in Health Economics and Management PROGRAMME OVERVIEW MOBILITY TUITION DEGREE ADMISSION COURSE LISTING 1 st SEMESTER 2 nd SEMESTER 3 rd SEMESTER 4 th SEMESTER STUDYING @UNIBO LIVING COSTS: UNIBO, MCI, EUR, UIO ACCOMODATION FACULTY AND STAFF FACULTY ACADEMIC COORDINATOR PROGRAMME COORDINATOR CONTACTS 2

ALMA MATER STUDIORUM UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA The University of Bologna is considered to be the oldest university in the Western world. Its history is intertwined with that of the great names of science and literature, it is a keystone and a point of reference for European culture. Unibo today: the numbers of culture and innovation 86,014: the students who have chosen the University of Bologna, making it the most popular university in Italy. Teaching and extra-curricular activities take place in 934,000 m2 of space in the campuses of Bologna, Cesena, Forlì, Ravenna and Rimini. 11,000: (average) number of research products, 200 patents, more than 330 funded research projects (VII framework programme and other EU programmes), 7 Inter-departmental Centres for Industrial research (CIRI), 6 national technological clusters of the Ministry of Education; University and Research. 33: the Departments of the University of Bologna. 11: the Schools of the University of Bologna. 5: the Campuses of the University of Bologna. 209: Degree Programmes: 92 first cycle 3-year programmes, 105 second cycle programmes and 12 single cycle programmes. 43: International degree programmes, 21 of which are delivered in English. 51: PhD programmes, 47 specialisation schools, 64 first and second level professional master's programmes, 18 of which are international. 2,280: international students from abroad on exchange programmes and 2,033 students enrolled at UNIBO who spent a study period abroad in 2013. More than 100: projects running for internationalisation of teaching activities and capacity building. 27 new international projects approved in 2013. Increase in success rates for the presented or participated projects: from 50% in 2012 to 57% in 2013, with predominantly projects approved as coordinators (68% of presented projects). 170: agreements with companies abroad for internships, 34 Erasmus Mundus (action 2) networks running, 5 million EUR for European and extra-european mobility projects. 5,942 people: the university community of teaching and services staff. The library system offers access to 24,000 on-line journals, 152,000 e-books and 500 databases. 3.5 million: the monthly average number of accesses to the University Website System in 2013. The quality and functionality of the web services are of the highest level, according to the league tables drawn up yearly by the Censis Guide. 631,5 million EUR: the University of Bologna budget for 2013. 3

WHY STUDYING HEALTH ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT? The relevance to society of health care far exceeds the increasing economic prominence of this sector in the economy. Such a relevance calls for staff and executives in health care organizations to be aware of fundamental economic trade-offs, legal and regulatory restraints, ethical concerns affecting the organizational logic in this sector. The main challenge for public and private health care managers is to adapt to continuous changes in health systems, due to technological innovation, demographic transitions and law evolution. The ability to adapt to complex configurations like health organizations requires education and training programmes dedicated to health management professionals that consider: strong specialized knowledge; multidisciplinary perspective on problems; long-run orientation in problem analysis; international view on solutions and best practices GOALS AND CAREER OPPORTUNITIES The academic learning offer available at the School of Economics, Management and Statistics of Unibo (Unibo-EMS) aims at preparing high profile health economists, with a highly professional, specialized, multidisciplinary, forward-looking and international qualification, in order to make them hold responsibility positions in institutions and firms (national and international), in public and private research centres, in international organizations operating in the health sector. This project has to be pursued in an international collaboration that integrates, consolidated and creates opportunities of specialization in a multidisciplinary educating context. Graduates can fruitfully work out functions like: managing relations with public administrations, regulatory authorities and international organisations; fulfilling administrative duties that require economic reasoning, management skills and legal competencies; addressing executive duties in insurance and pharmaceutical companies, large hospitals and third payer institutions; providing consultancy and economic advising in health related policies; supporting strategic analysis and decision-making in health care markets; evaluating health promotion programmes and public interventions in the health care markets; developing research projects and activities in the health economic and management fields 4

