Volum No. MAY 0 ARPN Journal o Sytm and Sotwar 00- AJSS Journal. All rght rrvd htt://www.cntc-ournal.org A Formal Modl or Data Flow Dagram Rul Rozat Ibrahm Sow Yn Yn Dartmnt o Sotwar Engnrng Unvrty Tun Hun Onn Malaya (UTHM) Batu Pahat Johor malaya rozat@uthm.du.my ynyn08@hotmal.com ABSTRACT A ormal modl or data low dagram (DFD) rul dvlod by ntroducng a yntax and mantc or t rul. DFD ha bn chon bcau t an aroach or cyng contructng and vualzng th modl o a ytm grahcally and ha bn n ractcal u on a vry wd ba but tll lac ormal and rc undrtandng. Th ormal modl can b ud to chc th corrctn o th dagram and contncy among th dagram. Kyword: Contxt dagram data low dagram ormal mthod contncy rul I. INTRODUCTION Sytm dvlomnt l cycl (SDLC) an ntal roc u durng th dvlomnt o any ytm. SDLC cont o our man ha. Thy ar lannng analy dgn and mlmntaton. Durng analy ha contxt dagram and data low dagram ar ud to roduc th roc modl o a ytm. A contncy o th contxt dagram to lowr-lvl data low dagram vry mortant n moothng u dvlong th roc modl o a ytm. Howvr manual contncy chc rom contxt dagram to lowrlvl data low dagram ung a chclt tmconumng roc []. At th am tm th lmtaton o human ablty to valdat th rror on o th actor that nlunc th corrctn and balancng o th dagram []. Th man roblm du to human ablty to chc th corrctn o th dagram and th contncy btwn th dagram. In th ar w handl th roblm by rntng a tchnqu or modlng data low dagram rul and roo a ormalzaton o t rul. Th man goal o th wor to rovd a ormal modl or DFD rul n ordr to acltat th dvlomnt o th dagram durng th analy ha o otwar dvlomnt l cycl. Thn th corrctn and balancng o th dagram and th contncy btwn th dagram can b achvd. Th motvaton o comng u wth th modl or DFD rul bcau DFD ha bn ud n wdly ba or modlng any ytm cally n undrgraduat cour but tll lacng a rc undrtandng. Mot rul or drawng th dagram ar wrttn n lan txt wthout clar manng o th rul. Thror by ntroducng th ormal modl or DFD rul t can b ud to nur that th dagram drawn ar corrct and thy ar contnt wth ach othr. Furthrmor th balancng o th dagram can b guarantd. Th rt o th ar organzd a ollow. Th dcuon on th rlatd wor n Scton and th rvw o DFD n Scton. Scton 4 dcu th yntax and mantc rul o DFD and Scton 5 ormalz th DFD rul. Th dvlomnt o th tool dcud n Scton 6 and Scton 7 gv an xaml on how contncy chc o dagram don ung th ormal modl. Fnally Scton 8 gv th valuaton o th aroach rom th tudnt rctv and Scton 9 conclud th ar. II. RELATED WORK DFD wdly ud durng analy ha to catur th rqurmnt o any ytm. Th rul or DFD ar ml and not comlcatd. Howvr th rul ar n lan Englh wthout ormalm. Furthrmor vral rarch tatd that no ormal languag ha bn ud or mantc ccaton o data low dagram or xaml n ([] [] and [4]). Howvr Tao and Kung [5] ont out that thr ar w dvlomnt nvronmnt or CASE tool rovd automatd vrcaton aclt that can dtct ncontncy and ncomltn n a data low dagram ccaton. Franc n [6] rnt a mthod or aocatng DFD wth ormal ccaton. Dxt t al. [7] dcrb that th conct o data low dagram contncy rr to whthr or not th dcton o th ytm hown at on lvl o a ntd t o data low dagram comatbl wth th dcton o th ytm hown at othr lvl. Thy alo tat that a contncy chc aclty wth a CASE tool wll b hlul or th racttonr. Contncy n roc dcomoton on th othr hand man that th rcdnc rlaton athully nhrtd by th chld data low dagram [7]. Ahmd Jlan t al. [] on th othr hand tat that notaton ud n th data low dagram ar uually grahcal and drnt tool and racttonr ntrrt thr notaton drntly. Thror a wlldnd mantc or data low dagram ormalm could hl to rduc ncontnc and conuon. Accordng to Luca t al. [] contncy roblm hav xtd n Inormaton Sytm dvlomnt nc t bgnnng and ar uually lnd to th xtnc o multl modl or vw whch artcat n th dvlomnt roc. Tao and Kung [5] tat that a data low dagram vual and normal hnc t ay to larn and u. Howvr t normalty ma t dcult to conduct ormal vrcaton o th 60
