Ohio Air Quality 2011

September 22 Ohio Air Quality 2 Division of Air Pollution Control John R. Kasich, Governor Mary Taylor, Lt. Governor Scott J. Nally, Director

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STATE OF OHIO AIR QUALITY CALENDAR YEAR 2 PREPARED BY AIR QUALITY AND ANALYSIS UNIT DIVISION OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL OHIO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Our Mailing address is: Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control PO Box 49 Columbus, OH 4326-49 And we are located at: Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control 5 West Town Street, Suite 7 Columbus, OH 4325 Ohio EPA s web address is: www.epa.ohio.gov The Ohio EPA s general phone number is: (64) 644-32 The Division of Air Pollution Control phone number is: (64) 644-227

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. General Review 2 air quality data are summarized for the seven criteria pollutants: particulate matter less than microns in diameter (PM ) and particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM 2.5 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O 3 ), and lead (Pb). Data are also summarized for total suspended particulates (TSP). A section discussing Toxics monitoring projects conducted in 2 is included. Trend studies are presented for three criteria pollutants: SO 2, CO, and O 3. Precision and accuracy data gathered through the quality assurance programs are also included. B. Discussion of Violations Violations of multiple-year, annual and short term air quality standards by county and pollutant are shown in Figures 3 through 8 and in Table 3. C. Conclusions. In 2 there were 36 PM monitoring sites and 45 PM 2.5 monitoring sites with 95 monitors 63 of which are Federal Reference Monitors, 25 continuous (5 of which are Federal Equivalent Monitors), and 4 speciation. In 987 there were 3 PM and no PM 2.5 monitoring sites. Nearly all monitoring for particulate matter is conducted using PM and PM 2.5 samplers. Monitoring for TSP has essentially been i

discontinued. During 2, 9 TSP sites reported data, down from 27 sites in 987. Of those 9 sites all are monitoring for lead or other metals and also report TSP data. 2. Sulfur dioxide levels in urban areas have dropped an average of 56.7% in the last ten years. There were no violations of the 3-Hour, 24-Hour or annual SO 2 air quality standards in 2. There are four counties that are in violation of the -Hour standard (29-2). 3. No overall trend is indicated for the past several years for carbon monoxide. Figure 23 shows individual urban area trends. 4. The relatively high lead concentrations sampled in Fulton and Cuyahoga Counties are the result of industrial source monitoring. 5. Twenty-five counties are monitoring attainment of the.75 ppm eight hour ozone standard. There are eight counties with monitored non-attainment based on data for 29 through 2. This report uses the ozone standard in effect during 2. 6. No violations of air quality standards for nitrogen dioxide were recorded in 2. 7. No air pollution alerts were declared in 2. D. The Ohio Network In 2 there were a total of 283 monitors at 26 sites reporting data. There were 3 carbon monoxide, 32 sulfur dioxide, 3 nitrogen dioxide, 52 ozone, 43 micron particulate (PM ), 9 2.5 micron particulate monitors (PM 2.5 ) and 27 lead monitors. The only states with comparable or more monitors are California with 487, Texas with 36 and Pennsylvania with 297. ii

PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... TABLE OF CONTENTS... LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES... TOXICS DATA TABLES... I. INTRODUCTION... II. SUMMARY OF 2 AIR QUALITY DATA... III. AIR QUALITY TRENDS... 28 IV. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM... 39 V. AIR QUALITY DATA FOR 2... 49 i iii Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)... 5 Particulate Matter <μm (PM )... 54 Particulate Matter <2.5μm (PM 2.5 )... 58 Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 )... 68 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 )... 72 Carbon Monoxide (CO)... 74 Ozone (O 3 )... 76 Lead... 9 VI. AIR TOXICS MONITORING... 93 VII. AIR POLLUTION EPISODES AND THE AIR QUALITY INDEX... 23 VIII. MONITORING SITES IN 2... 27 Acronyms and Abbreviations... 34 Reporting Organizations... 35 iv v iii

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Page TABLE Air Quality Standards For the Criteria Pollutants... 6 TABLE 2 Ambient Air Monitoring Sites in Ohio... 9 TABLE 3 Violations of Air Quality Standards by County... 27 TABLE 4 Ohio SO 2 Trends 22-2... 28 TABLES 5- Precision and Accuracy Data for each Local Air Agency and District Office... 4-47 TABLE 2 Target Compound List For Canister Analysis.. 98 TABLE 3 AQI Values and Pollutant Concentrations... 24 TABLE 4 AQI by Category Totals... 25 MAPS FIGURE Map and Directory of District and Local Air Pollution Agencies... 7 FIGURE 2 Air Quality Control Regions in Ohio... 8 FIGURE 3 PM Highest Annual Average by County... FIGURE 4 PM 2 nd High 24-HR Concentration... 2 FIGURE 5 PM 2.5 Highest Annual Average by County... 3 FIGURE 6 PM 2.5 98 th Percentile 24-HR Conc. by County... 4 FIGURE 7 PM 2.5 29-2 Average of Annual Averages... 5 FIGURE 8 SO 2 Highest Annual Mean by County... 6 FIGURE 9 SO 2 2 nd Highest 24-HR Concentration by County 7 FIGURE SO 2 99 th Percentile -HR Conc. by County... 8 FIGURE CO 2 nd Highest 8-HR Concentration by County... 9 FIGURE 2 CO 2 nd Highest -HR Concentration by County... 2 FIGURE 3 NO 2 Highest Annual Mean by County... 2 FIGURE 4 NO 2 -Hour 98 th Percentile Average by County... 22 FIGURE 5 O 3 2 nd Highest -HR Concentration by County... 23 FIGURE 6 O 3 4 th Highest 8-HR Concentration by County... 24 Figure 7 O 3 29-2 Avg. of 4 th High 8-Hr. Averages... 25 FIGURE 8 Lead Highest Three Month Mean by County... 26 GRAPHS FIGURE 9 SO 2 Trend Study Results... 29 FIGURE 2 Ozone Trend Study Results, -Hr Exceedances... 3 FIGURE 2 Ozone Trend Study Results, 8-Hr 4 th Highs... 32 FIGURE 22 Ozone Trend Study Results, 3-Yr Avg of 4 th Highs 33 FIGURE 23 CO Trend Study Results... 34-38 iv

TOXICS DATA TABLES Urban Air Toxics TABLE A Butler Co.... TABLE B Cuyahoga Co. (35-38)... 2 TABLE C Cuyahoga Co. (35-69)... 3 TABLE D Cuyahoga Co. (35-2)... 4 TABLE E Franklin Co.... 5 TABLE F Jefferson Co.... 6 Heavy Metals Data TABLE G Middletown (Lefferson Rd.)... TABLE H East Liverpool (Port Authority)... TABLE I East Liverpool (Waterplant)... TABLE J East Liverpool (Maryland Ave.)... TABLE K Cleveland (St. Tikhon)... 2 TABLE L Cleveland (Fire Station 4A)... 2 TABLE M Cleveland (Ferro)... 3 TABLE N Cleveland (Asphalt Plant A )... 3 TABLE O Cleveland (26565 Miles Rd.)... 4 TABLE P Columbus (Woodrow)... 4 TABLE Q NWDO (Fulton Co., Delta)... 5 TABLE R NWDO (Marion Co., Prospect)...5 TABLE S NWDO (Marion, West Fairgrounds)... 6 TABLE T Ottawa Co. (Brush Wellman)... 6 TABLE U SWDO (Logan Co., Bellefontaine)... 7 TABLE V Canton (Fire Station No. 8)...7 TABLE W M-TAPCA (Hubbard Twp.)... 8 TABLE X Washington Co. (Lancaster Rd.)... 8 TABLE Y Washington Co. (Victory Place)... 9 v

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I. INTRODUCTION A. General A variety of substances are generated and released into the atmosphere by a multitude of manmade and natural sources. Those substances that may affect public health and welfare are regarded as "air pollutants". The U.S. EPA has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to safeguard the public health and welfare from selected air pollutants. The pollutants for which standards have been promulgated are: Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O 3 ), Lead (Pb), Particulate Matter microns (PM ) and Particulate Matter 2.5 microns (PM 2.5 ). The standards are ambient concentrations that are expressed in micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m 3 ) or parts per million (ppm) per duration ( hr., 3 hr., etc.) with a restriction (not to be exceeded or not to be exceeded more than once per year, etc.). Table shows the NAAQS in effect at the end of 2. In some cases, standards are separated into two parts: primary and secondary. The primary standard sets the level of air pollution above which human health is endangered. The secondary standard sets the level above which the welfare of citizens is endangered due to air pollution damage to crops, animals, vegetation and materials. This report contains a summary of measured high concentrations of the pollutants, selected statistics, including quality assurance of the data, and trend analyses for various areas in Ohio. A brief description of the pollutants, the sources from which the pollutants originate and the adverse health effects of the pollutants and the monitoring methods, precede the tabulated pollutant concentrations. Ambient air is usually defined as air that is accessible to the general public. The air that is within (over) the fenced in or guarded areas of facility property is not ambient. Data for this report were collected by Ohio EPA, local air pollution control agencies and private industry. An indication of the accuracy of data from each reporting organization is located in a separate section on Quality Assurance. B. Development of the Ohio Air Monitoring System Society's concern about air pollution brought about the first national law, the Clean Air Act of July 4, 955. This Act and its subsequent amendments first encouraged, and then authorized, grants to help finance the establishment of state and local air pollution control programs.

In 963, aided in part by this federal program, the Ohio Department of Health established the Ohio Air Sampling Network (OASN) with 2 monitoring sites. The OASN was designed to measure the levels of "Total Suspended Particulate" (TSP) throughout the state. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 97 mandated the promulgation of the NAAQS and delegated authority to develop plans for their attainment to the individual states. To oversee the provisions of this Act, the U.S. EPA was formed in February of 972 by Presidential Order. After proposing standards for the criteria air pollutants, the U.S. EPA worked with Ohio to set up the State Implementation Plan (SIP) which included a detailed air monitoring program for the original six criteria pollutants: TSP, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, lead and ozone. The SIP is a state's master plan for achievement of the NAAQS. The SIP contains detailed provisions for reducing concentrations of each of the regulated pollutants, where necessary, to achieve and maintain the NAAQS. In October 972, Ohio EPA was established by State law (Ohio Revised Code Section 3745.) and the air monitoring program was significantly enlarged. Many local air pollution control agencies and private industries participated in this program. See Figure for the location of the five districts and the nine local air agencies currently supporting the air program. In 98, the U.S. EPA and Ohio EPA established and designated certain portions of Ohio's network to be a part of the National Air Monitoring Station (NAMS) network, created for the purpose of tracking national trends. In 98, the US EPA also required that all sites produce data of adequate quality to meet monitoring objectives and adequate quantity to meet statistical and trend requirements. All NAMS sites were to meet these requirements beginning with 98 data, and all other sites beginning with 983 data. On January, 2 U.S. EPA made changes to the designations of sites. The NAMS sites, used for national trends in concentrations was eliminated in favor of NCore sites, a much smaller network of sites with many more parameters per site monitored. There are three sites in Ohio, one each in Cincinnati, Cleveland and Preble Co. 2

On March 2, 984, the U.S. EPA proposed a standard for inhalable particles of ten micrometers in diameter and smaller. To enable the states to begin collecting data without excessive delay the U.S. EPA provided the states with monitors in late 984. Ohio's field offices began collecting PM data during 985 and a network of sites was primarily located in urban areas. The PM standard was promulgated on July, 987 and became effective on July 3, 987. The U.S. EPA promulgated new particulate monitoring regulations and National Ambient Air Quality Standards on July 8, 997. The new particulate standard is for particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter. The first monitors began to collect data in January 999. Monitors to determine the chemical makeup of the particulate were added in the year 2 and in 2 hourly reading monitors were added. The one hour ozone standard was supplemented on July 8, 997 with an eight hour standard. The eight hour standard is a three year average of the fourth highest daily eight hour averages. The level of the standard was set at.8 ppm which was not to be exceeded. In 2 The United States Supreme Court found U.S. EPA s previously proposed implementation plan for ozone unlawful and further held that, in the setting of a standard for ozone pursuant to Section 9 of the Clean Air Act U.S. EPA must set air quality standards at the level that is requisite -no higher or lower than is necessary-to protect the public health with an adequate margin of safety. The Supreme Court then sent the case back to the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals to review U.S. EPA s subsequent actions. On March 26, 22, that court upheld U.S. EPA s revision of the ozone NAAQS, which had been published in the Federal Register by U.S. EPA as a proposal on November 4, 2. In March 28 the 8-Hour ozone standard was changed to be less than or equal to.75 ppm as the three year average of each site s annual fourth high 8-Hour average. The summary tables in this report use the new standard. In 29 the standard for lead (Pb) was changed to.5 μg/m 3 as a three month average. This standard replaces the.5 μg/m 3 3

calendar quarter average. New monitors near presumed sources are to be operational on the first sampling day of January 2. During 2, more than 28 ambient air monitors were operated in Ohio. Table 2 enumerates the number and type of criteria pollutant monitors that were operated in the various District Office and Local Air Agency jurisdictions. The goals of the ambient monitoring program are to determine compliance with the ambient air quality standards, to provide real-time monitoring of air pollution episodes, to provide data for trend analyses, regulation evaluation and planning, and to provide information to the public on a daily basis concerning the quality of the air in high population areas, near major emission sources and in rural areas. C. Remote Ambient Data System The Remote Ambient-Air Data System (RADS) is a system for the automatic acquisition and transmission of data from a remote monitor to a central computer. Each continuous monitoring site operated by Ohio EPA's district offices is furnished with a data logger that is polled automatically at least once a day by the central computer in Columbus and hourly for the AIRNow web site. A major benefit of RADS is that the data can now be handled more quickly with fewer chances of error. Formerly the data was manually read from recorder strip charts, handwritten on a computer input form, keyed into the computer and then made available for retrieval. This process took three to four weeks. The data in the RADS computer is available for review by the district and central office staff on a daily basis. The individual sites can also be contacted through the data logger for instantaneous data and interrogated further by remote testing of zero-span for any parameter. This is particularly valuable when pollutant levels are, or may become, elevated, as during an air stagnation episode. RADS was installed during the fall of 985 and went into operation on January, 986. Local air agencies have automated their continuous monitors and Ohio EPA has expanded RADS to include the automation of the local air agencies' networks. Industrial networks will also be added. 4

RADS has been upgraded for remote access to the data by digital cellular wireless technology to telemeter data to the central computer. D. Data Availability on the Internet For the past several years Ohio EPA has provided ozone and PM 2.5 data updates several times a day to the U.S. EPA for a public outreach web site where current data and data forecasts are displayed in the form of tables and maps. This web site can be viewed at: www.airnow.gov. From this site different states can be chosen to view forecasts of ozone and PM 2.5 levels and to link to animated ozone concentration maps. As part of the AIRNow effort there is also a page that displays a map of North America that has sites that can be clicked upon for current environmental data. This page is updated frequently and is called Enviroflash at: www.enviroflash.info. Historical ambient air quality data can also be found at: www.epa.gov/airdata/. This site is a gateway to maps, reports and user selected data that reside in the U.S. EPA s Air Quality System (AQS) database. For those with specific health concerns (asthma, heart disease) or who want general information for older adults, children or who are active outdoors and who want to compare the air quality of different counties or states, the U.S. EPA has a web site that allows comparisons at: www.epa.gov/aircompare/. E. Designation of Air Quality Control Regions The fact that air pollution does not respect state boundaries was recognized in early control efforts. To effectively deal with pollution and attain the NAAQS, U.S. EPA, with advice from local governments and the public, divided the nation into areas called Air Quality Control Regions (AQCR's). Boundaries for each region were set by consideration of air pollution levels, population density, geography, and common meteorological conditions. While AQCR's may consist of parts of more than one state, each state has the authority to implement air quality standards only in its portion of the region. Portions of Ohio are included in a total of fourteen different AQCR's, each labeled numerically and by geographical description. Figure 2 illustrates the boundaries of Ohio's AQCR's. 5