HEM AND EU-HEM: ONE LEARNING OFFER, DIFFERENT OPPORTUNITIES Unibo-EMS offers two international 2 nd cycle degree programmes in this field: HEM Curriculum in Health Economics and Management, Laurea Magistralis in Economia e Politica Economica (EPELM) EU-HEM European Master in Health Economics and Management HEM is an international two year 120 ECTS programme entirely taught at Unibo-EMS, while EU-HEM is a two year 120 ECTS Joint Degree Programme, held jointly by a Consortium of Universities (University of Bologna - Unibo, University of Oslo - UiO, Erasmus University Rotterdam EUR and the Management Center Innsbruck - MCI). Both programmes share one learning offer, but they give different opportunities and different kinds of degree. Hereafter you can see a simple comparison of the two programmess to easily find your way. TUITION FEES DEGREE MOBILITY ADMISSION SCHOLARSHIP EU NON-EU ENGLISH PROFICIENCY CERTIFICATION HEM 3.050 Laurea Magistralis (Unibo) Elective B2 TOEFL, IELTS or Selfcertification ERGO Unibo action 1 & 2 EU-HEM 1.906 6.000 Joint Degree (Unibo, EUR,MCI,UiO) Compulsory C1 TOEFL 90 IELTS 6,5 Not available * Fee in the AY 2014-15 ACADEMIC CALENDAR At Unibo-EMS classes start in the Fall semester (approx. mid-september). The Spring semester begins in mid-february. Semesters are split into two sub-cycles of 5 teaching weeks each + exams period. Crash courses are usually offered before the start of each semester. 5

HEM Curriculum in Health Economics and Management Laurea Magistralis in Economia e Politica Economica 6

HEM - Curriculum in Health Economics and Management - Laurea Magistralis in Economia e Politica Economica The HEM full-time programme in Health Economics and Management is a 120 ECTS programme. It comprises 4 semesters. All classes are held in English. Attendance is mandatory. Further and updated information are available at: www.hem.unibo.it. PROGRAMME OVERVIEW Learning activities are organized according to the following plan for 120 ECTS in total. 1st semester 5 Fundamental Courses 30 ECTS 2nd semester 5 Core Courses 30 ECTS 3 Core Courses 18 ECTS 3rd semester 4th semester 2 Electives 12 ECTS 1 Professional Skill Enhancing Activity 4 ECTS Thesis 18 ECTS 1 Core Course 3 ECTS 1 Elective 5 ECTS Fundamental Courses are devoted to acquiring the fundamentals of economics, management, law, and research methods relevant to the healthcare sector. Core Courses are those shaping the advanced competencies on health economics, healthcare management, law, and research methods. Electives provide complementary advanced knowledge in special topics. Students are required to write an academic Thesis on a topic that is related to one of the subjects covered in the Core Courses. The objective of the thesis is to show that the student is able to perform scientific research individually and to report the study and its conclusions in a clear way. It likewise serves as a practice for those intending to pursue doctoral studies after their successful completion of the programme. The master thesis should be prepared under the guidance of a supervisor. A good thesis comes out from a combination of the following ingredients: hard work by the candidate on a well defined project under the expert advices of a supervisor. Hard work is student s task. While expert advice is HEM faculty responsibility. The process of defining a thesis project involves both student and supervisor. A faculty member acting as Master Thesis Coordinator will ease this process. 7