Volum No. MAY 0 ARPN Journal o Sytm and Sotwar 00- AJSS Journal. All rght rrvd htt://www.cntc-ournal.org contncy and comltn o a data low dagram ccaton. Dxt t al. [7] on th othr hand dnd data low dagram contncy th xtnt to whch normaton contand on on lvl o a t o ntd data low dagram alo ncludd on othr lvl. Accordng to Tao and Kung [5] th chld data low dagram that rult rom dcomoton contnt wth th rcdnc rlaton or th arnt roc and do not ntroduc addtonal rcdnc rlatonh btwn th nut and outut low o th arnt roc. Rarch don by L and Tan [8] covr th modllng o DFD ung Ptr Nt modl. In thr rarch thy chc contncy o th DFD by norcng contrant on thr Ptr Nt modl. Gao t al. [9] rnt a languag calld SOZL (tructurd mthodology + obct-orntd mthodology + Z languag). Thy thn ud thr languag to rnt a ormalzaton o th yntax and mantc o rdcat data low dagram (PDFD). Thy u Z notaton to dn an abtract yntax and contrant o PDFD notaton. In tructurd mthodology data low dagram ar ud durng analy ha to catur th rqurmnt o any ytm. In obct-orntd mthodology Und Modllng Languag (UML) ccaton ud to rrnt any ytm rqurmnt. A mthod or chcng contncy or UML ccaton on th othr hand ha bn don or xaml n [] [0] and []. Th ar ormalz mortant DFD rul to addr th contncy u n DFD. Our rarch ocu on contncy chc btwn data low dagram and dvlo a ormal modl or a contncy chc btwn data low dagram bad on th ormal notaton ud or th DFD rul. analyt and ur to dct th low o data n an normaton ytm. Normally th ytm can b hycal or logcal manual or comutr bad. Data low dagram ymbol cont o our ymbol whch ar roc data low data tor and xtrnal ntt. Th tandard t o ymbol that wll b ud n th ar dvd by Gan and Saron ymbol n []. Tabl how th ymbol. Tabl : Symbol or DFD lmnt n [] Symbol 0 Nam Nam Elmnt Nam Proc Data Flow III. OVERVIEW OF DFD D Nam SDLC a roc u durng th dvlomnt o otwar ytm tartng rom lannng untl th mlmntaton ha. Data low dagrammng on th othr hand ud to roduc th roc modl durng th analy ha []. Proc modl vry mortant n dnng th rqurmnt n a grahcal vw. Thror th rlablty o th roc modl th y lmnt to mrov th rormanc o th ollowng ha n SDLC. SDLC alo ud to undrtand on how an normaton ytm can uort bun nd dgnng th ytm buldng th ytm and dlvrng th ytm to ur []. SDLC cont o our undamntal ha whch ar analy dgn mlmnt and ttng ha. In th analy ha rqurmnt o a ytm ar dntd and rnd nto a roc modl. Proc modl can b ud to rrnt th roc or actvt that ar rormd n a ytm and how th way o data mov among th roc. In ordr to dagram a roc modl data low dagrammng ndd. Dxt t al. [7] dn data low dagram a a grahcal tool that allow ytm Nam Data Stor Extrnal Entty In data low dagram th hght-lvl vw o th ytm nown a contxt dagram. Th nxt lvl o data low dagram calld th lvl 0 data low dagram whch rrnt a ytm maor roc data low and data tor at a hgh lvl o dtal. Evry roc n th lvl n- data low dagram would b dcomod nto t lowr-lvl data low dagram whch lvl n data low dagram. Th y rncl n data low dagram to nur balancng whch man that th data low dagram at on lvl accuratly rrntd n th nxt lvl data low dagram whn dvlong a roct. Th dal lvl 6