TABLE U.S. EPA & OHIO EPA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION POLLUTANT DURATION RESTRICTION PRIMARY SECONDARY PM 2.5 Annual arithmetic mean Not to be exceeded Three year average 5. μg/m 3 5. μg/m 3 24-Hour concentration Not to be exceeded Three year average of 98 th percentile 35 μg/m 3 35 μg/m 3 PM 24-Hr concentration Not to be exceeded more than once per year averaged over three years 5 μg/m 3 5 μg/m 3 SULFUR DIOXIDE Annual Mean -Hr mean concentration 24-Hr mean concentration 3-Hour mean concentration Not to be exceeded Each year s daily -Hour maximum 99 th percentile value averaged over 3 years Not to be exceeded more than once per year Not to be exceeded more than once per year.3 ppm (8 μg/m 3 ) 75 ppb.4 ppm.5 ppm (3 μg/m 3 ) CARBON MONOXIDE 8-Hr mean concentration -Hr concentration Not to be exceeded more than once per year Not to be exceeded more than once per year 9 ppm ( mg/m 3 ) 35 ppm (4 mg/m 3 ) OZONE 8-Hr concentration Each year s fourth high averaged over three years. Not to be exceeded.75 ppm.75 ppm -Hr concentration* Not to be exceeded more than three times in three years.2 ppm (244 μg/m 3 ).2 ppm (244 μg/m 3 ) NITROGEN DIOXIDE -Hour Average Annual mean Each year s daily maximum 98 th percentile -Hour value averaged over 3 years. Not to be exceeded. Not to be exceeded ppb 53 ppb.53 ppm LEAD 3-Month mean concentration Three month rolling average over a three year period. Not to be exceeded. Notes: Primary standards are established for the protection of public health Secondary standards are established for the protection of public welfare *revoked for Ohio.5 μg/m 3.5 μg/m 3 μg/m 3 = micrograms per cubic meter ppm = parts per million ppb = parts per billion mg/m 3 = milligrams per cubic meter 6

Figure Williams Defiance Paulding Van Wert Lucas Fulton Henry Putnam Allen Wood NWDO Hancock Ottawa Sandusky Seneca Wyandot Crawford Erie Huron Richland Lake Geauga Cuyahoga Lorain Ashland Medina Summit NEDO Wayne Stark Portage Ashtabula Trumbull Mahoning Columbiana Mercer Auglaize Hardin Marion Morrow Holmes Carroll Jefferson Logan Shelby Union Darke Champaign Miami Clark Madison Preble Montgomery SWDO Greene Fayette Butler Warren Clinton Hamilton Highland Clermont Brown Adams Delaware CDO Franklin Pickaway Ross Pike Scioto Fairfield Knox Licking Hocking Vinton Jackson Gallia Perry Coshocton Muskingum Athens Meigs Morgan SEDO Tuscarawas Guernsey Noble Washington Harrison Belmont Monroe This map shows jurisdictional boundaries. Colored areas represent local agencies within Ohio EPA districts 2 3 4 5 Local Air Pollution Control Agencies: Bob Hasenyager, Interim Administrator Akron Regional Air Quality Management District 46 South High St., Room 94 Akron, Ohio 4438 (33) 375-248 FAX: (33) 375-242 E-Mail: bhasenyager@schd.org Terri Dzienis, Administrator Air Pollution Control Division Canton City Health Department 42 Market Ave. North Canton, Ohio 4472-544 (33) 489-3385 FAX: (33) 489-3335 E-Mail: TDzienis@cantonhealth.org Cory R. Chadwick, Director Dept. of Environmental Services Southwest Ohio Air Quality Agency 25 William Howard Taft Road Cincinnati, Ohio 4529-266 (53) 946-7777 FAX: (53) 946-7778 E-Mail: cory.chadwick@hamilton-co.org George Baker, Commissioner Dept. of Public Health & Welfare Division of Air Quality 75 Erieview Plaza, 2nd Floor Cleveland, Ohio 444 (26) 664-2297 FAX: (26) 42-847 E-Mail: GBaker@city.cleveland.oh.us John Paul, Director Regional Air Pollution Control Agency Montgomery County Health Department 7 South Main St. PO Box 972 Dayton, Ohio 45422-28 (937) 225-4435 FAX: (937) 225-3486 E-Mail: paulja@rapca.org 6 7 8 9 Lawrence Bert Mechenbier, Supervisor Lake County General Health District Air Pollution Control 33 Mill St. Painesville, Ohio 4477 (44) 35-2543 FAX: (44) 35-2548 E-Mail: bmechenbier@lcghd.org Cindy Charles, Director Air Pollution Unit Portmouth City Health Department 65 Washington Street, Third Floor Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 (74) 353-556 FAX: (74) 353-3638 E-Mail: cindy.charles@epa.state.oh.us Karen Granata, Administrator City of Toledo Division of Environmental Services 348 South Erie St. Toledo, Ohio 4364 (49) 936-35 FAX: (49) 936-3959 E-Mail: karen.granata@toledo.oh.gov Tara Cioffi, Administrator Mahoning-Trumbull APC Agency 345 Oak Hill Ave., Suite 2 Youngstown, Ohio 4452 (33) 743-3333 FAX: (33) 744-928 E-Mail: tcioffi@cboss.com 7 Ohio EPA District Offices: CDO Adam Ward, APC Supervisor Central District Office 5 West Town St., Suite 7 Columbus, Ohio 4325 (64) 728-3778 FAX: (64) 728-3898 E-Mail: adam.ward@epa.ohio.gov SEDO NEDO NWDO SWDO Dean Ponchak, Acting APC Supervisor Southeast District Office 295 Front St. Logan, Ohio 4338 (74) 385-85 FAX: (74) 385-649 E-Mail: Dean.Ponchak@epa.ohio.gov Ed Fasko, APC Supervisor Northeast District Office 2 Aurora Rd. Twinsburg, Ohio 4487 (33) 425-97 FAX: (33) 487-769 E-Mail: Ed.Fasko@epa.ohio.gov Mark Budge, APC Supervisor Northwest District Office 347 North Dunbridge Rd. Bowling Green, Ohio 4342 (49) 352-846 FAX: (49) 352-8468 E-Mail: mark.budge@epa.ohio.gov Tom Schneider, APC Supervisor Southwest District Office 4 East Fifth St. Dayton, Ohio 4542-29 (937) 285-6357 FAX: (937) 285-6249 E-Mail: tom.schneider@epa.ohio.gov 4/24/2

Fulton Williams Defiance Henry Paulding Putnam Van Wert Mercer 77 Allen Auglaize Lucas 24 Wood Hancock Hardin Ottawa Sandusky 8 Erie Seneca Huron Wyandot Crawford Richland 75 Marion Morrow Lorain Ashland Lake Geauga Cuyahoga Ashtabula Trumbull 74 78 Portage Medina Summit Mahoning Wayne Stark Columbiana Carroll Holmes Jefferson Darke Preble Butler Shelby Miami Montgomery Warren 79 73 Hamilton Clermont Logan Union Champaign Clark Madison Greene Fayette Clinton Highland Brown Adams Delaware 76 Franklin Pickaway Ross 82 Pike Scioto Fairfield Knox Licking Hocking Vinton Jackson 3 Lawrence Gallia Perry Coshocton Muskingum Athens Meigs Morgan 79 Tuscarawas 83 Guernsey Noble Washington Harrison Belmont 8 Monroe 79 Cincinnati 3 Huntington 24 Toledo 73 Dayton 74 Cleveland 75 Mansfield 76 Columbus 77 Northwest Ohio 78 Northwest Pennsylvania 79 Parkersburg 8 Sandusky 8 Steubenville 82 Wilmington 83 Zanesville Figure 2 Air Quality Control Regions in Ohio

TABLE 2 AMBIENT AIR MONITORING SITES IN OHIO (2) Local Air Agency/ District Office PM 2.5 PM Sulfur Dioxide SO 2 Ozone O 3 Carbon Monoxide CO Nitrogen Dioxide NO 2 Lead Total Akron 4 2 3 2 Canton 2 3 7 Cincinnati (HC-DOES) 5 4 7// 2 3// Cleveland 6 5 4 4 3 6 29 Lake Co. Health District 2 3 8 Warren- Youngstown (M-TAPCA) 3 4 3 2 Toledo 3 3 7 Dayton (RAPCA) 4 2 2 6 3 7 Portsmouth CDO NEDO 2 3/3 3/2 2 /5 5 7// 5// 3 2 2 3 NWDO /6 2 2 6/6 SEDO 3 2 7/2 3// 2 8/2/ SWDO 2 Totals 46 27/9 28/4 49//3 3 3 8 84/3/3 Sites required by Ohio EPA: Government Operated/Industry Operated/CASTNET 9

II. Summary of 2 Air Quality Data The following pages, in a series of maps and tables, summarize the data presented in Section V of the report. Figures 3-4 indicate the highest annual and second highest concentrations for PM, PM 2.5, SO 2, CO, and NO 2, respectively, in each county where data were collected. Sites not meeting Federal regulatory requirements for data completeness are marked with asterisks. Figure 5 indicates the second highest -Hour concentration of ozone recorded in each county. FIGURE 6 indicates the counties in which the highest reading ozone monitor recorded a three year average of fourth highest eight hour averages greater than the standard. Figure 7 indicates the three year average of the 4 th high 8-Hour averages of ozone. The highest reading site was used. Figure 8 indicates the highest three-month average concentration of lead in each county where data were collected. Table 3 gives a breakdown of air quality standard violations by county. A more detailed presentation of air quality data can be found in Section V of the report. The Federal averaging criteria for PM and PM 2.5 monitors requires that at least seventy-five percent of scheduled samples are collected each quarter. Many intermittent monitors in Ohio run on a six-day sampling schedule (one daily reading every six days) yielding up to sixty-one samples per year. To meet averaging criteria for continuous (hourly) monitors, a monitor must have valid data for at least seventy-five percent of each calendar quarter, approximately 655 hours. For a valid ozone monitoring day, the monitor must collect at least 8 hours of data or have an average that is greater than the standard.

PM Williams Fulton Lucas 2.4 Ottawa 3.9 Lake Geauga Ashtabula Defiance Paulding Van Wert Mercer Darke Henry Putnam Allen Auglaize Shelby Logan Wood Hancock Hardin Sandusky Erie Seneca Huron Lorain Crawford Ashland Wyandot Richland Wayne Marion Morrow Union Delaware 4.2 Cuyahoga Portage Summit Medina Holmes 36.9 Trumbull Mahoning Stark Columbiana Carroll Tuscarawas Knox Coshocton Harrison 6.2 8. 2.4 Jefferson 2.4 Miami Champaign Franklin Licking Muskingum Guernsey Belmont Preble Clark Montgomery 9.8 Greene 5.8 Madison Fayette 23.3 Pickaway Fairfield Perry Morgan Noble Monroe Butler 2.2 Warren Clinton Ross Hocking Athens Washington Hamilton 7.9 Clermont Highland Pike Vinton Jackson Meigs Brown Adams Scioto 9.4 Gallia Lawrence 2.4 Figure 3 2 PM Highest Annual Mean Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in g/m 3 )

PM Williams Fulton Lucas 75 Ottawa 36 Lake Geauga Ashtabula Defiance Paulding Van Wert Mercer Darke Henry Putnam Allen Auglaize Shelby Logan Wood Hancock Hardin Sandusky Erie Seneca Huron Lorain Crawford Ashland Wyandot Richland Wayne Marion Morrow Union Delaware 26 Cuyahoga Portage Summit Medina Holmes 22 Trumbull Mahoning Stark Columbiana 39 Carroll Tuscarawas Knox Coshocton Harrison 32 35 Jefferson 42 Preble Champaign Miami Clark Madison Montgomery 44 Greene 3 Fayette Franklin 77 Pickaway Licking Fairfield Perry Muskingum Morgan Guernsey Noble Belmont Monroe Butler 54 Warren Clinton Ross Hocking Athens Washington Hamilton 49 Clermont Highland Pike Vinton Jackson Meigs Brown Adams Scioto 57 Lawrence 33 Gallia Primary Standard 5 g/m 3 Counties in which there has been an exceedance of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Table ) Figure 4 2 PM 2nd High 24-Hour Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in g/m 3 ) 2

PM 2.5 Williams Fulton Lucas.4 Ottawa 9.4 Lake Geauga Ashtabula Defiance Paulding Van Wert Mercer Darke Henry Putnam Allen Auglaize Shelby Logan Wood Hancock Hardin Sandusky Erie Seneca Huron Lorain 9.4 Cuyahoga Medina Crawford Ashland Wyandot Richland Wayne 2.8 Summit.8.6 Marion Morrow Holmes Tuscarawas Knox Portage Stark 2.8.5 Union Delaware Coshocton Harrison Trumbull.6 Mahoning.3 Columbiana Carroll Jefferson.4 Preble.9 Miami Montgomery 2.2 Champaign Clark Greene 2.3.3 Madison Fayette Franklin.9 Pickaway Licking Fairfield Perry Muskingum Morgan Guernsey Noble Belmont Monroe Warren Butler Clinton 2.7. Hamilton 3.3 Clermont. Brown Highland Adams Ross Pike Scioto.2 Hocking Vinton Jackson Lawrence.8 Gallia Athens Meigs 8.7 Washington Primary Standard 5 g/m 3 Counties in which the three year average of annual averages was a violation of the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Table ) Figure 5 2 PM 2.5 Highest Annual Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in g/m 3 ) 3

PM 2.5 Williams Fulton Lucas 26.4 Ottawa 23.3 Lake Geauga Ashtabula Defiance Paulding Van Wert Mercer Darke Henry Putnam Allen Auglaize Shelby Logan Wood Hancock Hardin Sandusky Erie Seneca Huron Lorain 23. Cuyahoga Medina 25. Crawford Ashland Wyandot Richland Wayne 29.7 Summit 26.6 Marion Morrow Holmes Tuscarawas Knox Portage Stark 28. 23.2 Union Delaware Coshocton Harrison Trumbull 24.9 Mahoning 24.9 Columbiana Carroll Jefferson 22.4 Preble Miami Montgomery 24.9 29. Champaign Clark Greene 28. 25.2 Madison Fayette Franklin 23.6 Pickaway Licking Fairfield Perry Muskingum Morgan Guernsey Noble Belmont Monroe Butler 28.8 Hamilton 29.5 Warren 28.4 Clermont 3.2 Clinton Highland Ross Pike Hocking Vinton Jackson Athens 8.5 Meigs Washington Brown Adams Scioto 2.2 Lawrence 22.9 Gallia Primary Standard 35 g/m 3 Counties in which the three year average of 98 th percentile values have exceeded the National Ambient Air Quaity Standard (Table ) Figure 6 2 PM 2.5 98 th Percentile 24-Hour Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in g/m 3 ) 4