DETAILED LEARNING PLAN 1st SEMESTER 30 C - International Law and Health 6 IC - Health Economics & Management 12 Fundamentals in Health Economics 6 Fundamentals in Healthcare Management 6 IC - Research Methods in Health and Health Care 12 Statistics for healthcare 6 Econometrics 6 2nd SEMESTER 30 IC - Accounting and Management in Healthcare 12 Accounting in healthcare 6 Management Systems in Healthcare 6 IC - Regulation in Healthcare and Insurance Markets 12 Regulation in Healthcare Markets 6 Law&Economics of Healthcare Insurance Markets 6 C - The Economics of Human Resource Management in Healthcare Organization 6 3rd SEMESTER 34 IC - Health Econometrics and evaluation of health promotion programs 12 Planning and evaluation of health promotion programs 6 Health Econometrics 6 C - Legal issues in Pharmaceutical Markets 6 1 elective course (6 ECTS) in the following list 6 Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry 6 Lifestyles and Health Outcomes 6 Health Economics & Policy in Low and Middle Income Countries 6 1 course (6 ECTS) available including those not chosen above 6 Health systems 6 1 professional skills enhancing activity among the following 4 Workshop: Building empirical case studies in health economics 4 Internship 4 4th SEMESTER 26 Topics in Health Economics, Policy and Management 3 1 course (5 ECTS) available and considered relevant 5 Workshop: The labor market for EU-HEM students 5 THESIS 18 C = Course I.C = Integrated Course 1 ECTS = 5 hours teaching 8

MOBILITY OPPORTUNITIES Our students have the option to spend one semester abroad. We have dedicated agreements with the partners listed below. Credits earned there will be counted as required credit units. Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands University of Oslo, Norway Management Center Innsbruck, Austria Moreover, taking advantage of the Overseas programme, our students can spend time studying abroad in a university in 4 different continents: Europe, the Americas, Asia and Oceania. Partner universities include the University of California, University of Wisconsin, l Université de Montréal, Kansai Gaidai University, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. To find out more about the possible destinations, consult the Overseas calls and the information sheets on each university and on Unibo webpage. TUITION Students are required to pay a tuition fee of approximately 3034 per year. We levy the same fee to EU and NON-EU students. DEGREE Graduates of the programme are conferred the academic degree Laurea Magistralis in Economia e Politica Economica. The Diploma Supplement will be issued in English. ADMISSION HEM considers of great value to have multidisciplinary and multicultural classes, therefore our aim is to admit highly motivated students, even if with different background and education. We consider candidates holding BA degree irrespective of the major. The ideal candidate should have adequate knowledge in economics, management and quantitative methods. Exceptions will be considered individually after an evaluation of candidate s potential and motivation on the basis of the personal record of studies, any academic or professional experiences documented and submitted during the application process and an oral interview (via Skype). A level B2 proficiency in English is required. EMS-Unibo operates an admission process in 3 intakes following the dates listed on HEM website. There is virtually no limit in the number of places available in the HEM programme. Admission aims at identifying candidates with the right potential and motivation to successfully complete the programme. For more details about the call for application and requirements, check HEM website. 9

SCHOLARSHIPS AND FUNDINGS The University of Bologna offers study grants to deserving international students who wish to register for First Cycle, Second Cycle or Single Cycle Degree Programmes at the University of Bologna for A.Y. 2015/2016. Unibo Action 2 International students can apply for Unibo Action 2 study grants. They are assigned on the basis GRE test scores and amount to 11.000 gross. GRE test is an aptitude and skills assessment test. The test can be sat in authorised centres in various countries around the world; it is held in English. You must enrol for the test on the websites of the organisations managing the tests. The codes needed to send test scores to the University of Bologna is GRE 7850. You will find more information on application requirements in the call for application. Timing and methods: Publication of the call for application: January 2015 Presentation of applications: by 31 March 2015 Publication of results: April 2015 Warning: you must sit the GRE test by the deadline for receipt of applications.). Unibo Action 1 Students wishing to register in International Degree Programmes can apply for exemptions of university tuition fees. The exemptions are assigned according to the criteria established in the call for application for each Degree Programme. Deadline for the presentation of applications: 30th April 2015. ER.GO. Support In addition to accommodation, the Regional Authority for the Right to Higher Education in Emilia Romagna (ER.GO.) offers economic support to students through competitions. Detailed information is available on ER.GO official website. Further information on scholarships, aids and benefits, visit the Study grants and subsidies website 10