Volum No. MAY 0 ARPN Journal o Sytm and Sotwar 00- AJSS Journal. All rght rrvd htt://www.cntc-ournal.org o dcomoton to dcomo th ytm untl ytm analyt and ur can rovd a dtald dcrton o th roc whrby th roc dcrton not mor than on ag. Th nal t o data low dagram valdatd or nurng qualty. In gnral thr ar two ty o roblm that can occur n data low dagram whch ar yntax rror and mantc rror. Smantc rror ar mor comlcatd than yntax rror du to a t o rul that nd to b ollowd n ordr to dnty thm. For xaml vry roc ha at lat on nut data low and vry roc ha at lat on outut data low. Thror undrtandng th t o rul or data low dagram mortant. Onc th rul ar undrtand a ormal modl can b dvlod bad on th rul o that th ormal modl can b ud to rorm contncy chc btwn contxt dagram and lvl 0 data low dagram. Th ormal modl can guarant that th corrctn and rlablty o data low dagram can b ncrad. IV. SYNTAX AND SEMANTIC RULES OF DFD Data low dagram ar llutratd movmnt o data btwn xtrnal ntt and th roc and data tor wthn a ytm []. Accordng to Donald and L V [4] data low dagram ar a tool that can rval rlatonh among and btwn th varou comonnt n a rogram or ytm. Tao and Kung [5] on th othr hand tatd that data low dagram tchnqu ctv or xrng unctonal rqurmnt or larg comlx ytm. Rul gv th dnton o data low dagram whr thr ar our ymbol n th data low dagram whch ar roc data low data tor and xtrnal ntt (ourc/n). In gnral thr ar two commonly ud tyl o ymbol n data low dagram a dcrbd n [] and [7]. For our rarch w wll u Gan and Saron ymbol a dcrbd n [] whch aard n Tabl. Rul : A Data Flow Dagram cont o: whr Proc Data Flow Data Stor Extrnal Entt - A roc an actvty or a uncton that rormd or om cc bun raon; - A data low a ngl c o data or a logcal collcton o vral c o normaton; - A data tor a collcton o data that tord n om way; - An xtrnal ntty a ron organzaton or ytm that xtrnal to th ytm but ntract wth t. Th hght-lvl o data low dagram nown a th contxt dagram. Accordng to Jry t al. [] a contxt dagram a data low dagram o th 0 co o an organzatonal ytm that how th ytm boundar xtrnal ntt that ntract wth th ytm and th maor normaton low btwn th ntt and th ytm. Dnn t al. [] tat that th contxt dagram how th ovrall bun roc a ut on roc and how th data low to and rom xtrnal ntt. Data tor ar not uually ncludd on th contxt dagram. Th contxt dagram thror dcomod nto th lowr-lvl dagram whch lvl 0 data low dagram. In act ach roc on th lvl 0 data low dagram can b dcomod nto mor xlct data low dagram calld lvl dagram and can b urthr dcomod nto nxt lowr-lvl dagram whn t ndd. In gnral thr ar two undamntally drnt ty o roblm that can occur n data low dagram whch ar yntax rror and mantc rror. Tao and Kung [5] dn th yntax o th data low dagram how comonnt ar ntrconnctd through data low and what comonnt conttut th ubytm bng modld. Th mantc o th data low dagram on th othr hand how data low ar ntrrlatd n trm o data tranormaton. Dnn t al. [] clam that yntax rror ar ar to nd and x than ar mantc rror bcau thr ar clar rul that can b ud to dnty thm. Thr a t o rul that mut b ollowd by analyt whn drawng data low dagram n ordr to valuat data low dagram or corrctn [4]. Rul untl Rul 8 tatd th rul. Rul : Rul o data low dagram: At lat on nut or outut data low or xtrnal ntty At lat on nut data low and/or at lat on outut