PM 2.5 Lake Ashtabula Williams Fulton Lucas Ottawa Geauga Defiance Henry Wood Sandusky Erie Lorain Cuyahoga Trumbull Paulding Putnam Hancock Seneca Huron Medina Summit Portage Mahoning Van Wert Mercer Darke Allen Auglaize Shelby Logan Hardin Wyandot Crawford Richland Ashland Wayne Marion Morrow Holmes Knox Union Delaware Coshocton Stark Tuscarawas Columbiana Carroll Jefferson Harrison Miami Champaign Franklin Licking Muskingum Guernsey Belmont Preble Clark Montgomery Greene Madison Fayette Pickaway Fairfield Perry Morgan Noble Monroe Butler Warren Clinton Ross Hocking Athens Washington Hamilton Clermont Brown Highland Adams Pike Scioto Vinton Jackson Meigs Gallia PM 2.5 Levels Greater than 5 g/m 3 Lawrence 2-5 g/m less than 2 g/m 3 Figure 7 29-2 Average of Annual Averages Highest Site in the County Used 5

Sulfur Dioxide Williams Fulton Lucas Ottawa 7.26 Lake Geauga Ashtabula.84 Defiance Henry Wood Sandusky Erie Lorain Cuyahoga 5.87 Trumbull Paulding Van Wert Mercer Darke Putnam Allen.35 Auglaize Shelby Hancock Hardin Logan Seneca Huron Medina Wyandot Crawford Richland Ashland Wayne Marion Morrow Holmes Knox Union Delaware Coshocton Summit 3.2 Tuscarawas 3.56 Portage Mahoning.98 Stark Columbiana 2.3 Carroll Harrison Jefferson 5.57 Champaign Miami Franklin Clark Madison Preble.2 Montgomery Greene Pickaway Fayette Warren Butler Clinton Ross Hamilton 2.63 Clermont Brown Highland Pike Adams Scioto.78.72 Licking Muskingum Fairfield Perry Morgan 4.2 Hocking Athens Vinton Meigs Jackson Gallia Lawrence 2.32 Guernsey Noble Washington Belmont Monroe 2.8 Primary Standard 3. ppb Counties in which there was a violation of the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Table ) Figure 8 2 SO 2 Highest Annual Arithmetic Mean Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in ppb) 6

Sulfur Dioxide Williams Fulton Lucas Ottawa 54.5 Lake Geauga Ashtabula 9.5 Defiance Henry Wood Sandusky Erie Lorain Cuyahoga 24.3 Trumbull Paulding Van Wert Mercer Darke Putnam Allen 6.7 Auglaize Shelby Hancock Hardin Logan Seneca Huron Medina Wyandot Crawford Richland Ashland Wayne Marion Morrow Holmes Knox Union Delaware Coshocton Summit 8. Tuscarawas 6.4 Portage Mahoning 2.3 Stark Columbiana 8.6 Carroll Harrison Jefferson 26. Preble Butler Champaign Miami Clark Madison 9.3 Montgomery Greene Fayette Warren Clinton Franklin Pickaway Ross Licking Fairfield Perry Hocking Muskingum Athens Morgan 4. Guernsey Noble Washington Belmont Monroe 3.2 Hamilton 25.7 Clermont Brown Highland Adams. Pike Scioto 2.2 Vinton Meigs Jackson Gallia Lawrence 7.8 Primary Standard 4 ppb Counties in which there was a violation of the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Table ) Figure 9 2 SO 2 2 nd Highest 24-Hour Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in ppb) 7

Sulfur Dioxide Williams Fulton Lucas Ottawa 45 Lake Geauga Ashtabula 9 Defiance Henry Wood Sandusky Erie Lorain Cuyahoga 78. Trumbull Paulding Van Wert Mercer Darke Putnam Allen 4 Auglaize Shelby Hancock Hardin Logan Seneca Huron Medina Wyandot Crawford Richland Ashland Wayne Marion Morrow Holmes Knox Union Delaware Coshocton Summit 4 Tuscarawas 55 Portage Mahoning 4 Stark Columbiana 27 Carroll Harrison Jefferson 4 Champaign Miami Franklin Clark Madison Preble 22 Montgomery Greene Pickaway Fayette Warren Butler Clinton Ross Hamilton 84 Highland Clermont Pike Brown Adams 3 Scioto 42.8 Licking Muskingum Fairfield Perry Morgan 75 Hocking Athens Vinton Jackson Lawrence 34 Gallia Meigs 8. Guernsey Noble Washington Belmont Monroe 47 Primary Standard 75 ppb Counties in which there was a violation of the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Table ) Figure 2 SO 2 99 th Percentile -Hour Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in ppb) 8

Carbon Monoxide Williams Fulton Lucas Ottawa.2 Lake Geauga Ashtabula Defiance Paulding Henry Putnam Wood Hancock Sandusky Seneca Erie Huron Lorain Cuyahoga Medina 3. Summit.4 Portage Trumbull Mahoning Van Wert Mercer Darke Allen Auglaize Shelby Logan Hardin Wyandot Crawford Richland Ashland Wayne Marion Morrow Holmes Knox Union Delaware Coshocton Stark.6 Tuscarawas Columbiana Carroll Jefferson Harrison Preble.8 Champaign Miami Clark Madison Montgomery 2.8 Greene Fayette Franklin.5 Pickaway Licking Fairfield Perry Muskingum Morgan Guernsey Noble Belmont Monroe Butler Warren Clinton Ross Hocking Athens Washington Hamilton.8 Clermont Brown Highland Adams Pike Scioto Vinton Meigs Jackson Gallia Lawrence Primary Standard 9 ppm Counties in which there was a violation of the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Table ) Figure 2 Carbon Monoxide 2 nd Highest 8-Hour Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in ppm) 9

Carbon Monoxide Williams Fulton Lucas Ottawa.4 Lake Geauga Ashtabula Defiance Paulding Henry Putnam Wood Hancock Sandusky Seneca Erie Huron Lorain Cuyahoga 5.5 Medina Summit.6 Portage Trumbull Mahoning Van Wert Mercer Darke Allen Auglaize Shelby Logan Hardin Wyandot Crawford Richland Ashland Wayne Marion Morrow Holmes Knox Union Delaware Coshocton Stark 2. Tuscarawas Columbiana Carroll Jefferson Harrison Preble.9 Champaign Miami Clark Madison Montgomery 9.2 Greene Fayette Franklin 2.3 Pickaway Licking Fairfield Perry Muskingum Morgan Guernsey Noble Belmont Monroe Butler Warren Clinton Ross Hocking Athens Washington Hamilton 6.4 Clermont Brown Highland Adams Pike Scioto Vinton Meigs Jackson Gallia Lawrence Primary Standard 35 ppm Counties in which there was a violation of the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Table ) Figure 2 2 Carbon Monoxide 2 nd Highest -Hour Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in ppm) 2

Nitrogen Dioxide Lake Ashtabula Williams Fulton Lucas Ottawa Geauga Defiance Paulding Henry Putnam Wood Hancock Sandusky Seneca Erie Huron Lorain Cuyahoga 5.3 Summit Medina Portage Trumbull Mahoning Van Wert Mercer Darke Allen Auglaize Shelby Logan Hardin Wyandot Crawford Richland Ashland Wayne Marion Morrow Holmes Knox Union Delaware Coshocton Stark Tuscarawas Columbiana Carroll Jefferson Harrison Miami Champaign Franklin Licking Muskingum Guernsey Belmont Preble Clark Montgomery Greene Madison Fayette Pickaway Fairfield Perry Morgan Noble Monroe Butler Hamilton 2.9 Warren Clinton Highland Clermont Brown Adams Ross Pike Scioto Hocking Vinton Jackson Gallia Lawrence Athens 3. Meigs Washington Primary Standard 53 ppb Counties in which there was a violation of the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Table ) Figure 3 2 Nitrogen Dioxide Annual Arithmetic Mean Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in ppb) 2

Nitrogen Dioxide Lake Ashtabula Williams Fulton Lucas Ottawa Geauga Defiance Paulding Henry Putnam Wood Hancock Sandusky Seneca Erie Huron Lorain Cuyahoga 5. Summit Medina Portage Trumbull Mahoning Van Wert Mercer Darke Allen Auglaize Shelby Logan Hardin Wyandot Crawford Richland Ashland Wayne Marion Morrow Holmes Knox Union Delaware Coshocton Stark Tuscarawas Columbiana Carroll Jefferson Harrison Miami Champaign Franklin Licking Muskingum Guernsey Belmont Preble Clark Montgomery Greene Madison Fayette Pickaway Fairfield Perry Morgan Noble Monroe Butler Hamilton 46. Warren Clinton Highland Clermont Brown Adams Ross Pike Scioto Hocking Vinton Jackson Gallia Lawrence Athens Meigs 2. Washington Primary Standard ppb Counties in which there was a violation of the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Table ) Figure 4 2 Nitrogen Dioxide 98 th Percentile -Hour Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in ppb) 22

Ozone Fulton Williams Henry Defiance Paulding Putnam Van Wert Allen.84 Lucas.86 Ottawa Wood.83 Sandusky Erie Seneca Huron Hancock Wyandot Crawford Richland Hardin Mercer Auglaize Marion Morrow Logan Knox Shelby Union Delaware.92 Darke.84 Champaign Licking Miami.85 Franklin.89 Clark Madison.98 Preble.93 Montgomery.9 Fairfield Perry.85.94 Greene Pickaway.89 Fayette Lorain Cuyahoga.84.95 Medina.8 Ashland Wayne Summit Geauga Portage Stark Holmes Tuscarawas Coshocton Guernsey Muskingum Noble Morgan Lake Ashtabula.97.93.9.88.9.89 Trumbull Mahoning Columbiana Carroll Harrison Belmont Monroe.92.87 Jefferson.82 Butler Hamilton Warren Clinton..98.. Highland Clermont.7 Ross Pike Hocking Vinton Jackson Athens.8 Meigs Washington.95 Brown Adams Scioto Gallia Lawrence.84 Figure 5 2 Ozone 2nd Highest -Hour Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in ppm) 23

Ozone Fulton Williams Henry Defiance Paulding Putnam Van Wert Mercer Darke Preble.74 Allen.73 Montgomery Clark Greene Lucas Auglaize Logan Shelby Champaign Miami.75.8.74 Ottawa Wood.73 Sandusky Erie Seneca Huron Hancock Wyandot Crawford Richland Hardin.77.76 Fayette Marion Morrow Union Delaware Madison.79.73 Franklin.87 Licking Knox Ashland Wayne.79.79 Stark Lake.8 Geauga Cuyahoga.72 Lorain.8.72 Portage Summit Medina.7.76.69.8 Ashtabula Trumbull Mahoning Columbiana Carroll Holmes Tuscarawas Jefferson Coshocton Harrison Muskingum Guernsey Belmont Fairfield Perry Noble Monroe Pickaway Morgan.77.78.73.7 Butler Hamilton.88 Warren Clermont Brown Clinton.82.82.84.82 Highland Adams Ross Pike Scioto Hocking Vinton Jackson Lawrence.68 Gallia Athens.7 Meigs Washington.7 Primary Standard.75 ppm Counties in which there was a violation of the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Table ) Figure 6 2 Ozone 4 th Highest 8-Hour Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in ppm) 24

Ozone Lake Ashtabula Williams Fulton Lucas Ottawa Geauga Defiance Henry Wood Sandusky Erie Lorain Cuyahoga Trumbull Paulding Putnam Hancock Seneca Huron Medina Summit Portage Mahoning Van Wert Mercer Darke Allen Auglaize Shelby Logan Hardin Wyandot Crawford Richland Ashland Wayne Marion Morrow Holmes Knox Union Delaware Coshocton Stark Tuscarawas Columbiana Carroll Jefferson Harrison Miami Champaign Franklin Licking Muskingum Guernsey Belmont Preble Clark Montgomery Greene Madison Fayette Pickaway Fairfield Perry Morgan Noble Monroe Butler Warren Clinton Ross Hocking Athens Washington Hamilton Clermont Highland Pike Vinton Jackson Meigs Brown Adams Scioto Gallia Ozone Levels.76 ppm or greater Lawrence.7-.75 ppm less than.7 ppm Figure 7 29-2 Average of the 4th High 8-Hour Averages using the highest reading site in each county 25

Lead Lake Ashtabula Williams Fulton.8 Lucas Ottawa Geauga Defiance Paulding Henry Putnam Wood Hancock Sandusky Seneca Erie Huron Lorain Cuyahoga.53 Summit Medina Portage Trumbull. Mahoning Van Wert Mercer Darke Allen Auglaize Shelby Logan Hardin. Crawford Ashland Wyandot Richland Wayne Marion.6 Union Delaware Morrow Holmes Knox Coshocton Stark.2 Tuscarawas Columbiana.6 Carroll Jefferson Harrison Preble Champaign Miami Clark Madison Montgomery Greene Fayette Franklin. Pickaway Licking Fairfield Perry Muskingum Morgan Guernsey Noble Belmont Monroe Warren Hocking Washington Butler Clinton. Ross. Athens Hamilton Clermont Brown Highland Adams Pike Scioto Vinton Jackson Lawrence Gallia Meigs Primary Standard.5 g/m 3 Counties in which there was a violation of the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Table ) Figure 8 2 Lead, Highest 3 Month Concentration (In counties where data were collected-values in g/m 3 ) 26

TABLE 3 VIOLATIONS OF AIR QUALITY STANDARDS BY COUNTY 2 There were no violations of the PM, PM 2.5, NO 2 or CO standards that were in effect during 2. Ozone 8-Hour 29-2 Ashtabula Butler Clinton Franklin Hamilton Lake Montgomery Warren Lead 3-Month 29-2 Cuyahoga Fulton SO 2 -Hr 99 th Percentile 29-2 Jefferson Lake Meigs Morgan 27

III. Air Quality Trends Federal regulations promulgated in 98 established a number of urban sites in Ohio as part of a national network for determining trends of the criteria pollutants. This network, called National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS), required the exclusion (for purposes of trend studies only) of those urban sites not designated as NAMS. This requirement permits a more accurate comparison of trends in different areas of the nation. The NAMS group was easily integrated into Ohio's monitoring system starting with the 98 data. SO 2 TRENDS Data for SO 2 continuous instruments in urban areas which met the NAMS siting requirements were used to generate Ohio SO 2 trend studies for years 22 through 2. The resulting data, based on annual average SO 2 concentrations, top chart, are plotted in Figure 9. Percent improvement is calculated using values derived from the method of "least squares". The bottom chart plots the 99 th percentile value which is the new, short term, - Hour, NAAQS for S 2. Table 4 SO 2 TRENDS FOR 22-2 SITE CATEGORY IMPROVEMENT Urban Area NAMS 56.7% 28

Sulfur Dioxide Trend (22-2) Urban Area Sites Concentration (ppm).2.8.6.4.2..8.6.4.2. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 Year Data Linear (Data) Sulfur Dioxide Trend (22-2) All Sites -Hour 99 th Percentile Concentration (ppb) 2 8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 Year Data Linear (Data) Figure 9 29