Eu-HEM European Master in Health Economics and Management 11

Eu-HEM: European Master in Health Economics and Management The European Master in Health Economics and Management is a joint degree programme held by four Partner Universities (Bologna, Rotterdam, Oslo, Innsbruck) and based on 4 semesters. Each semester grants 30 ECTS. The first semester is dedicated to the fundamentals courses following harmonised learning programmes available at all the four partner institutions. Second and third semesters are dedicated to one specialisation according to the chosen track. PROGRAMME OVERVIEW Learning activities are organized according to the following plan for 120 credits in total. 1st semester 6 Fundamental courses 30 ECTS 2nd semester Specialization 30 ECTS 3rd semester Specialization 30 ECTS 4th semester Thesis 30 ECTS Fundamental courses: the first semester is aimed at acquiring the fundamentals of economics, management, law, policy sciences and research methods relevant to the healthcare sector. The fundamental courses are offered at each of the partner universities. Specialisation: before the start of the first semester Eu-HEM students need to choose one specialisation track for the 2nd semester. Below you will see where you need to go when choosing one of the six tracks Track/Specialisation 2nd semester 3rd semester Management of Healthcare Institutions Oslo Innsbruck Economic Evaluation in Healthcare Rotterdam Oslo Health Economics (research track) Oslo Bologna Decision Making in Healthcare Rotterdam Innsbruck Global Health Rotterdam Bologna Healthcare Finance and Management Bologna Innsbruck Thesis work: students are required to write a scientific Master thesis on a topic that is related to one of the subjects covered in the Eu-HEM programme. The objective of the thesis is to show that the student is able to perform scientific research individually and to report the study and its conclusions in a clear way. Suggestions for a master thesis topic are made by the student, a lecturer or an interested party from industry. 12

MOBILITY Mobility is compulsory. Upon admission, each student will have to choose one track or specialization according to their preference. The 1 st and the 4 th semester of each track are possible at all partner universities. 1 st and 2 nd semester cannot be attended at the same University. Given the structure of the tracks students enrolled in Eu-HEM should therefore be ready to move to another partner University at the end of the 1 st, the 2 nd and, depending on where they will be allocated for thesis work, possibly also the 3 rd semester. TUITION EU students are required to pay a tuition fee of currently 1906 per year, while NON-EU students are required to pay a tuition fee of 6000 per year. DEGREE Upon successful completion of the Joint master degree programme, the students will be awarded the joint degree European Master in Health Economics and Management recognised by all countries of the partner universities. ADMISSION The application and admission process for the European Master in Health Economics and Management are organized at the University of Oslo. For more information please visit: www.eu-hem.eu 13

STUDYING @ UNIBO 14

LIVING COSTS AT UNIBO AND THE THREE PARTNER UNIVERSITIES Tuition fees and the purchase of books and teaching materials are not the only expenses students must incur. It is necessary to consider accommodation and living costs too. Rents are one of the main expenses students have to face. How much money you will actually need depends on your life style. The costs for housing, for example, may differ considerably. Also, if you plan to travel during your stay, you will obviously need more money. Anyway you will find here after examples of approximate prices in the four partner Universities cities and estimates for one month living costs. University of Bologna, Italy Students living and studying in Bologna spend 750 to 900 a month. Read more on Unibo website Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands Students living and studying in Rotterdam spend approximately 1,000 a month. This amount is needed to cover daily expenses, meals, accommodation costs, insurance, study books etc. This estimate does not include tuition fees and unforeseen costs, and should be used as a general indication of the costs of living. Read more on EUR website University of Oslo, Norway Norway is an expensive country and it takes a while getting used to the high cost of living. As a student you will need a minimum of approximately NOK 10.000 per month in order to cover basic expenses. During your first semester you must be prepared to use a substantial amount of money for setting up your household and for buying suitable clothing for the Norwegian climate. Read more on UiO website Management Center Innsbruck, Austria According to the Management Center Innsbruck students need approximately 1.000 per month for accommodation, meals and leisure activities. Read more on MCI website 15