data low or a roc Outut data low uually hav drnt nam than nut data low or a roc Data low only n on drcton Evry data low connct to at lat on roc Rul tatd th gnral rul or drawng th data low dagram. For ach xtrnal ntty thr hould b at lat on nut or outut or data low comng n or gong out rom th xtrnal ntty. Rul : Unqu nam n data low dagram: A unqu nam (vrb ha) a numbr and a dcrton or a roc A unqu nam that a noun and a dcrton or a data low A unqu nam that a noun and a dcrton or data tor A unqu nam that a noun and a dcrton or xtrnal ntty 6
Volum No. MAY 0 ARPN Journal o Sytm and Sotwar 00- AJSS Journal. All rght rrvd htt://www.cntc-ournal.org Rul tatd th mortant o th unqu nam ud n th dagram. Th unqu nam aly to all th nam ud n vry act o data low dagram. Th contncy u ar addrd n Rul 4 and Rul 5. Rul 4: Contncy: Evry t o data low dagram mut hav on contxt dagram. Rul 5: Contncy Vwont: Thr a contncy vwont or th ntr t o DFD. Rul 6: Dcomoton: Evry roc wholly and comltly dcrbd by th roc on t chldrn DFD. Rul 7: Balancng: Evry data low data tor and xtrnal ntty on a hghr lvl DFD hown on th lowr-lvl DFD that dcomo t. Rul 8: Data Stor: For vry data tor data cannot mov drctly rom on data tor to anothr data tor. Data mut b movd by a roc. Rul untl 8 xlan th undamntal rul o data low dagram. Th contncy btwn contxt dagram and data low dagram vry mortant and th rul or th contncy caturd n Rul 4 and 5. Followng on th contncy u Rul 6 addr act on dcomoton o th roc to t lowr lvl o DFD and Rul 7 addr act o balancng o DFD lmnt to t lowr lvl o DFD. Syntax rul ar ud to vry yntax rror wthn th DFD. Th yntax rul ar dcrbd n Rul 9. Rul 9: Syntax rul o data low dagram: At lat on nut data low or a roc At lat on outut data low or a roc Proc rom xtrnal ntty cannot mov drctly to anothr xtrnal ntty At lat on nut data low or a data tor At lat on outut data low or a data tor Data rom on data tor cannot mov drctly to anothr data tor Bad on Rul 9 x yntax rul ar ud n ordr to vry th corrctn o th contxt dagram and lvl 0 data low dagram. Howvr th yntax rul o data tor only ald n lvl 0 data low dagram. Smantc rul ar ud to vry mantc rror rom contxt dagram to lvl 0 data low dagram. Th mantc rul ar dcrbd n Rul 0. Rul 0: Smantc rul o data low dagram: Th total numbr and nam o xtrnal ntt n contxt dagram ar th am a n lvl 0 DFD Th total numbr and nam o data low btwn roc and xtrnal ntty n contxt dagram ar am a lvl 0 DFD Th total numbr and nam o xtrnal ntt n lvl 0 DFD ar am a contxt dagram Th total numbr and nam o data low btwn roc and xtrnal ntty n lvl 0 DFD ar th am a n contxt dagram Th mantc rul dcrbd n Rul 0 ar ud to rorm contncy chc rom contxt dagram to lvl 0 data low dagram. W thn ormalz th DFD rul and rrntd thm ung mathmatcal notaton n ordr to bttr undrtand th rul. Smlar aroach or ormalzaton o DFD n [] and [8] whr Tong and Tang [] u tmoral logc languag and L and Tan [8] u Ptr Nt modl. Gao and Mao [5] on th othr hand ntgrat tructurd aroach wth obct-orntd aroach and uggt a ormal languag ung Z notaton or rdcat data low dagram (PDFD). Th ormalzaton o DFD rul dcud n nxt cton. V. FORMALIZATION OF DFD RULES Th cton outln n dtal how th ormal modl o DFD rul contructd. Th modl tablhd ung mathmatcal notaton. Dnton :Lt D b a data low dagram thn D = {P F S E} whr P = { m } a nt t o roc; F = { m } a nt t o data low; S = { m } a nt t o data tor; E = { m } a nt t o xtrnal ntt; Dnton dn th data low dagram. Data low dagram cont o a t o roc data low data tor and xtrnal ntt. Dnton : Lt C b a contxt dagram thn C } { m Dnton dn th contxt dagram. Contxt dagram cont o on roc only and a t o xtrnal ntt and data low. Data low can b connctd rom xtrnal ntty to a roc and vc vra but th data low mut b a drnt data low. Not that data tor can only xt n data low dagram but not contxt dagram. Dnton : Gvn D = {P F S E} thn a roc whr P unqu whr 6