Ozone Trends Assessing progress towards the attainment of the ozone air quality standards is difficult because of the influence of meteorology on ozone levels. Differences in weather conditions can cause variations from year to year in both the NAAQS exceedances and the second highest -Hour ozone levels. High temperatures, brilliant sunshine and stagnant air contribute to high levels of evaporation from fuel storage tanks, fuel systems and auto refueling activities emitted by millions of cars and trucks. Also daily emissions of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons by millions of cars and trucks are a major contributor to low level ozone pollution during these atmospheric conditions. In the presence of sunlight, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides create high levels of groundlevel ozone. One Hour Data: Information is presented from eight metropolitan areas in Ohio for the period of 22 through 2. Figure 2 is a bar chart which shows, for each year, the second highest -Hour average. In an area where ozone is monitored at several sites, the site with the highest second high for each year was used which may be a different site from year to year. Eight Hour Standard: Eight metropolitan areas are presented with the three year average of the 4 th highest 8-Hour daily ozone averages for the years 22 through 2. The year listed is the last year of the three year period. Figure 2 is a bar chart with those concentrations. The ambient air quality standard is a three year average of the fourth high 8-Hour averages, that concentration must be less than or equal to.75 parts per million (75 parts per billion) for an area to be in compliance with the standard. The monitor with the highest 4 th high in each three year period was used, not necessarily the same monitor for all years. The three year averages for each site in Ohio are listed in the ozone portion of: Section V. AIR QUALITY DATA 2. 3

4 2nd Highest -Hr. Ozone in Urban Impact Area 2 ppb 8 6 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 Year Akron Canton Cleveland Youngstown 4 2nd Highest -Hr. Ozone in Urban Impact Area 2 8 ppb 6 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 Year Cincinnati Columbus Dayton Toledo Figure 2 3

4TH-HIGH 8-HOUR OZONE CONCENTRATION 2 CONCENTRATION (ppb) 8 6 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 YEAR AKRON CANTON CLEVELAND YOUNGSTOWN 4TH-HIGH 8-HOUR OZONE CONCENTRATION 2 CONCENTRATION (ppb) 8 6 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 YEAR CINCINNATI COLUMBUS DAYTON TOLEDO Figure 2 32

2 3 Year Average of 4th High 8-Hr. Ozone Averages CONCENTRATION (PPB) 8 6 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 3 YEAR PERIOD BEGINNING WITH 22-2 Akron Canton Cleveland Youngstown CONCENTRATION (PPB) 2 8 6 4 2 3 Year Average of 4th High 8-Hr. Ozone Averages 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 3 YEAR PERIOD BEGINNING WITH 22-2 CINCINNATI COLUMBUS RAPCA TOLEDO Figure 22 33

CO Trends The database for carbon monoxide (CO) is less extensive than for sulfur dioxide or ozone. A comparative plot of changes in CO in past years for ten major Ohio cities is presented. One centralcity monitor in each urban area was selected to yield data for a study of 8-hour average CO concentrations. Data for the years 22-2 are used in the graphs. See Figure 23 for the results of this study. 34

Akron Carbon Monoxide Two Highest 8-hours Selected Center City Site Concentration (ppm) 8 6 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 Year High Second High Canton Carbon Monoxide Two Highest 8-Hours Selected Center City Site Concentration (ppm) 8 6 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 Year High Second High Figure 23 35

Cincinnati Carbon Monoxide Two Highest 8-Hours Selected Center City Site Concentration (ppm) 8 6 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 Year High Second High Cleveland Carbon Monoxide Two Highest 8-Hours Selected Center City Site Concentration (ppm) 8 6 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 Year High Second High Figure 23 (continued) 36

Columbus Carbon Monoxide Two Highest 8-Hours Selected Center City Site Concentration (ppm) 8 6 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 Year High Second High Dayton Carbon Monoxide Two Highest 8-Hours Selected Center City Site Concentration (ppm) 8 6 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 Year High Second High Figure 23 (continued) 37

Concentration (ppm) 8 6 4 2 Lake Carbon Monoxide Two Highest 8-Hours Selected Center City Site 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 Year High Second High Steubenville Carbon Monoxide Two Highest 8-Hours Selected Center City Site Concentration (ppm) 8 6 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 Year High Second High Figure 23 (continued) 38

IV. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM A. GENERAL Air monitoring data collected by State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS)are required to meet Quality Assurance guidance in Appendix A of 4 CFR Part 58. That appendix specifies the minimum quality system requirements for SLAMS data for the pollutants SO 2, NO 2, O 3, CO, Lead, PM 2.5, and PM. Air monitoring agencies are required to have a quality system in place. The quality system is the means by which an organization manages the quality of the monitoring data it produces in a systematic, organized manner. It provides a framework for planning, implementing, assessing and reporting work performed by an organization. It provides for required quality assurance and quality control activities. A quality system includes an overall Quality Management Plan and specific Quality Assurance Project Plans for the pollutants measured. For air monitoring data the measurements of accuracy and precision are integral to the quality assurance and quality control of the data. Accuracy is defined as the degree the measurement is close to the true value of the parameter measured. Precision is defined as the repeatability of the measurements. B. Accuracy and Precision Requirements Accuracy requirements for manual Lead, PM and PM 2.5 samplers and continuous PM and PM 2.5 monitors include audits of the flow rate of each sampler compared to a known flow rate at least once every 6 months. For continuous monitors for SO 2, NO 2, O 3, and CO, quarterly audits of at least 25% of the analyzers are recommended. One audit per monitor per calendar year is required. During the audits the analyzers are tested with a gas in three specific concentration levels. Precision requirements for Lead, PM and PM 2.5 are met by selecting sites in areas of expected highest concentration for side-by-side (collocated) sampling. Duplicate samples for comparison purposes are collected on an every 2-day schedule although it may be more frequent. Each PM 2.5 sampler or continuous PM 2.5 monitor should have a quality control flow rate verification each month. Each Lead and PM sampler should have a flow rate verification every quarter. For continuous SO 2, NO 2, O 3, and CO monitors the determination of precision is by a onepoint quality control check against a gas of known concentration at least once every two weeks for each analyzer. The analyzers are operated in the normal sampling mode during this check. 39

The accuracy audit data and the precision data are collected by local and state agencies and reported to the US EPA Air Quality System (AQS) within 9 days of the quarter when they were performed. C. The Statistics of Accuracy and Precision Statistical calculations are available from reports in the Air Quality System as calculated from the reported accuracy and precision data. Calculations are as shown in Appendix A of 4 CFR 58. The results of those data are available to the reporting organization that collected the data and to other AQS data users. Statistics that are available for -Point Quality Control include results for percent of data completeness, coefficient of variation (CV) and bias for each analyzer plus a combined summary for the reporting organization for the pollutant. Results of collocated data for PM and for PM 2.5 include the number of collocated data pairs, the percentage completeness and the coefficient of variation. For manual PM and PM 2.5 accuracy the number of flow rate audits, the percent completeness and the lower and upper confidence limits are included. For accuracy statistics the summary results that are included in the accompanying tables for SO 2, NO 2, CO and O 3 include -Point Confidence Limits and percentage of data between confidence limits. In general lower numbers for the coefficient of variation are desirable because indicates more consistency of the test measurements. For SO 2, NO 2 and CO % is the CV upper target. For those pollutants % is the bias target also. For O 3 7% is the CV target and 7% for bias. For PM 2.5 % or less is the target for precision. For PM 2.5 accuracy audits less than 5% for design is the upper limit. For QA statistics % data completeness is desired. Tables 5-8 give summaries of the percent completeness, coefficient of variation and bias for precision and -point confidence limits and percent of data between confidence limits for accuracy for each reporting organization in the state, for SO 2, NO 2, CO and O 3 monitors. Tables 9- give summaries of number of duplicate samples, percent completeness and coefficient of variation for precision and percent completeness and lower and upper confidence limits for accuracy for PM, PM 2.5 and Lead. 4

TABLE 5 Continuous Sulfur Dioxide 2 Precision and Accuracy Data Precision Accuracy(%) LAA/DO % Complete CV Bias - Point Confidence Limits %Between Conf. Lim. Lower Upper Northeast District 4.59 +/ - 3.67-9.3 7.3 7 Northwest District 6.7 +/ - 4.94 -.3.69 S outheast District 5.65 +/ - 4.5 -.24. 6 4 Akron 4.44 +/ - 3.65-6.78 8.92 6 HCDOES 4.95 +/ - 4.47-2.5 5.7 8 Cleveland 3. 63 +/ - 2.9-7.53 5.8 7 8 4 RAPCA 7.2 +/ - 6. - 9.23 5.37 Lake County 92 6.2 +/ - 5.37-7.49 3.49 Portsmouth 5.25 +/ - 4.26 -.4 8.72 Mahoning - Trumbull.58 +/ -.28-2.7 2.33 58

TABLE 6 Continuous Nitrogen Dioxide 2 Precision and Accuracy Data Precision Accuracy (%) LAA/DO % Complete CV Bias - Point Confidence Limits %Between Conf. Lim. L ower Upper HCDOES 4.62-6.25-2.74 2.84 Cleveland 5.83 +/ - 4.77-9.9.7 42

TABLE 7 Continuous Carbon Monoxide 2 Precision and Accuracy Data Precision Accuracy(%) LAA/DO %Complete CV %Bias - Point Confidence Limits %Between Conf. Lim. Lower Upper Central District. +/ -.9-2. 3. 75 Akron 2.8-2.42-5.93 3.93 42 Canton 7.63 +8.6-6.65 7.95 HCDOES 5.3 +/ -.5-25.92 26.78 Cleveland 3.9 +/ - 3.24-7.44 6.62 8 RAPCA.28 +/ - 7.6-2.98 5. Lake County 92 2.4 +/ -.85-3.93 3.67 67 43

TABLE 8 Continuous Ozone 2 Precision and Accuracy Data Precision Accuracy(%) LAA/DO % Co mplete CV Bias - Point Confidence Limits %Between Conf. Lim. Lower Upper Central District 2.3 +/ -. 47-3.62 3.84 64 Northeast District 5. +/ - 3.59-7.8 9.96 Northwest District 4.27-3.49-8.2 6.43 S outheast District 4.95 +/ - 4.24-8.95 8.7 Southwest District 93 2. +/ -.68-2.9 3.67 7 Akron 2.93 +/ - 2.27-4.5 5.69 83 Canton 9 5.8 +/ - 3.79 -. 7.32 8 44 HCDOES.97 +/ - 2. 7-2.2 5.8 75 Cleveland.54 +. 45 -.78 3.76 53 RAPCA.54 +/ -.28-2.43 3. 5 Lake County 93 2.2-2.4-5. 2.37 74 Portsmouth 4.42 +/ - 3.5-7.3 7.62 67 Toledo.5 +/ -. 74-2.24 2.82 7 Mahoning - Trumbull 98.88 +.77 -.97.99 52

TABLE 9 PM- 2.5 2 Precision and Accuracy Data LAA/DO Precision Coef. Of Variation Accuracy Number/ Checks _% Complete CV Audits %Com LO UP_ Central District 55 8.79 5 -. 7.57 Northeast District 8 7. 8 -.82.26 Northwest District NA NA NA 3-6.75 6.69 Southeast District 57 7.82 9 -.79.97 Akron 55 2.28 22-3.53 3.3 Canton 84 6. 5 -. 6 3. 45 HCDOES 4. 4 55-5.8 6.48 Cleveland 8 6 4.3 27-2.69 3.2 RAPCA 7 4.4 25-3.7 3.69 Lake County 58 6.76 6-3.47 2.5 Portsmouth 42 6. 9 8 -.85. 75 Toledo 46. 83 6 -.77.89 Mahoning - Trumbull 58 4. 42 6-4.25. 62

TABLE PM- 2 Precision and Accuracy Data LAA/DO Precision Coef. Of Variation Accuracy Number/Checks _% Complete CV Audits %Com LO UP Central District 6 3.22 6-2.25.4 Northeast District 53 9.5 5 -.8 9.95 Sout heast District 44 8.99 6 -.46.76 HCDOES 52 3.74 92-7. 7.96 Cleveland 5.6 23-2. 5.69 RAPCA 58 3.34 4 75-8.6.45 46 Lake County 58 4. 65 8 -. 93.3 6 Portsmouth 7 5. 7 75-3.6 2.24 Mahoning - Trumbull 2 3. 53 2-2.92 4. 6 Toledo FR Ver. 34 Bias±.2 6-2.8 3.3

TABLE Lead 2 Precision and Accuracy Data LAA/DO Precision Coef. Of Variation Accuracy Number/Checks _ #Valid %Complete CV Audits _%Com LO UP_ Central District NA -.2 3.5 Northeast District 58 4 5. 5-2.97 4.4 Northwest District () 56 27 9.49 8 8-5. 4.49 Southeast District 59 (3) NA Southwest District () 56 27 9.49 3-5.92 5.3 HCDOES 26 87 (3) 5-3.94 4.3 47 Cleveland 7 35 6.92 4-3.2 7.3 9 RAPCA 4 (3) 2.34 5.74 Mahoning - Trumbul l (2) 55 (3) 4-2.75.49 Canton (2) 55 (3) 2-2.6 24.6 () Same PQAO (2) Same PQAO (3) Most lead colo data below.2 g/m 3 for statistics

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V. AIR QUALITY DATA 2

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Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) Total suspended particulate matter is defined as any liquid (aerosol) or solid substance found in the atmosphere. Particles larger than approximately microns in diameter settle rapidly due to gravity and are not considered suspended particulates. Fly ash, process dusts, soot and oil aerosols are all common forms of suspended particulate matter. The major sources of particulate pollution are industrial processes, electric power generation, industrial fuel combustion, and dust from plowed fields, roadways, or construction sites. Particulate pollution causes a wide range of damage to materials, as well as limiting visibility and reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the earth. Components of particulates may be harmful, such as sulfates, nitrates and metals. The major adverse health effects on humans are related to damage to the respiratory system through interference with the lung's natural cleansing process. Such adverse health effects are dependent, in a general sense, upon () the concentration, size and chemical composition of the particles of which the TSP consists and (2) the concentration and composition of any pollutant gases in combination with it. Particles greater than microns in diameter can rarely penetrate below the larynx and, therefore, are less likely to damage the respiratory system. Particles less than 6 microns in diameter can penetrate the bronchial passage and those of less than micron in diameter can usually penetrate and be deposited in the capillaries and alveoli of the lungs. (I.M. Campbell, Energy and the Atmosphere: A Physical Chemical Approach, John Wiley & Sons, LTD., 977). An inhaled particle may exert a toxic effect in one or more of the following four ways: () the particle may be intrinsically toxic because of its inherent chemical or physical characteristics; (2) the particle may interfere with one or more of the mechanisms that normally clear the respiratory track; (3) the particle may act as a carrier of an absorbed toxic substance; or (4) the particle may act as a carrier of an absorbent toxic substance. It is difficult to obtain direct relationships between exposures to various concentrations of TSP and resulting effects upon human health because of the problems of isolating the effects of TSP from those of other environmental pollutants and of 5

reproducing in the laboratory the exact conditions that prevail in the ambient air. Also, it has been observed that exposure to TSP in combination with other pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) produces more severe effects than does exposure to each pollutant separately. Nevertheless, statistical analyses of morbidity and mortality data do indicate a relationship between increased TSP concentrations and increased numbers of hospital and clinic admissions for upper respiratory infections, cardiac diseases, bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, emphysema and the like. (Air Pollution: Its Origin and Control, Harper & Row, 976.) TSP ceased to be a criteria pollutant on August, 987, having been replaced by PM. Starting in 987 TSP sampling was gradually replaced by ten micron particulate sampling (PM ). There were over 2 TSP monitors in 987. In 2 there were 9 monitors reporting TSP data, all are used for lead or other metals monitoring. In July 997 the U.S. EPA promulgated regulations adding a National Ambient Air Quality Standard for 2.5 micron particulate matter (PM 2.5 ). The PM 2.5 monitors supplement and partially replace the PM network. They started collecting data in January 999. Sampling Method TSP is measured by the high-volume air sampler method. This instrument draws measured volumes of air through a pre-weighed glass fiber or quartz filter for a specific time (normally 24 hours). Particulate matter in the air is trapped on the filter, which is then re-weighed to determine the mass of the particulates collected. Results are reported as micrograms of particulate matter per cubic meter of air (μg/m 3 ). Normal sampling is done intermittently with 24-hour samples taken once every six days. 52