ACCOMODATION SERVICE University residences are available at reduced rates for students who meet the requirements of merit and income. They are managed by the Regional Board for the Right to Higher Studies (ER.GO.) and assigned following a call for application. ER.GO. accommodation is not available to international exchange students. For more information consult the ER.GO website. International students and international exchange students attending a period of study at the University of Bologna can contact the SAIS service for support in the search for housing in the private market and for help with rental agreements. The SAIS also provides non-eu students with the certificate of housing availability, which is a prerequisite for the issue of an entry visa. For more information and to access the service visit the SAIS website. For further information on accommodation services visit the dedicated Unibo Webpage. 16

International Law and Health COURSE LISTING 1 st Semester At the end of the course the student has an in-depth understanding of the relationship between international law and public health. The student becomes familiar with the principal issues of international health law, including the major international health Treaties and governing structures. The focus of the course is especially oriented on international institutions such as: the World Health Organization, UNAIDS, the World Trade Organization, the International Labor Organization, and the World Bank; and on the important role that those play in the international health governance and in the development of health regulation and policy. A comprehensive approach to international health law involves multiple, interrelated fields, including trade, economics, intellectual property, human rights, ethics, and national security. Through the unit, the student is trained to identify legal issues and to explore the tension between public goals and private rights and interests, and he/she is expected to apply the law to particular policy contexts and public health issues and to critically evaluate the laws effectiveness in protecting and promoting the public health. Fundamentals in Health Economics The course should enable students to analyse, according to the methods of microeconomics, the typical resource allocation problems involving health and healthcare. Teaching practice combines theory and institutional analysis with updated empirical evidence from the literature. At the end of the course, participants shall demonstrate knowledge about: the peculiar economic characteristics of health and health care, the fundamental trade-offs afflicting resource allocation in health and healthcare, the way different Health Systems address these fundamental trade-offs. The primary purpose of the course is to examine the framework and analytical methods economists use to study the health economy and address key policy issues. Students need to be comfortable with basic economic tools (e.g., demand-supply, elasticity, marginal analysis, production functions). The principal method of learning is through discussion and written analysis. Fundamentals in Healthcare Management The aim of this course is to provide an introduction to the practices and concepts of management and their applications in healthcare through the definition of both the task of management, and the key tools adopted. After focusing on the specific perspective of management science, the impact of institutional context on organizational choices are presented, shifting the attention from the government of healthcare system to the management of healthcare organizations. Healthcare management issues are assessed in the light of organization's strategies, with a specific focus on different categories of managerial choices concerning: (1) Organizational design process; (2) Leadership and human resources; (3) Performance measurement system; (6) Partnership with other organizations; (6) Clinical governance and Quality. Statistics for healthcare At the end of the course the student is provided with the essential concepts of statistics and probability, with the dual objective of illustrating the basic tools for the exploratory analysis of health-related data and introducing the founding elements of econometrics. 17

Econometrics At the end of the course the student has adequate knowledge of the basic instrument used by economists for their empirical investigations (the linear regression model for the analysis of cross-sectional and panel data) and is able to understand under what conditions the estimated relationship has a causal interpretation. Drawing on critical discussion about some micro-economic applications from recent research, the student receives specific data to practice at the computer and learn the basic skills to perform empirical work using the software STATA. At the end of the course he/she is capable to understand scientific articles using the linear regression model and is also able to perform its own analysis with this instrument. 2 nd Semester Accounting in healthcare This course provides students with some frameworks concerning the use of accounting in the healthcare sector. In particular, it focuses on how management accounting information can support managers of healthcare organizations in decision making. Starting from the basic tools of management accounting and management control, the course explores the issues that healthcare managers face in working within an organization where professionals (especially clinicians) influence decision making, and where a growing demand for services can compromise financial sustainability. Students who complete the course successfully know about: The characteristics of healthcare organizations that affect the way they do business, and that influence how they design their management accounting systems Ways that organizations can account for their costs and how the cost accounting effort can assist managers to deliver more efficient services, and also help them to determine appropriate prices when necessary How responsibility centers can be used to encourage all the actors to adhere to the organization s strategic goals Why some programming decisions require a capital investment analysis, and how to undertake the appropriate analyses through accounting information Some ways to prepare the operating budget in a healthcare setting The important characteristic of performance measurement in healthcare organizations How to design a useful set of reports (both financial and non-financial) for managers of a healthcare organization How the technique of variance analysis can improve a manager s understanding of the reasons underlying the differences between actual and budgeted financial results, and thus help the manager to choose the appropriate course of action Management Systems in Healthcare At the end of the course student is introduced to the principles of quality management in healthcare organizations. By the end of the course, the student is able to: adopt a process perspective to quality management and improvement; understand variation in processes; examine and critique continuous improvement approaches; understand the importance of quality management in healthcare organizations; discuss and critically asses examples of implementations of lean management in healthcare; use of improvement tools; understand the role of performance measurement in continuous improvement; reconcile attempts to incremental and radical innovation in healthcare. 18