Volum No. MAY 0 ARPN Journal o Sytm and Sotwar 00- AJSS Journal. All rght rrvd htt://www.cntc-ournal.org P m From Dnton th nam o th roc unqu. For any roc no dulcaton allowd. Th am rul aly or data low (Dnton 4) data tor (Dnton 5) and xtrnal ntt (Dnton 6). Th nam unqu and dulcaton o nam not allowd. Dnton 4: Gvn D = {P F S E} thn a data low whr F unqu whr F m Dnton 5: Gvn D = {P F S E} thn a data tor whr S unqu whr S m Dnton 6: Gvn D = {P F S E} thn an xtrnal ntty whr E unqu whr E m Dnton 7: Gvn D = {P F S E} and C a contxt dagram thn C D m Dnton 7 ndcat that or any data low that blong to contxt dagram that data low mut xt n data low dagram. Th am rul al to xtrnal ntty. That or any xtrnal ntty that blong to contxt dagram that xtrnal ntty mut xt n data low dagram (Dnton 8). Dnton 8: Gvn D = {P F S E} and C a contxt dagram thn C D m Dnton 9: Gvn D = {P F S E} thn D thn D { D { } } and m Dnton 9 dn that or any data low that connct rom roc to data tor anothr data low can connct rom data tor to roc but mut b drnt rom th rvou ud data low. Dnton 0: Gvn D = {P F S E} thn D thn D { D { } and } m Dnton 0 dn that or any data low that connct rom xtrnal ntty to roc anothr data low can connct rom roc to xtrnal ntty but mut b drnt rom th rvou ud data low. Dnton : Gvn D = {P F S E} thn D thn { } D { } m D and Dnton dn that or any data low that connct rom on roc to anothr roc anothr data low can connct rom anothr roc to rvou roc but mut b drnt rom th rvou ud data low. Conctur : Gvn D = {P F S E} thn D thn D { } m Conctur : Gvn D = {P F S E} thn D thn D { } m Conctur ndcat that or any data low dagram a data low cannot connct rom on xtrnal ntty to anothr xtrnal ntty and Conctur ndcat that a data low cannot alo connct rom on data tor to anothr data tor. Conctur : Gvn D = {P F S E} thn D thn D { } and D { } m Conctur ndcat that or any data low dagram a data low cannot connct rom on xtrnal ntty to data tor and a data low cannot alo connct rom on data tor to xtrnal ntty. Scton 7 wll gv xaml o ung th Conctur rul. 64
Volum No. MAY 0 ARPN Journal o Sytm and Sotwar 00- AJSS Journal. All rght rrvd htt://www.cntc-ournal.org VI. THE TOOL Th tool ntroducd n [6]. W dvlo th tool n ordr to a th roc o manual contncy chc btwn th dagram. A grahcal layout ud n ordr to u th tool a an dtor or drawng th dagram and a a chcr a wll to chc th corrctn o th dagram. Fgur how th man ntrac o th tool. to dmontrat th contncy btwn th dagram and th balancng o vry data low and xtrnal ntty btwn contxt dagram wth lvl 0 data low dagram. Fgur how th xaml o on contxt dagram that dmontrat th u o ntt and data low wthn on roc. Fgur Examl o Contxt Dagram In rrnc to Fgur ung Rul th contxt dagram cont o roc ntt and 6 data low. That C { 4 5 6 } Fgur : Th man Intrac o th Tool From Fgur th man ntrac rovd a latorm that allow th ur to nut both dagram by ung th data low dagram lmnt rovdd. Th man ntrac nclud our man art whr th to o th ntrac th mnu bar cont o v mnu