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) Suspended particulate (TSP) () Ohio Micrograms/cubic meter (25 C) () 24-HOUR SITE ID P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH # OBS ST MAX 2ND MAX 3RD MAX 4TH MAX ARITH MEAN GEO. MEAN GEO. STD CERT EDT 39-7-5 2 259 Middletown Butler 39 LEFFERSON 2 9 56 5 2 64 64 36.9 3.9.8 39-7-5 3 259 Middletown Butler 39 LEFFERSON 2 9 26 8 62 5 5 34.7 29.7.8 39-29-2 87 East Liverpool Columbiana 222 MICHIGAN 2 9 58 95 72 7 7 37.3 3.5.8 39-35-38 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga 2547 ST TIKHON 2 9 58 23 6 92 45.4 39.5.7 39-35-42 39-35-49 229 229 Cleveland Cleveland Cuyahoga Cuyahoga 336 LORAIN AVE., F.S. 4 E. 56TH ST. 2 2 9 9 58 6 9 37 86 29 82 5 72 37. 59.8 32.7 5.7.7.8 39-35-6 39-35-6 39-35-72 229 229 229 Cleveland Cleveland Warrensville Heights Cuyahoga Cuyahoga Cuyahoga E. 4TH & ORANGE W. SIDE OF WEST 3RD. 26565 MILES ROAD 2 2 2 9 9 9 2 59 58 92 62 59 7 2 4 99 93 96 93 8.* 52. 34. 8.2 45.4 26.3.2.7 2. 53

Particulate Matter (<μ, PM ) On July, 987, the U.S. EPA promulgated revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate matter. The primary standard includes only those particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to a nominal micrometers. This standard is referred to as the PM standard (particulate matter < micrometers). From July 987 until July 8, 997 the annual standard was 5 μg/m 3 annual arithmetic mean (average over three years' data). The 24-hour standard, not to be exceeded more than once, was 5 μg/m 3. The standard is that the 24-hour level of 5 μg/m 3 is not to be exceeded more than once per year averaged over three years. The annual standard was retained until the changes to the particulate standards that became effective on December 8, 26 when the 24-Hour standard was retained and the annual standard was revoked. The standards were changed in July 997, when the PM 2.5 standard was promulgated. Changing the standard from TSP to PM and then adding PM 2.5 was due to research findings concerning particle size. Particulate matter can harm body tissue such as the linings of the nose and throat and the lungs by simple mechanical irritation. Nasal hairs and sneezing are the body's natural defenses against some of the relatively large particles (5- microns). However, small particles can slip past these defenses and penetrate deep into the lungs where they can damage lung tissues. Because of the final action to set the fine particulate standards by U.S. EPA to replace TSP, the Ohio Air Monitoring Network was expanded to include 2 PM sites in 986, to 45 in 988 and to a high of 9 in 997. During the year 2 monitors were operated at 36 sites. Samples are taken each weekday at urban sites used in reporting the Air Quality Index (AQI). 54

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) PM Total -um STP (82) Ohio Micrograms/cubic meter (25 C) () 24-HOUR SITE ID P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS NUM REQ VALID DAYS %OBS ST MAX 2ND MAX 3RD MAX 4TH MAX DAY MAX >STD EST DAYS >STD WTD ARITH MEANCERT EDT 39-3-6 743 Lima Allen 34 FINDLAY RD. 2 62 5 6 5 25 34 28 28 27 2.3* 39-3-7 743 Lima Allen ROUSCH RD. 2 62 5 6 5 25 37 37 34 3 2.9* 39-3-8 743 Lima Allen NORTH STREET 2 62 5 6 5 25 27 2 2 2 5.9* 39-7-3 259 Middletown Butler BONITA & ST JOHN 2 63 57 6 57 93 52 39 3 3 8. 39-7-5 259 Middletown Butler 39 LEFFERSON 2 63 6 6 6 57 54 38 36 2.2 39-29-2 87 East Liverpool Columbiana 222 MICHIGAN 2 62 58 6 58 95 4 39 35 34 9.3 39-29-22 87 East Liverpool Columbiana 5 MARYLAND 2 62 58 6 58 95 37 36 35 35 2.4 39-35-38 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga 2547 ST TIKHON 2 63 353 83 83 68 65 62 62 24.9 55 39-35-45 39-35-6 229 229 Cleveland Cleveland Cuyahoga Cuyahoga 495 BROADWAY AVE. E. 4TH & ORANGE 2 2 63 63 59 6 6 6 59 6 97 98 5 68 47 96 45 84 4 8 6.57 22.9 36.9 39-35-6 3 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga E. 4TH & ORANGE 2 79 8685 365 364 43 22 9 7 29.2 39-35-65 229 Newburgh Heights Cuyahoga 46 HARVARD AVE. 2 63 6 6 6 98 75 69 68 64 3.7 39-35-2 229 Brook Park Cuyahoga 69 HOLLAND RD. 2 63 58 6 58 95 38 3 3 3 4.8 39-49-24 85 Columbus Franklin STATE FAIRGROUNDS 2 63 6 6 6 86 7 54 49 23.3 39-49-24 2 85 Columbus Franklin STATE FAIRGROUNDS 2 63 6 6 6 98 78 77 53 47 23.2 39-57-5 287 Yellow Springs Greene DAYTON ST. 2 62 59 6 59 97 45 3 3 3 5.8 39-6-4 259 Cincinnati Hamilton SEYMOUR & VINE ST. 2 63 5 6 5 84 43 4 37 36 2.2* Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) PM Total -um STP (82) Ohio Micrograms/cubic meter (25 C) () 24-HOUR SITE ID P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS NUM REQ VALID DAYS %OBS ST MAX 2ND MAX 3RD MAX 4TH MAX DAY MAX >STD EST DAYS >STD WTD ARITH MEANCERT EDT 39-6-4 9 259 Cincinnati Hamilton 25 WM. HOWARD TAFT 2 79 792 365 33 9 49 49 49 48 2.6* 39-6-5 259 Lockland Hamilton COOPER AVE. 2 63 57 6 57 93 43 36 3 3 7.4 39-6-5 2 259 Lockland Hamilton COOPER AVE. 2 63 55 6 55 9 43 36 3 3 7.9 39-63-2 743 Findlay Hancock 986 C.R. 33 2 62 5 6 5 25 34 3 28 27 7.6* 39-63-3 743 Findlay Hancock 986 CR 33 2 62 5 6 5 25 46 42 36 27 2.3* 39-63-4 743 Findlay Hancock C.R. 44 2 62 5 6 5 25 29 29 26 23 7.7* 39-8- 89 Not in a city 4 THIRD ST., BRILLIANT 2 63 59 6 59 97 44 42 4 34 9. 39-8-7 89 Steubenville 68 LOGAN ST. 2 63 6 6 6 98 43 42 42 4 2.4 56 39-85- 39-87-2 595 88 Fairport Harbor (Fairport) Ironton Lake Lawrence 325 VINE ST. 45 Commerce Drive 2 2 62 62 59 6 6 6 59 6 97 98 44 38 36 33 28 3 27 3 3.9 2.4 39-93-32 87 Lorain 28 LAKE BREEZE 2 62 57 6 57 93 48 26 26 25 4.2 39-95-3 2 22 Toledo Lucas LEE & FRONT 2 79 8592 365 36 99 86 75 69 69 2.4 39-99-5 634 Youngstown Mahoning 45 MADISON AVE. 2 63 6 6 6 98 4 3 29 29 6.5 39-99-6 634 Youngstown Mahoning 524 OAKLAND AVE. 2 63 6 6 6 46 35 33 29 7.9 39-99-6 2 634 Youngstown Mahoning 524 OAKLAND AVE. 2 63 6 6 6 47 34 34 3 8. 39-3-7 287 Moraine Montgomery 2728 VIKING LANE 2 63 6 6 6 55 43 37 36 9.7 39-3-7 2 287 Moraine Montgomery 2728 VIKING LANE 2 63 58 6 58 95 53 44 37 36 9.8 39-45-3 88 Portsmouth Scioto 4862 GALLIA 2 62 6 6 6 34 33 33 29 7.3 Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) PM Total -um STP (82) Ohio Micrograms/cubic meter (25 C) () 24-HOUR SITE ID P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS NUM REQ VALID DAYS %OBS ST MAX 2ND MAX 3RD MAX 4TH MAX DAY MAX >STD EST DAYS >STD WTD ARITH MEANCERT EDT 39-45-3 2 88 Portsmouth Scioto 4862 GALLIA 2 62 6 6 6 36 35 32 28 7.5 39-45-9 88 Portsmouth Scioto 65 WASHINGTON 2 62 62 6 6 32 3 3 29 8.8 39-45-2 299 Not in a city Scioto 284 BACK RD. 2 5 8653 365 36 99 4 39 38 36 6. 39-45-2 299 Franklin Furnace Scioto 2446 GALLIA PIKE 2 5 8692 365 363 99 72 57 48 43 9.4 39-45-22 299 Not in a city Scioto 74 GALLIA PIKE 2 5 872 365 362 99 34 32 32 3 3.8 39-55-5 634 Warren Trumbull 54 LAIRD AVE. 2 62 6 6 6 98 4 29 29 28 5.5 39-55-5 2 634 Warren Trumbull 54 LAIRD AVE. 2 62 6 6 6 98 4 28 27 27 5.4 39-55-6 634 Warren Trumbull 2323 MAIN AVE. 2 62 6 6 6 38 32 28 27 6.2 57 Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria.

Particulate Matter <2.5μ (PM 2.5 ) On July 8, 997, the U.S. EPA promulgated revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate matter. The primary standard includes only those particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to a nominal 2.5 micrometers. This new standard is referred to as the PM 2.5 standard (particulate matter <2.5 micrometers). The annual standard is 5μg/m 3 annual arithmetic mean (average over three consecutive years' data). The 24-hour standard is met when the 98 th percentile concentration averaged over three consecutive years, is less than or equal to 35μg/m 3. The 24-Hour National Ambient Air Quality Standard was changed from 65μg/m 3 to 35μg/m 3 effective in December 26. This revision to the particulate matter program is due to research findings concerning particle size. Particulate matter can harm body tissue such as the linings of the nose and throat and the lungs by simple mechanical irritation. Nasal hairs and sneezing are the body's natural defenses against some of the relatively large particles (5- microns). However, small particles can slip past these defenses and penetrate deep into the lungs where they can damage lung tissues. Because of the final action to set the fine particulate standards by U.S. EPA to supplement PM, the Ohio Air Monitoring Network had a peak of 52 sites in 28. There were 45 PM 2.5 sites in 2. Those 45 sites have a total of 95 monitors reporting data. There are 25 continuous monitors of which 5 are Federal Equivalent Method monitors and 4 speciation monitors in addition to the 63 Federal Reference monitors. The Federal Reference and Federal Equivalent Method monitors are used to determine compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, the speciation monitors are used for analysis to determine the composition of the particulate and the continuous monitors are primarily used for the Air Quality Index and for real time reporting of particulate data to the public. Since most continuous and all speciation analysis monitors are not Federal Reference or Equivalent Methods those data are not used to determine compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 58