Regulation in Healthcare Markets At the end of the course the student is in a position to understand the fundamental microeconomic justifications of public intervention in the economy and to identify potential remedies and their limitations. Teaching practice supports theoretical considerations with an accurate discussion of the major institutional features that characterize the different possible forms of intervention in healthcare markets. At the end of the course, the student is expected to reach a detailed knowledge about: the main reasons lying behind healthcare market and state failures; the trade-offs characterising public intervention in financing and delivery of services; the implications of regulatory policies. Law & Economics of Healthcare Insurance Markets This course focuses on the economic and legal aspects of healthcare insurance markets mainly in developed countries. At the end of the course the student understands the fundamental economic and legal arguments for regulatory intervention in healthcare financing and insurance markets. The course also provides students with case-studies regarding the practice of health insurance in various European countries and the US. Teaching combines conceptual and theoretical considerations with applied country-based cases. At the end of the course, the student is expected to reach a detailed knowledge about: the main economic and legal rationales lying behind healthcare financing and insurance markets; the role, limitations and potential solutions of regulatory intervention in healthcare (e.g. including aged and long term care insurance) markets; European countries and US health insurance design and regulatory frameworks. The Economics of Human Resource Management in Healthcare Organization This course deals with important aspects of the employment relationship within healthcare organizations, such as worker motivation and incentives, compensation schemes, selection of managers and employees, teamwork and the organization of work more generally. The first part of the course sets the stage by providing the theoretical background, and by presenting selected empirical evidence. The second part focuses on special topics, case studies, and organizational design pertaining to the management of human resources (personnel, in particular) in healthcare organizations. 3 rd Semester Planning and evaluation of health promotion programs At the end of the course, the student has developed the skills supporting evidence-based decision making, and has adequate knowledge of the evaluation approaches and their applications to the different health promotion programs. Lifestyles and Health Outcomes At the end of the course the student understands the health-related behavioral determinants and has an overview of some recent policies aimed at improving the population's lifestyles. He/she has adequate knowledge of: the demand for health and health capital; the behavioral determinants leading to unhealthy outcomes such as obesity and addiction; the trade-offs between health and welfare objectives; the policies aimed at changing health-related behavior and lifestyles. The course combines theoretical analysis and discussion of case-studies. 19