uncton th toolbar o th data low dagram lmnt n th ltd o th ntrac th bottom-rght an rror lt txt box and a Contncy Chc button. Th rt o ntrac th drawng anl or ur to draw th artcular dagram. Th v uncton n mnu bar ar on a nw l on a avd l av th data low dagram rnt th data low dagram and on a hl mnu. In th toolbar thr ar our data low dagram lmnt whch ar roc xtrnal ntty data low and data tor. Ur allowd to drag and dro th data low dagram lmnt on th drawng anl. Th txt box ud to add th txt or th data low data tor and ntty. Th Contncy Chc button on th othr hand ud to rorm th contncy chc atr both dagram ar cratd. Thror th tool rv two uro. Th rt uro a an dtor or drawng th contxt dagram and lvl 0 data low dagram and th cond uro a a chcr or chcng th contncy btwn contxt dagram and lvl 0 data low dagram. Furthr dtal rgardng th tool can b ound n [6]. VII. EXAMPLE OF CONSISTENCY CHECK In th ar w gv on ml xaml o any ytm and u th tool to rrnt th contxt dagram and t lvl 0 o data low dagram. Th xaml ud Thn lvl 0 data low dagram can b drawn whch hown n Fgur. Fgur Examl o Lvl 0 Data Flow Dagram Bad on Fgur lvl 0 data low dagram cont o roc ntt data tor and data low. That D { 4 5 6 7 8 9 } 0 Howvr any data low rom th orgnal contxt dagram mng th tool wll b abl to dtct th rror o th data low dagram. For xaml data low mng n on o th conncton 4 65
Volum No. MAY 0 ARPN Journal o Sytm and Sotwar 00- AJSS Journal. All rght rrvd htt://www.cntc-ournal.org or that lvl 0 data low dagram cont o th ollowng: 4 } { 8 5 { 9 6 0 9 7 6 D Snc th data low dagram volat Dnton 7 th tool wll b abl to c u th rror a hown n Fgur 4. Anothr xaml data low and ar mng or thr conncton o that lvl 0 data low dagram cont o th ollowng: 5 5 } 0 8 7 4 D Agan th tool wll b abl to c u th rror a hown n Fgur 5 nc t volat Dnton 7 o data low dagram. gur 4 and 5 how th xaml o mng data low rom contxt dagram to lvl 0 data low dagram. Th xaml addr th u o balancng o vry data low rom contxt dagram to lvl 0 data low dagram. Thror th contncy btwn th dagram guarantd whn ung th tool or drawng uch dagram. Fgur 4 Examl o Lvl 0 Data Flow Dagram wth mng data low Fgur 5 Examl o Lvl 0 Data Flow Dagram wth mng data low Fgur 6 how th xaml o contncy chc ung th tool. Fgur 6 Examl o Lvl 0 Data Flow Dagram wth mng data low ung th tool From Fgur 6 th balancng o vry data low and xtrnal ntty rom contxt dagram to lvl 0 data low dagram addrd. Th tool nur that or vry data low and xtrnal ntty drawn n contxt dagram that data low and xtrnal ntty hall aar n lvl 0 data low dagram. Th nur th contncy btwn all dagram. W dmontrat anothr xaml or th Conctur rul. Fgur 7 how an xaml o contxt dagram wth on roc two ntt and 4 data low. 66
Volum No. MAY 0 ARPN Journal o Sytm and Sotwar 00- AJSS Journal. All rght rrvd htt://www.cntc-ournal.org From Fgur 9 th Conctur rul volatd. That a conncton btwn ntty to data tor tryng to tablh ung th data low. Th tool gv yntax rror normng that uch conncton cannot b tablhd. Fgur 7 Anothr Examl o Contxt Dagram In rrnc to Fgur 7 ung Rul th lmnt o contxt dagram ar a ollow: C { 4 } Thn lvl 0 data low dagram can b drawn. Fgur 8 and 9 how xaml o lvl 0 data low dagram whch cont o yntax rror whn th volaton o Conctur rul. Fgur 0.Th contncy chc btwn contxt dagram and lvl 0 data low dagram From Fgur 0 a lvl 0 data low dagram contnt wth contxt dagram drawn n Fgur 7. Thror th tool gv a mag ndcatng th contncy. Fgur 