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88) Ohio Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (5) 24-HOUR SITE ID P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH NUM CRED DAYS ST MAX 2ND MAX 3RD MAX 98TH WTD 4TH PERCENTILE ARITH MAX VALUE MEAN CERT EDT 39-3-9 88 Lima Allen 285 BIBLE ROAD 2 42 42 28. 24.7 23.5 8.3 28..84* 39-9-3 89 Not in a city Athens S.R. 377 GIFFORD STATE FOREST 2 2 57 22.8 8.5 8. 7.7 8.5 8.72 39-7-3 259 Middletown Butler BONITA & ST JOHN 2 42 9 32.2 3.8 28.8 27.5 28.8 2.7 39-7-6 259 Butler 4 NILLES RD. 2 42 6 3.4 27.7 26.8 26.6 26.8 2.39 39-7-9 259 Middletown Butler 3 OXFORD STATE ROAD 2 42 69 32. 28.4 28. 27.5 28.4 2.74* 39-7-2 259 Middletown Butler 335 YANKEE ROAD 2 42 57 3.6 28.3 27.3 25.2 28.3 3.6* 39-23-5 287 Clark 35 N. FOUNTAIN AVE. 2 42 2 3.4 29.3 28. 26.5 28. 2.3 59 39-25-22 259 Batavia Clermont 24 CLERMONT CENTER DR. 2 6 33.2 3.2 28. 2. 3.2.4 39-35-34 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga 89 E. 52 ST. 2 2 7 27. 24.5 22.6 2.7 22.6.3 39-35-38 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga 2547 ST TIKHON 2 2 37.9 36.2 29.7 29.4 29.7 2.57 39-35-38 2 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga 2547 ST TIKHON 2 27 27.3 24.5 23.8 23.7 27.3 2.77 39-35-45 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga 495 BROADWAY AVE. 2 2 9 28.5 26.3 25.2 23.5 25.2.86 39-35-6 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga E. 4TH & ORANGE 2 2 7 28.2 26.6 26.5 26.4 26.5 2.53 39-35-65 229 Newburgh Heights Cuyahoga 46 HARVARD AVE. 2 2 5 28.9 27.8 27. 26. 27. 2.64 39-35-2 229 Brook Park Cuyahoga 69 HOLLAND RD. 2 2 7 27.5 25.4 23.9 22.7 23.9.4 39-49-24 85 Columbus Franklin STATE 2 2 3 3. 23.7 23.6 23.3 23.6.86 Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88) Ohio Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (5) 24-HOUR SITE ID P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH NUM CRED DAYS ST MAX 2ND MAX 3RD MAX 98TH WTD 4TH PERCENTILE ARITH MAX VALUE MEAN CERT EDT FAIRGROUNDS 39-49-25 85 Columbus Franklin 7 ANN ST. 2 2 5 3.4 26. 23.6 23.6 23.6.42 39-49-25 2 85 Columbus Franklin 7 ANN ST. 2 2 58 25.6 22.6 22.2 2.2 22.6.6 39-49-29 3 85 New Albany Franklin 76 FODOR RD. 2 7 359 3.7 3.6 3.3 29.2 26.6.9 39-49-8 85 Columbus Franklin 575 MAPLE CANYON 2 2 5 28.9 24.3 2.4 2.4 2.4.95 39-57-5 287 Yellow Springs Greene DAYTON ST. 2 42 6 29.4 28.5 26.4 25.2 26.4.3 39-57-5 2 287 Yellow Springs Greene DAYTON ST. 2 42 5 4.4 2.7 2.2 2.2 4.4 8.24* 39-6-6 259 Blue Ash Hamilton 59 GROOMS RD 2 2 4 33. 28. 25.7 25.4 25.7.74 6 39-6- 259 Cleves Hamilton 695 RIPPLE RD. 2 2 52 28.3 26.2 26. 23. 26.2.77* 39-6-4 259 Cincinnati Hamilton SEYMOUR & VINE ST. 2 2 8 29.4 29. 28.2 28. 28.2 3.24 39-6-4 2 259 Cincinnati Hamilton SEYMOUR & VINE ST. 2 2 59 29.7 28.4 27.3 24.7 28.4 3.3 39-6-4 259 Cincinnati Hamilton 25 WM. HOWARD TAFT 2 42 2 3.8 3.5 29.7 28.9 29.7 2.7 39-6-4 3 259 Cincinnati Hamilton 25 WM. HOWARD TAFT 2 7 72 36.6 3.4 3.9 29.5 29.5 3.44* 39-6-4 4 259 Cincinnati Hamilton 25 WM. HOWARD TAFT 2 42 59 29. 28.8 22.6 2.9 28.8.85 39-6-42 259 Cincinnati Hamilton 2 W. 8TH ST. 2 42 9 33.7 3. 3.2 29.5 3.2 3.34 39-8-7 89 Steubenville 68 LOGAN ST. 2 29 36.8 34.9 34.4 34. 29.9 2.6* 39-8-7 3 89 Steubenville 68 LOGAN ST. 2 7 6 35.9 35.9 34. 33.5 33.5 3.78* 39-8- 89 Mingo Junction 5 COMMERICAL 2 2 54 24.9 24.9 23.2 22.4 24.9.37 Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88) Ohio Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (5) 24-HOUR SITE ID P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH NUM CRED DAYS ST MAX 2ND MAX 3RD MAX 98TH WTD 4TH PERCENTILE ARITH MAX VALUE MEAN CERT EDT 39-8- 2 89 Mingo Junction 5 COMMERICAL 2 2 48 27.8 2.2 2. 9.5 27.8.56* 39-85-7 595 Painesville Lake 77 MAIN STREET 2 2 7 25.3 24.5 23.3 22.5 23.3 9.44 39-85-7 2 595 Painesville Lake 77 MAIN STREET 2 2 6 26.5 22.7 2.2 9.5 22.7 9.8 39-87-2 88 Ironton Lawrence 45 Commerce Drive 2 2 27. 23.5 22.9 2.8 22.9.78 39-93-32 87 Lorain 28 LAKE BREEZE 2 2 9 24.7 23.6 23. 2.6 23. 9.38 39-93-32 2 87 Lorain 28 LAKE BREEZE 2 2 55 23. 2. 9.2 8. 2. 9.35 39-95-24 22 Toledo Lucas 348 S. ERIE 2 7 27.6 26.6 26.4 25.5 26.4.76 6 39-95-24 39-95-26 2 22 22 Toledo Toledo Lucas Lucas 348 S. ERIE 428 AIRPORT HIGHWAY 2 2 8 55 3 23.5 24.2 23.2 23.9 2.3 23.5 8.3 23.4 23.2 23.5 9.75.69 39-95-28 22 Toledo Lucas 6 COLLINS PARK 2 8 5 29. 26.7 25.5 25.3 25.5.42 39-99-5 634 Youngstown Mahoning 45 MADISON AVE. 2 2 6 37. 25. 2. 9.7 25..69 39-99-5 2 634 Youngstown Mahoning 45 MADISON AVE. 2 2 59 3.5 24.9 9.5 9. 24.9.5 39-99-4 634 Youngstown Mahoning 345 OAKHILL AVE. 2 2 8 29.5 29.3 24.8 24.7 24.8.32 39-3-4 2 Not in a city Medina BALLASH ROAD 2 2 2 3.7 27.9 25. 23.6 25..8 39-3-4 3 2 Not in a city Medina BALLASH ROAD 2 7 46 3.3 24.6 24.4 23.5 3.3 2.73* 39-3-32 287 Dayton Montgomery 25 EAST THIRD ST. 2 45 7 3.5 29.9 28.5 27.5 28.5 2.8 39-3-32 2 287 Dayton Montgomery 25 EAST THIRD ST. 2 45 6 32. 29. 24.9 23. 29..7 39-33-2 2 Ravenna Portage 53 2 6 28.6 25.8 23.2 22.5 23.2.48 Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88) Ohio Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (5) 24-HOUR SITE ID P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH NUM CRED DAYS ST MAX 2ND MAX 3RD MAX 98TH WTD 4TH PERCENTILE ARITH MAX VALUE MEAN CERT EDT WASHINGTON 39-35- 287 New Paris Preble 694 OXFORD GETTYSBURG RD. 2 45 6 26.8 24.9 24.9 24. 24.9.87 39-45-3 88 Portsmouth Scioto 4862 GALLIA 2 2 6 32. 22.5 2.2 2. 2.2.8 39-45-3 2 88 Portsmouth Scioto 4862 GALLIA 2 2 56 2.3 2.5 2. 8.7 2.5.5 39-5-7 5 Canton Stark 33 DUEBER 2 332 33.7 33.6 3.9 29.4 28. 2.79 39-5-7 2 5 Canton Stark 33 DUEBER 2 42 55 26.6 26.5 25.3 2.6 26.5.76* 39-5-2 5 Canton Stark 42 MARKET 2 42 4 26. 24. 23. 22.3 23..28 39-53-7 2 Akron Summit 8 BRITTAIN 2 8 5 29.5 27. 26.6 26.4 26.6.63 39-53-7 2 2 Akron Summit 8 BRITTAIN 2 8 57 25.6 24.7 2.2 2.7 24.7.6 39-53-7 3 2 Akron Summit 8 BRITTAIN 2 7 3 26.8 26. 25.7 25.3 25.7 2.6* 62 39-53-23 2 Akron Summit 66 W. EXCHANGE ST. 2 8 6 28.4 26. 24.8 23. 24.8. 39-55-5 634 Warren Trumbull 54 LAIRD AVE. 2 2 9 28. 25.5 24.9 23.6 24.9.56 39-65-7 259 Lebanon Warren 46 SOUTHEAST ST. 2 59 29.6 28.4 25.5 22. 28.4.3 Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria.

63 PM-2.5 Continuous Monitor Data Site ID POC Rep Org City County Address Year Method #OBS st Max 2nd Max 3rd Max 4th Max Arith Mean 39-- 3 88 West Union Adams 2 N. Wilson Dr. 2 75 7683 7.6 69.4 68.2 67.2.73 -Hr 39-- 3 88 West Union Adams 2 N. Wilson Dr. 2 75 39 37.3 35.7 34.8 3.9.69 24-Hr 39-3-9 3 88 Allen 285 Bible Rd. 2 7 854 3.5 83.5 66.8 58.8 6.84 -Hr 39-3-9 3 88 Allen 285 Bible Rd. 2 7 354 29.5 24.3 23. 22.7 6.79 24-Hr 39-7-9 3 259 Middletown Butler Oxford Rd. 2 75 47 35.3 35. 27.4 27..24 24-Hr 39-7-9 3 259 Middletown Butler Oxford Rd. 2 75 359 82. 72.6 64.5 59.9.36 -Hr 39-7-2 3 259 Middletown Butler Yankee Rd. 2 75 48 38.5 36.4 32.9 32. 2.99 24-Hr 39-7-2 3 259 Middletown Butler Yankee Rd. 2 75 3555 62.3 6.3 6.9 6.6 3.6 -Hr 39-23-5 3 287 Springfield Clark 35 N. Fountain Ave. 2 75 339 32.5 3.2 29. 28.8.97 24-Hr 39-23-5 3 287 Springfield Clark 35 N. Fountain Ave. 2 75 834 95. 66.6 62.3 57.8 2. -Hr 39-25-22 3 259 Batavia Clermont 24 Clermont Center Dr. 2 76 864 56.8 53.5 53.5 5. 2.66 -Hr 39-25-22 3 259 Batavia Clermont 24 Clermont Center Dr. 2 76 362 38.5 36.8 35.9 35.5 2.63 24-Hr 39-35-38 3 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga 2547 St. Tikhon 2 76 24 4.7 32.4 29. 27.9 3.38 24-Hr 39-35-38 3 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga 2547 St. Tikhon 2 76 39 3.8 78. 65.2 63.2 3.42 -Hr 39-35-6 3 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga E. 4th & Orange 2 76 8667 93.2 9.4 88.9 86.2 6.4 -Hr 39-35-6 3 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga E. 4th & Orange 2 76 362 64.2 5.4 39.4 36.5 6. 24-Hr 39-49-29 3 85 New Albany Franklin 76 Fodor Rd. 2 7 359 3.7 3.6 3.3 29.2.9 24-Hr 39-49-34 3 85 Columbus Franklin Korbel Ave. 2 7 8692 23. 9. 9. 7.5 8.89 -Hr 39-49-34 3 85 Columbus Franklin Korbel Ave. 2 7 362 27.8 27. 25.9 25. 8.83 24-Hr 39-57-5 3 287 Yellow Springs Greene 34 Dayton St. 2 75 299 34.2 29.4 28.9 27.7.85 24-Hr 39-57-5 3 287 Yellow Springs Greene 34 Dayton St. 2 75 732 64.9 63.9 63. 62.7.9 -Hr 39-6-6 3 259 Cincinnati Hamilton 59 Grooms Rd. 2 75 3 42.8 38.4 38. 35. 3.56 24-Hr 39-6-6 3 259 Cincinnati Hamilton 59 Grooms Rd. 2 75 723 7.4 63.3 62. 6.7 3.62 -Hr 39-6- 3 259 Cleves Hamilton 695 Ripple Rd 2 73 75 38.8 32.9 32.7 3.9 2.42 24-Hr 39-6- 3 259 Cleves Hamilton 695 Ripple Rd 2 73 4288 67.9 62.9 6.8 6.8 2.53 -Hr 39-6-4 3 259 Cincinnati Hamilton 25 Wm Howard Taft 2 76 742 54.4 54. 52.9 48. 2.59 -Hr 39-6-4 3 259 Cincinnati Hamilton 25 Wm Howard Taft 2 76 3 32. 3. 29.8 27.5 2.53 24-Hr Hourly data not to be compared to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards

64 PM-2.5 Continuous Monitor Data Site ID POC Rep Org City County Address Year Method #OBS st Max 2nd Max 3rd Max 4th Max Arith Mean 39-8-7 3 89 Steubenville Jefferson 68 Logan St. 2 7 89 25.3 24.3 23.6 22.7 8.49 24-Hr 39-8-7 3 89 Steubenville Jefferson 68 Logan St. 2 7 456 4.8 97.2 88. 74. 8.6 -Hr 39-85-7 3 595 Painesville Lake 77 Main St. 2 76 8738 4. 39. 39. 39..4 -Hr 39-85-7 3 595 Painesville Lake 77 Main St. 2 76 65 33.9 29.6 28.7 28.4. 24-Hr 39-87-2 3 88 Ironton Lawrence 45 Commerce Dr. 2 75 364 45.5 44. 42.5 4.9 3.67 24-Hr 39-87-2 3 88 Ironton Lawrence 45 Commerce Dr. 2 75 8746 2.9 2.5 2.9 7.7 3.7 -Hr 39-93-32 3 87 Sheffield Lorain 28 Lake Breeze 2 76 5295 74.3 73.9 65.5 64.6 8.66 -Hr 39-93-32 3 87 Sheffield Lorain 28 Lake Breeze 2 76 28 28.8 23.8 22.9 2.6 8.6 24-Hr 39-93-32 3 87 Sheffield Lorain 28 Lake Breeze 2 7 22 27.5 27. 22.5 22.2 7.28 24-Hr 39-93-32 3 87 Sheffield Lorain 28 Lake Breeze 2 7 292 64.5 56.5 52. 49.6 7.32 -Hr 39-95-24 3 22 Toledo Lucas 348 S. Erie 2 7 8656 74.4 63.6 6.9 54.3.6 -Hr 39-95-24 3 22 Toledo Lucas 348 S. Erie 2 7 362 4.9 27. 26.7 26.3. 24-Hr 39-99-4 3 634 Youngstown Mahoning 345 Oakhill Ave. 2 7 364 33.5 29.3 27. 25.8.35 24-Hr 39-99-4 3 634 Youngstown Mahoning 345 Oakhill Ave. 2 7 876 79.4 73.3 63. 62..4 -Hr 39-3-4 3 2 Medina Ballash Rd. 2 7 46 3.3 24.6 24.4 23.5 2.73 24-Hr 39-3-32 3 287 Dayton Montgomery 25 East Third St. 2 75 339 34. 33.2 32.2 32. 2.53 24-Hr 39-3-32 3 287 Dayton Montgomery 25 East Third St. 2 75 864 3.7 2.4 92.4 78.9 2.53 -Hr 39-35- 3 287 Preble National Trails 2 75 8729 57.8 57.2 52.9 5.9. -Hr 39-35- 3 287 Preble National Trails 2 75 365 3.2 3. 29. 28.9.8 24-Hr 39-5-2 3 5 Canton Stark 42 Market 2 358 29.2 26.7 25.4 24.8 8.48 24-Hr 39-5-2 3 5 Canton Stark 42 Market 2 8567 97.7 85.2 78.4 67.4 8.54 -Hr 39-53-7 3 2 Akron Summit 8 Brittain 2 7 3 26.8 26. 25.7 25.3 2.6 24-Hr 39-55-5 3 634 Warren Trumbull 54 Laird Ave. 2 7 8657 2.8 2.2 82.2 62..4 -Hr 39-55-5 3 634 Warren Trumbull 54 Laird Ave. 2 7 36 35.9 3. 28. 27.9.9 24-Hr 39-65-7 3 259 Lebanon Warren 46 Southeast S. 2 73 325 38.9 35. 34.9 33.9 3.8 24-Hr 39-65-7 3 259 Lebanon Warren 46 Southeast S. 2 73 7928 63. 6.4 58.2 57. 3.76 -Hr Hourly data not to be compared to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards

PM-2.5 Speciation Monitor Data Site ID POC Rep Org City County Address Year Method #OBS st Max 2nd Max 3rd Max 4th Max Arith Mean 39-35-38 6 27 Cleveland Cuyahoga 2547 St. Tikhon 2 8 55 29.8 27.3 23.6 23.5 2.64 39-35-6 5 27 Cleveland Cuyahoga E. 4th & Orange 2 8 95 35.8 3.9 3. 27.9 3.93 39-35-6 6 27 Cleveland Cuyahoga E. 4th & Orange 2 8 2 2.7 2. 3.8 3.6.54 39-49-8 6 27 Columbus Franklin 575 Maple Canyon 2 8 6 25.7 22.9 22.8 22.5.52 39-6-4 5 27 Cincinnati Hamilton 25 Wm Howard Taft 2 8 5 3.2 29.9 29.2 29. 2.34 39-8- 5 27 Mingo Junction Jefferson 5 Commercial 2 8 57 38.9 35.9 28.6 28. 5. 39-87-2 5 27 Ironton Lawrence 45 Commerce Dr. 2 8 6 27.3 23.6 22.4 9.7.39 39-93-32 5 27 Sheffield Lorain 28 Lake Breeze 2 8 53 26.6 9.7 9.4 8.5 9.33 39-95-26 5 27 Toledo Lucas 428 Airport Highway 2 8 5 33. 24.5 2.3 2.. 39-99-4 5 27 Youngstown Mahoning 345 Oakhill Ave. 2 8 57 26. 24.2 23.2 2.7.4 39-3-32 5 27 Dayton Montgomery 25 East Third St. 2 8 52 3.3 3.5 23.8 23.2.98 39-35- 5 27 New Paris Preble 694 Oxford Gettysburg Rd. 2 8 5 28.5 26. 25.2 24.6.3 39-5-7 5 27 Canton Stark 33 Dueber 2 8 49 28.6 24.3 23.2 22..29 39-53-23 5 27 Akron Summit 66 W. Exchange St. 2 8 58 3.2 28.6 24.5 22.8 2.6 65