Legal issues in Pharmaceutical Markets At the end of the course the student is expected to reach a detailed knowledge of the enforcement of EU antitrust rules in the field of health care. In particular, he/she is aware of the main antitrust issues dealt with at the EU level in this field. The student especially becomes familiar with the case law developed by the EU jurisprudence in the field of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, hospital services, sickness funds and health insurance. This requires from him/her an interdisciplinary approach to legal issues that touches upon intellectual property law, trade law, commercial law, and competition policy. The course is based on a Law & Economics approach that should help student in fully understanding the impact of the rules of EU competition law on national health care policies and especially how EU institutions and Member States attempt to solve the trade-off between equity and efficiency in the provision of health care services. Health Econometrics At the end of the course the students have knowledge of a number of econometric models designed to study the behavior of economic agents using cross sectional and longitudinal data. They are able to critically evaluate the applications of the methods in the health economics field and to perform their own analysis in the context of new case studies. Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry The course aims at providing student with an advanced knowledge on the economics & regulation of the biopharmaceuticals market. Biopharmaceutical markets are regulated in most countries. The objective of regulation is to assure consumers that the inputs into the health production function are of sufficiently high quality, and are made available at reasonable social costs. Regulation typically consists of some combination of different tools like regulation of market access and product safety, patent protection, pricing regulation and regulation of promotion. At the end of the course the student is aware of: Technological characteristics of the pharmaceutical sector and the objectives of regulation. Pharmaceuticals' R&D and productivity The economics of pharmaceutical patenting: patent extension policy, generic entry, extension of patent to developing countries. Regulation of pricing and profitability. Regulation of pharmaceutical promotion and DTCA. Health Economics & Policy in Low and Middle Income Countries At the end of the course the student is provided with an overview of: how health economics theory and methods can be applied to understand the challenges facing health systems in low and middle income countries; the patterns and key issues of health systems and policies in developing countries, with an emphasis on critical assessment of current and future policy options. By the end of the course students are able to: Appreciate the relevance of applying health economics methods in low and middle income countries; Assess alternative methods of raising revenue to funding health systems in low and middle income countries; Assess equity of access to health services and how health system can identify and respond to health inequities; Assess policy options to improve health systems performance in low and middle income countries; Adopt a systematic view on health and health systems in developing countries, and develop independent thinking on future perspective of health sector reforms. 20

Health systems At the end of the course student is introduced to the principles of health care organization and policy in a comparative perspective. Aim of the course is to understand the evolution and contemporary state of health care systems in different OECD countries. By the end of the course, the student is able to: Identify the key characteristics and components of health care systems. Assess each health care systems strengths and weaknesses Explain the recent health care reform efforts in OECD countries Workshop: Building empirical case studies in health economics At the end of the workshop the student has fully developed under standard econometric packages a portfolio of case studies in applied health economics, through the following steps: data collection, managing and validation definition of key question and model specification estimation and testing post-estimation analysis and reporting. The focus is on preparatory work (steps 1 and 2) and post-estimation analysis (step 4). At the end of the course the student is able to develop his/her own applied studies from scratch. 4 th Semester Topics in Health Economics, Policy and Management At the end of the learning activity, the student has a thorough view of the main directions of current research in health economics, policy and management. He/she attains the ability to develop critical and original views on both empirical and theoretical directions of research. Workshop: The labor market for EU-HEM students The aim of this workshop is to present to HEM students key players operating in the European and international marketplace for health and healthcare. Special emphasis is given to market structure and key leaders in the market for healthcare insurance, pharmaceuticals, medical devices. NGOs, Intergovernmental and international institutions are also introduced and presented. A special attention is given to the analysis of tasks assigned and skills required by each type of players to successful employees. Contributions and witnesses from qualified key players area constituent part of this workshop. Internship At the end of the internship the student acquires a direct knowledge of a working environment coherent with studies in health economics and management. The student develops a deep understanding of the organization he's working in and is able to adapt to the internal governance rules. He trains to manage relations with management, colleagues, clients and other public stakeholders. he enhances abilities to work in teams. 21

FACULTY AND STAFF FACULTY Francesca Barigozzi Alberto De Prà Claudia Desogus Davide Dragone Daniele Fabbri Matteo Lippi Bruni Laura Mariani Mario Mazzocchi Chiara Monfardini Pietro Micheli Emanuele Padovani Francesco Paolucci Davide Raggi Fabrizio Tediosi Federico Toth Giulio Zanella ACADEMIC COORDINATOR Daniele Fabbri PROGRAMME COORDINATOR Sarah Russo CONTACTS School of Economics, Management and Statistics Piazza Scaravilli, 2-40126 Bologna (Italy) Tel: (+39) 051 2098870 E-mail: hem@unibo.it bologna@eu-hem.eu Websites: www.hem.unibo.it www.eu-hem.eu NOTE: The information contained in this brochure may change, please visit regularly the websites to keep up to date. 22