8. Syntax Error dlayd a conncton btwn data tor by data low mad From Fgur 8 th Conctur rul volatd. That a conncton btwn data tor to data tor tryng to tablh ung th data low. Th tool gv yntax rror normng that uch conncton cannot b tablhd. VIII. EVALUATION OF THE APPROACH W valuat our aroach by ang th tudnt to u th tool or dgnng and drawng thr dagram bad on th rqurmnt o th ytm. Durng th cla w rnt a ca tudy a th ollowng cnaro. A Rarch Managmnt Sytm (RMS) wll allow a ur to logn nto th ytm. Thn th ur wll b abl to commt mang th ordr or th tm that h/h wh to buy through th ytm and/or chc th balanc rom h/hr rarch vot a wll a dlay th normaton dtal o th ur. I th ur an admntrator th ur wll b abl to vw th ordr l. Fgur 9 Syntax Error dlayd n lvl 0 data low dagram Th tudnt ar thn ad to draw thr contxt dagram and lvl 0 data low dagram. Fgur and how on o th xaml o th dagram drawn. Not that or th analy ha thr no wrt and wrong anwr o th dagram drawn. Howvr th 67
Volum No. MAY 0 ARPN Journal o Sytm and Sotwar 00- AJSS Journal. All rght rrvd htt://www.cntc-ournal.org mlmntaton o th ytm wll dnd havly wth th dagram drawn durng th analy ha. I th dagram ar drawn corrctly th mlmntaton wll mt all th ytm rqurmnt and th corrct ytm wll b mlmntd wth no ambgut. Not that tudnt abl to u th tool or drawng th data low dagram o RMS. I th drawng drawn wrongly th tool abl to c u th ncorrct or n balancng o th dagram. Fgur how th xaml o yntax rror and balancng rror o th data low dagram. Fgur Contxt Dagram or RMS Bad on th cnaro or th ca tudy Fgur how th xaml o th Contxt Dagram or RMS. A ur would b abl to logn nto th ytm. Thn th ur can commt mang an ordr vw th ordr dtal and chc th balanc o h or hr rarch vot. For th Admntrator ta h or h would b abl to vw th ordr dtal mad by th ur o th ytm. From Contxt Dagram a lvl 0 data low dagram can b drawn. Fgur how th xaml o th dagram bad on th contxt dagram drawn n Fgur. Fgur : Lvl 0 Data Flow Dagram or RMS wth yntax rror Th tool ha mad tudnt arcatd th rgorou analy o th ytm that nd to b mlmntd. At th nd o th mtr rom tudnt valuaton orm w alo rcvd ttmony rom our tudnt o th bnt o ung th tool (9 out o 45 tudnt (87%) agrd that th tool mrovd thr undrtandng o drawng th dagram). Th tool motvat tudnt to wor rom ntal ha (gttng corrct rqurmnt o th ytm) and draw th corrct dagram or analy ha ror to mlmntaton ha. IX. CONCLUSION Fgur Lvl 0 Data Flow Dagram or RMS From Fgur lvl 0 data low dagram o RMS contan data tor: data or ordr data or rarch and data or ur. roc ar ud or th dagram: Logn Modul Ordr Form and Rarch Modul. Thn th data low ar drawn bad on th data tor and roc. Both dagram (contxt dagram and data low dagram) ar corrct and contnt and th balancng o th dagram achvd a wll. Th ar ha dcud how to modl a bun roc low ung data low dagram and rntd a t o yntax and mantc rul o data low dagram. Th rul ar thn bng ormalzd and ud to automat th roc o chcng th contncy btwn th contxt dagram and lvl 0 data low dagram. Th automatc chcng o contncy ovrcom th tm-conumng roc o manually chcng th corrctn o th dagram. Th dvlor can u th tool or drawng and dgnng thr roc modl o th ytm that thy want to dvlo. Our tool ha vral advantag. Frt w can mnmz th yntax rror whn drawng th dagram nc th tool rvnt th ur rom mang uch rror. Scond th corrctn o dagram guarantd nc th contncy chc btwn dagram alo don va th tool. 68
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