PM-25 98th Percentile Averages Site County Year Average 29 2 2 '9-' 39-3-9 Allen 35.2 28. 39-9-3 Athens 7.6 7. 8.5 8 39-7-3 Butler 27.4 3.7 28.8 29 39-7-6 27.2 32. 26.8 29 39-7-9 28.4 39-7-2 28.3 39-23-5 Clark 26.3 29.5 28. 28 39-25-22 Clermont 22. 27.7 3.2 27 39-35-27 Cuyahoga 23. 39-35-34 24.7 26.8 22.6 25 39-35-38 29.9 3.5 29.7 3 39-35-45 23.5 32.7 25.2 27 39-35-6 28.9 3.9 26.5 29 39-35-65 28.9 27.3 27. 28 39-35-2 2.5 26.5 23.9 24 39-49-24 Franklin 23.2 3.9 23.6 26 39-49-25 26.9 33.5 23.6 28 39-49-29 29.5 26.6 39-49-8 25.7 29. 2.4 25 39-57-5 Greene 25.2 27.6 26.4 26 39-6-6 Hamilton 24.2 29. 25.7 26 39-6- 26.2 39-6-4 27. 32.3 28.2 29 39-6-4 24.8 28.7 29.7 28 39-6-42 27. 35. 3.2 3 39-6-7 25.7 32.5 39-6-8 28.7 33.3 39-8-7 Jefferson 24.7 29.8 29.9 28 39-8- 23.3 25. 24.9 24 39-85-7 Lake 9.8 26.9 23.3 39-87-2 Lawrence 2.4 25. 22.9 23 39-93-32 Lorain 2.5 24.4 23. 23 39-95-24 Lucas 27.3 26.6 26.4 39-95-26 23.5 3. 23.5 26 39-95-28 28.8 28.2 25.5 28 39-99-5 Mahoning 26.6 33.4 25. 28 39-99-4 28. 29. 24.8 27 39-3-3 Medina 25.7 28.8 39-3-4 27.9 39-3-32 Montgomery 26.8 3.4 28.5 29 39-33-2 Portage 23.8 3.9 23.2 26 39-35- Preble 2. 3.2 24.9 25 39-45-3 Scioto 2.8 24.4 2.2 22 39-5-7 Stark 3. 33. 28. 3 39-5-2 27.5 32.2 23. 28 39-53-7 Summit 29.2 32.7 26.4 29 39-53-23 24.8 3.2 24.8 27 39-55-5 Trumbull 3. 24.9 39-65-7 Warren 23.6 27. 28.4 26 Less than 75% capture Combination of two adjacent site's data Data for 29-2 corrected to consolidate POC and POC 2 data with AMP-355 66

PM-2.5 Average of Annual Averages Site County Year Average 29 2 2 '9-' 39-3-9 Allen.9.8 39-9-3 Athens 9. 9.2 8.7 9. 39-7-3 Butler 2.8 3.6 2.7 3. 39-7-6 3. 3.5 2.4 3. 39-7-9 2.7 39-7-2 3.6 39-23-5 Clark 2.4 3. 2.3 2.6 39-25-22 Clermont. 2...3 39-35-27 Cuyahoga.6 39-35-34.2.9..4 39-35-38 2.8 4. 2.6 3. 39-35-45.8 3.3.9 2.3 39-35-6 2.3 3.7 2.5 2.8 39-35-65 2.4 3.2 2.6 2.7 39-35-2.9.3.4.9 39-49-24 Franklin.5 3..9 2.2 39-49-25.5 2.6.5.9 39-49-29 2.6.9 39-49-8.8.9.9.2 39-57-5 Greene.5 3.2.3 2. 39-6-6 Hamilton 2. 2.7.7 2.2 39-6-.8 39-6-4 3.4 4.8 3.2 3.8 39-6-4 2.7 3.3 2.4 2.8 39-6-42 3.7 4.5 3.3 3.8 39-6-7 3. 4. 39-6-8 3.4 7.6 39-8-7 Jefferson 2. 2.7 2.7 2.5 39-8-.2 2.7.3.7 39-85-7 Lake.4.4 9.4 39-87-2 Lawrence.3 2..8 39-93-32 Lorain 9.9.4 9.4 9.9 39-95-24 Lucas.4.2.6 39-95-26.9.4.7 39-95-28.4.4.4.4 39-99-5 Mahoning.3 2.4.6.4 39-99-4.7 2.4.3.8 39-3-3 Medina.8.8 39-3-4..9 39-3-32 Montgomery 2.4 4. 2. 2.8 39-33-2 Portage..2.5.9 39-35- Preble. 2..9.3 39-45-3 Scioto.9.8.2. 39-5-7 Stark 3. 4.4 2.8 3.4 39-5-2.9 3.8.3 2.3 39-53-7 Summit 2.6 3.4.8 2.6 39-53-23.4 2.5..7 39-55-5 Trumbull.9.6 39-65-7 Warren.7.9..5 Less than 75% Capture Combination of two adjacent site's data Data for 29-2 corrected to consolidate POC and POC 2 data with AMP-355 67

Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas formed through the combination of sulfur and oxygen during combustion. The major sources of SO 2 are the burning of sulfur-containing fossil fuels (mainly coal), with lesser amounts caused by industrial processes such as smelting. Over 4% of the SO 2 found in the ambient air is the result of human activities. The control of SO 2 emissions from these sources is accomplished primarily by burning coal or oil with a relatively low sulfur content. Newer boilers may be equipped with flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems that use a caustic solution to scrub SO 2 from the exhaust gas stream. Sulfur dioxide is harmful because it can be converted to sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) when it comes in contact with moisture, either in the atmosphere, on plants, materials, or in the lungs. Sulfur Dioxide can also be converted to a sulfate (SO 4 2- ) which as a particulate (aerosol) helps form acid rain and can also be a lung irritant. The presence of increased levels of SO 2 in the atmosphere has been associated with a higher incidence of respiratory diseases, higher death rates, and property damage. Sampling Methods Sulfur dioxide is measured continuously by instruments using pulsed fluorescent techniques. Fluorescent analyzers irradiate an ambient air sample with ultraviolet light. Sulfur dioxide gas molecules absorb a portion of this energy, and then re-emit the energy at a characteristic wavelength of light. This light energy emitted by SO 2 molecules is sensed by a photomultiplier tube and converted to an electronic signal proportional to the concentration of SO 2 present. All concentrations for SO 2 are given in parts per million (ppm). Reports for 995 and earlier used the units 'micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m 3 ) to report data. The primary units to report data were changed by U.S. EPA in May of 996. 68

National Ambient Air Quality Standards On June 22, 2 the U.S. EPA revised the NAAQS for SO 2 by adding a -Hour standard which is the three year average of the 99 th percentile concentration in each year at each monitoring site. The level of the standard is 75 ppb which is not to be exceeded. The older NAAQS: Annual, 24-Hour and 3-Hour were retained. 69

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) Sulfur dioxide (424) Ohio Parts per billion (8) SITE ID P ST 2ND 99TH ST 2ND Days ARITH O COMP MAX MAX PCTL MAX MAX >24HR MEAN C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH OBS QTRS -HR -HR -HR 24-HR 24-HR STD AN-STD CERT EDT 39-- 39-3-9 39-7- 39-9-4 39-3-32 2 88 88 87 335 89 West Union Lima Conneaut Athens Shadyside Adams Allen Ashtabula Athens Belmont 2 N. WILSON DR. 285 BIBLE ROAD 77 LAKE RD. 776 BLACKBURN ROAD EAST 4 ST. 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 8374 89 8359 5498 8264 4 4 4 3 4 38. 9. 23. 73.4 68. 35. 8. 23. 73.3 54. 3. 4. 9. 58. 47..3 7.3 9.7 2. 3.8. 6.7 9.5 5.2 3.2.78.35.84 4.5* 2.8 7 39-7-9 39-7-2 39-23-3 39-29-22 39-35-38 39-35-45 39-35-6 39-35-6 39-35-65 39-6- 39-6-4 2 2 2 259 259 287 87 229 229 229 229 229 259 259 Middletown Middletown Enon East Liverpool Cleveland Cleveland Cleveland Cleveland Newburgh Heights Cleves Cincinnati Butler Butler Clark Columbiana Cuyahoga Cuyahoga Cuyahoga Cuyahoga Cuyahoga Hamilton Hamilton 3 OXFORD STATE ROAD 335 YANKEE ROAD 54 SPANGLER 5 MARYLAND 2547 ST TIKHON 495 BROADWAY AVE. E. 4TH & ORANGE E. 4TH & ORANGE 46 HARVARD AVE. 695 RIPPLE RD. 25 WM. HOWARD TAFT 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 56 6 592 335 4294 8726 837 8523 8634 883 89 8526 84 6975 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 49. 88. 28. 36. 5. 85. 9. 82. 76. 5. 2.8 29. 77. 27. 32. 6. 6. 73. 74.3 73.. 44.3 29. 77. 22. 27. 78. 38. 67. 6.5 63. 84. 39.7 6.8 8. 3.4 8.7 25..4 25.9 2.6 4. 3.3 3.2 6. 4.5 9.3 8.6 24.3 9.2 2.4 8.8 3.3 25.7 2.8.8*.5*.2 2.3 3.96.66 5.87 3.7.68 2.63 4.2* Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) Sulfur dioxide (424) Ohio Parts per billion (8) SITE ID P ST 2ND 99TH ST 2ND Days ARITH O COMP MAX MAX PCTL MAX MAX >24HR MEAN C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH OBS QTRS -HR -HR -HR 24-HR 24-HR STD AN-STD CERT EDT 39-8-7 39-8-8 39-8-2 39-85-3 39-85-7 39-87-2 39-99-3 89 373 373 595 595 88 634 Steubenville Not in a city Not in a city Eastlake Painesville Ironton Youngstown Lake Lake Lawrence Mahoning 68 LOGAN ST. 3487 COUNTY RD. 9 469 3rd ST. 36 LAKESHORE 77 MAIN STREET 45 Commerce Drive 345 OAKHILL 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 77 77 6 6 8322 8356 8324 8724 8738 838 8342 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 92. 73. 62. 3. 85. 37. 53. 47. 67. 53. 44. 56. 37. 47. 4. 55. 43. 32. 45. 34. 4. 3.5 2.5 9.9 3.8 57.2 4.2 4. 26..9 9.5 3. 54.5 7.8 2.3 5.57 3.77 3.62 4. 7.26 2.32.98 7 39-5-3 39-5- 39-5-4 89 89 89 Pomeroy Pomeroy Not in a city Meigs Meigs Morgan 7 MEMORIAL DRIVE MULBERRY AVE. S.R. 83 2 2 2 6 6 3928 46 8376 2 2 4 93. 9. 98. 88.. 95. 88.. 75. 9.4 7.7 42.6 8.7 4.4 4. 2.46* 3.3* 4.2 39-35- 39-45-3 287 88 New Paris Portsmouth Preble Scioto 694 OXFORD GETTYSBURG RD. 4862 GALLIA 2 2 592 6 5735 838 4 44.9 43. 33.9 32. 33.9 23. 9.2 3.2 8.3.3 2.2*.85 39-45-2 39-45-22 39-53-7 299 299 2 Not in a city Not in a city Akron Scioto Scioto Summit 284 BACK RD. 74 GALLIA PIKE 8 BRITTAIN 2 2 2 6 6 8646 862 8282 4 4 4 86.6 84. 38. 46.3 5. 28. 4.2 42.8 24. 4.9 9.6.8 8.7 2.2 6.9.52.72.45 39-53-22 39-57-6 2 89 Akron Sugarcreek Summit Tuscarawas 77 S. BROADWAY 527 CRESCENT 2 2 6 8327 8383 4 4 45. 68. 44. 6. 4. 55. 22.6 8.9 8. 6.4 3.2 3.56 Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria.

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Nitrogen dioxide is a toxic gas formed in high temperature combustion processes, when nitrogen in the air is oxidized to nitric oxide (NO) or nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ). The major sources of NO 2 are high temperature fuel combustion, motor vehicles, and certain chemical processes. Nitrogen dioxide has been associated with a variety of respiratory diseases through its ability to reduce cell immunity or resistance to bacteria and viruses. Nitrogen dioxide is also harmful due to its involvement in the production of photochemical oxidants such as ozone (O 3 ). Sampling Methods Continuous monitoring of nitrogen dioxide is based on a chemiluminescent reaction between NO and O 3. When these two gases react, light energy at a specific wavelength is produced. In the monitor, ambient air is drawn along two paths. In the first path, the air is reacted directly with ozone, and the light energy produced is proportional to the amount of nitric oxide in the air. In the second path, the air is reacted with ozone after it passes through a catalytic reduction surface. The reduction surface converts NO 2 to NO and the light energy produced is a measure of the total oxides of nitrogen in the air sample. The electronic difference of these two signals yields the concentration of nitrogen dioxide. All concentrations for NO 2 are given in parts per billion (ppb). National Ambient Air Quality Standards On February 9, 2 the U.S. EPA revised the NAAQS for NO 2 by adding a -Hour standard which is the three year average of the annual 98 th percentile values. The level of the standard is ppb which is not to be exceeded. The older annual NAAQS of 53 ppb was retained. 72

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (4262) Ohio Parts per billion (8) SITE ID P ST 2ND O COMP MAX MAX 98TH PCT ARITH C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH QTRS -HR -HR PCTL OBS COMP MEAN CERT EDT 39-9-4 39-35-6 39-6-4 335 229 259 Athens Cleveland Cincinnati Athens Cuyahoga Hamilton 776 BLACKBURN ROAD E. 4TH & ORANGE 25 WM. HOWARD TAFT 2 2 2 99 99 99 4 4 4 25. 56. 54. 23.9 55. 53. 2. 5. 46. 842 899 844 92 92 93 3.4 5.25 2.92 73

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas, is the most abundant and widely distributed pollutant found in the lower atmosphere. It is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon containing fuels, primarily in the internal combustion engine. About 95 to 98% of urban carbon monoxide comes from manmade sources, with transportation vehicles ranking as the largest source. The main effect of CO on human health involves its tendency to reduce the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood by binding chemically to hemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen to the cells. This may lead to short-term impairment of mental processes. Exposure to concentrations as low as -5 ppm for several hours has affected time interval discrimination in test subjects, while exposures of 3 ppm under similar conditions have temporarily altered the function of the brain. Sampling Method Carbon monoxide is monitored continuously by analyzers that operate on the infrared absorption principle. Ambient air is drawn into a sample chamber and a beam of infrared light is passed through it. CO absorbs infrared radiation, and any decrease in the intensity of the beam is due to the presence of CO molecules. This decrease is directly related to the concentration of CO in the ambient air. A special detector measures the difference in the radiation between this beam and a duplicate beam passing through a reference chamber with no CO present. This difference in intensity is electronically translated into a reading of the CO present in the ambient air, measured in parts per million. National Ambient Air Quality Standard The NAAQS for carbon monoxide are a -Hour concentration of 35 ppm which is not to be exceeded more than once per year and an 8-Hour concentration of 9 ppm which is not to be exceeded more than once per year. 74

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) Carbon monoxide (42) Ohio Parts per million (7) SITE ID P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH # OBS ST MAX -HR 2ND MAX -HR OBS ST 2ND OBS >HR MAX MAX >8HR STD 8-HR 8-HR STD CERT EDT 39-35-5 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga 3 E. 9TH ST. 2 54 832 5.7 5.5 3.3 3. 39-35-53 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga 469 PEARL RD. 2 93 76 2. 2...9 39-35-6 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga E. 4TH & ORANGE 2 554 822 3.948 3.36.3.2 39-49-5 85 Columbus Franklin 585 MORSE RD. 2 93 8682 2.3 2.3.9.5 39-6-2 259 Cincinnati Hamilton E. 5TH ST. 2 93 8267 8.8 6.4 3.2.8 39-6-4 259 Cincinnati Hamilton 25 WM. HOWARD TAFT 2 588 6269.94.59.2. 39-85-6 595 Mentor Lake 8443 MENTOR AVE. 2 5 8593.4.4.3.2 39-3-28 287 Dayton Montgomery 9 WEST FAIRVIEW AVE. 2 54 4327.4.3.. 39-3-34 287 Dayton Montgomery 7 SOUTH MAIN ST. 2 54 875 9.9 9.2 2.9 2.8 75 39-35- 287 New Paris Preble 694 OXFORD GETTYSBURG RD. 2 588 739 2.8.9.8.8 39-5-2 5 Canton Stark 42 MARKET 2 54 853 2.2 2..8.6 39-53-2 2 Akron Summit 8 PATTERSON AVE. 2 93 836.5.5.2. 39-53-22 2 Akron Summit 77 S. BROADWAY 2 93 8353.7.6.5.4

Ozone (O 3 ) Ozone differs from other pollutants in that it is not directly emitted into the atmosphere from sources. Rather, it is created photochemically in the lower atmosphere by the reaction of volatile organic compounds and oxides of nitrogen in the presence of sunlight. For this reason, it is referred to as a secondary pollutant. Ozone is the predominant oxidant component of photochemical smog. In urban areas, emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds lead to the formation of ozone and other photochemical oxidants in the lower atmosphere. Nitrogen oxides, important in triggering the sequence of photochemical reactions, are emitted primarily from combustion sources such as the internal combustion engine, electric power generation units, and gas and oil-fired space heaters. Volatile organic compounds, important in sustaining the reactions, are emitted in the exhausts of gasoline, diesel and jet engines, through the evaporation of gasoline and solvents such as dry-cleaning fluids, and from industrial and non-industrial surface coating operations such as paint booths, from open burning, and other combustion sources. Although ozone is beneficial in the upper atmosphere, where it screens out ultraviolet rays from the sun, it is harmful in the lower atmosphere. Due to the role of temperature and sunlight in its formation, the largest concentrations occur during the summer months. Ozone irritates mucous membranes of the nose and throat, causes eye irritation, reduces resistance to respiratory infections, damages plants and contributes to the deterioration of materials. Individuals with asthma or disease of the heart or circulatory system experience symptoms when concentrations are above the air quality standards. Prior to July 997 there was a one hour standard of.2 ppm with more than three exceedances being a violation of the standard. The one hour standard was revoked in 26. The standard from July 997 to May 27, 28 was an eight hour average of.8 ppm with the fourth high eight hour average averaged in each year over three consecutive years. The current standard is a three year average of the fourth highest eight hour averages at each monitoring site. If that 76

three year average is greater than.75 ppm (76 ppb or greater) a violation of the standard has occurred In 2 The United States Supreme Court found U.S. EPA s previously proposed implementation plan for ozone unlawful and further held that, in the setting of a standard for ozone pursuant to Section 9 of the Clean Air Act U.S. EPA must set air quality standards at the level that is requisite -no higher or lower than is necessary-to protect the public health with an adequate margin of safety. The Supreme Court then sent the case back to the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals to review U.S. EPA s subsequent actions. On March 26, 22, that court upheld U.S. EPA s revision of the ozone NAAQS, which had been published in the Federal Register by U.S. EPA as a proposal on November 4, 2. This report contains a printout of the one hour data and eight hour average data, as in previous reports, and printouts of the three year average of the fourth high eight hour averages calculated for each site in Ohio for the years 29 through 2 and the four highest eight hour averages during 2. A three year average was not calculated if one or more years had insufficient data. Sampling Methods Ozone is monitored continuously during our ozone season, April st through October 3 st using analyzers that operate on ultraviolet absorption techniques. Ozone absorbs ultraviolet light. Analyzers designed to measure ozone by ultraviolet photometry use this property. An air sample is drawn into the analyzer and irradiated with an ultraviolet light of 253.7 nanometers wavelength. The amount of light absorbed is related to the amount of ozone present. This is the type of monitor used by Ohio EPA and our Local Air Agencies. All concentrations for ozone are given in parts per million (ppm). 77

On the following pages are tables of ozone sites with the: Highest through fourth highest -Hour ozone values Highest through fourth highest 8-Hour ozone values Three year average of fourth highest 8-Hour ozone values (see NAAQS TABLE ) First day in each year from 992 that recorded an exceedance of the -Hour or 8-Hour standard with the number of sites and the total number of exceedances Last day in the year upon which an exceedance of the -Hour or 8-Hour standard occurred with the number of sites and values listed 78

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) Ozone (442) Ohio Parts per million (7) -HOUR SITE ID P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH VALID DAYS MEAS NUM DAYS REQ ST MAX -HR 2ND MAX -HR 3RD MAX -HR 4TH MAX -HR DAY MAX> STD EST DAYS> STD MISS DAYS< STD CERT EDT 39-3-9 88 Lima Allen 285 BIBLE ROAD 2 47 23 24.85.84.82.8. 39-7- 87 Conneaut Ashtabula 77 LAKE RD. 2 47 22 24.93.93.9.88. 39-9-4 39-7-4 39-7-8 335 259 259 Athens Hamilton Middletown Athens Butler Butler 776 BLACKBURN ROAD SCHULER AND BENDER 7 Runway Dr. 2 2 2 56 87 87 97 24 24 24 24 24.8.2.6.8.94..78.9.99.77.9.98... 2 39-7-999 39-23- 344 287 Not in a city Butler Clark Ecology Research Center, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 4556 57 URBANA 2 2 47 47 7 23 24 24.97.92.95.88.88.87.87.85.. 9 39-23-3 287 Enon Clark 54 SPANGLER 2 47 22 24.94.93.92.88. 79 39-25-22 39-27-2 259 8 Batavia Not in a city Clermont Clinton 24 CLERMONT CENTER DR. 62 LAUREL DR. 2 2 87 47 23 24 24 24.8.8.7..98.97.97.96.. 39-35-34 229 Cleveland Cuyahoga 89 E. 52 ST. 2 87 28 24.5.95.94.85. 2 39-35-6 39-35-64 229 229 Cleveland Berea Cuyahoga Cuyahoga E. 4TH & ORANGE 39 FAIR ST. 2 2 87 87 99 23 24 24.9.98.85.75.8.75.8.75.. 5 39-35-52 39-4-2 229 85 Delaware Cuyahoga Delaware 66 WILSON MILLS 359 MAIN RD. 2 2 9 47 23 24 24 24.98.85.87.84.85.83.85.82.. 39-47-999 39-49-29 344 85 Not in a city New Albany Fayette Franklin Deer Creek State Park, Mt Sterling, OH 4343 76 FODOR RD. 2 2 47 47 97 24 24 24.93..86.98.84.97.83.9.. 39-49-37 85 Columbus Franklin 777 E. BROAD 2 47 24 24.88.86.84.84.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) Ozone (442) Ohio Parts per million (7) -HOUR SITE ID P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH VALID DAYS MEAS NUM DAYS REQ ST MAX -HR 2ND MAX -HR 3RD MAX -HR 4TH MAX -HR DAY MAX> STD EST DAYS> STD MISS DAYS< STD CERT EDT 39-49-8 39-55-4 85 595 Columbus Not in a city Franklin Geauga 575 MAPLE CANYON 3 AUBURN 2 2 47 87 24 23 24 24.86..8.9.79.84.78.83.. 39-57-6 39-6-6 287 259 Xenia Blue Ash Greene Hamilton 54 LEDBETTER RD., 59 GROOMS RD 2 2 47 87 23 22 24 24.89.2.89..87.5.85... 2 39-6- 259 Cleves Hamilton 695 RIPPLE RD. 2 87 22 24.95.9.89.88. 2 39-6-4 39-8-7 259 89 Cincinnati Steubenville Hamilton 25 WM. HOWARD TAFT 68 LOGAN ST. 2 2 87 47 24 29 24 24.6.88..82.98.8.97.78.. 39-83-2 39-85-3 85 595 Centerburg Eastlake Knox Lake WATER PLT, SR. 34 36 LAKESHORE 2 2 47 87 23 24 24 24..7.92.97.88.95.88.89.. 8 39-85-7 39-87- 39-87-2 39-89-5 39-93-8 39-95-24 595 88 88 85 87 22 Painesville Not in a city Ironton Heath (Fourmile Lock) Toledo Lake Lawrence Lawrence Licking Lorain Lucas 77 MAIN STREET S.R. 4, WILGUS 45 Commerce Drive 3 LICKING VIEW DR. 476 DETROIT RD. 348 S. ERIE 2 2 2 2 2 2 87 47 47 47 47 56 24 24 23 24 23 26 24 24 24 24 24 24..84.88.3.85.83.85.8.84.89.84.79.8.78.76.88.82.79.79.73.76.86.8.74...... 3 39-95-27 39-95-34 22 22 Waterville Not in a city Lucas Lucas 2 SOUTH RIVER RD. 36 N. YONDOTA 2 2 9 56 97 2 24 24.83.98.8.86.77.82.73.8.. 39-97-7 85 Not in a city Madison 94 SR 38 SW 2 47 22 24.95.9.88.87. 39-99-3 634 Youngstown Mahoning 345 OAKHILL 2 87 24 24.92.87.83.8. 39-3-4 2 Not in a city Medina BALLASH ROAD 2 87 2 24.84.8.8.78. 3 39-9-5 287 Casstown Miami 3825 NORTH S. R. 589 2 47 24 24.86.85.83.82.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) Ozone (442) Ohio Parts per million (7) -HOUR SITE ID P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH VALID DAYS MEAS NUM DAYS REQ ST MAX -HR 2ND MAX -HR 3RD MAX -HR 4TH MAX -HR DAY MAX> STD EST DAYS> STD MISS DAYS< STD CERT EDT 39-3-37 39-2-999 39-33- 39-35- 39-5-6 287 344 2 287 5 Dayton Not in a city Not in a city New Paris Canton Montgomery Noble Portage Preble Stark 4 Harshman Road 5863 St. Johns Rd, Quaker City, OH 43773 57 RAVENNA RD. 694 OXFORD GETTYSBURG RD. 55 25TH. ST. 2 2 2 2 2 47 47 87 47 47 2 63 23 24 22 24 24 24 24 24.99.76.89.96.95.94.76.88.85.89.92.72.8.8.88.9.7.78.8.87..... 8 39-5-22 39-5-45 5 5 Brewster Alliance Stark Stark 45 S. WABASH AVENUE, S.R 93 75 WEST VINE 2 2 47 47 28 23 24 24.85..84.88.84.87.79.84.. 6 5 8 39-53-2 39-55-9 39-55- 39-65-7 39-67-4 2 634 634 259 89 Akron Not in a city Vienna Center Lebanon Marietta Summit Trumbull Trumbull Warren Washington 8 PATTERSON AVE. 6346 KINSMAN- BLOOMFIELD RD. 842 YOUNGSTOWN- KINGSVILLE RD. 46 SOUTHEAST ST. 2 4TH STREET 2 2 2 2 2 47 87 87 87 47 23 24 24 23 22 24 24 24 24 24.9.88.93.99..9.86.92.98.95.88.85.88.95.82.87.77.86.94.8..... 39-73-3 88 Bowling Green Wood 347 N DUNBRIDGE 2 47 24 24.87.83.82.8.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) 82 Ozone (442) Ohio Parts per million (7) SITE ID 8-HOUR 39-3-9 39-7- 39-9-4 39-7-4 39-7-8 39-7-999 39-23- 39-23-3 39-25-22 39-27-2 39-35-34 39-35-6 39-35-64 39-35-52 39-4-2 39-47-999 39-49-29 39-49-37 P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH 88 87 335 259 259 344 287 287 259 8 229 229 229 229 85 344 85 85 Lima Conneaut Athens Hamilton Middletown Not in a city Enon Batavia Not in a city Cleveland Cleveland Berea Delaware Not in a city New Albany Columbus Allen Ashtabula Athens Butler Butler Butler Clark Clark Clermont Clinton Cuyahoga Cuyahoga Cuyahoga Cuyahoga Delaware Fayette Franklin Franklin 285 BIBLE ROAD 77 LAKE RD. 776 BLACKBURN ROAD SCHULER AND BENDER 7 Runway Dr. Ecology Research Center, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 4556 57 URBANA 54 SPANGLER 24 CLERMONT CENTER DR. 62 LAUREL DR. 89 E. 52 ST. E. 4TH & ORANGE 39 FAIR ST. 66 WILSON MILLS 359 MAIN RD. Deer Creek State Park, Mt Sterling, OH 4343 76 FODOR RD. 777 E. BROAD 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 47 56 87 87 47 47 47 87 47 87 87 87 9 47 47 47 47 %OBS 98 92 77 99 99 99 99 96 86 98 99 99 9 VALID DAYS MEAS 23 29 97 24 24 64 22 22 22 22 26 85 2 2 22 95 23 24 NUM DAYS REQ 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 ST MAX 8-HR.76.87.75.85.94.87.82.82.97.9.87.73.8.82.78.82.88.79 2ND MAX 8-HR.76.85.73.8.84.79.8.78.93.87.87.72.72.8.74.8.88.78 3RD MAX 8-HR.75.77.73.79.83.79.8.77.85.86.86.72.67.78.73.78.88.78 4TH MAX 8-HR.73.77.7.78.82.79.77.77.82.84.8.7.66.78.73.75.87.77 DAY MAX> STD 2 4 8 6 6 4 9 3 6 4 3 7 6 CERT EDT

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) 83 Ozone (442) Ohio Parts per million (7) SITE ID 8-HOUR 39-49-8 39-55-4 39-57-6 39-6-6 39-6- 39-6-4 39-8-7 39-83-2 39-85-3 39-85-7 39-87- 39-87-2 39-89-5 39-93-8 39-95-24 39-95-27 39-95-34 39-97-7 39-99-3 39-3-4 39-9-5 P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH 85 595 287 259 259 259 89 85 595 595 88 88 85 87 22 22 22 85 634 2 287 Columbus Not in a city Xenia Blue Ash Cleves Cincinnati Steubenville Centerburg Eastlake Painesville Not in a city Ironton Heath (Fourmile Lock) Toledo Waterville Not in a city Not in a city Youngstown Not in a city Casstown Franklin Geauga Greene Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Knox Lake Lake Lawrence Lawrence Licking Lorain Lucas Lucas Lucas Madison Mahoning Medina Miami 575 MAPLE CANYON 3 AUBURN 54 LEDBETTER RD., 59 GROOMS RD 695 RIPPLE RD. 25 WM. HOWARD TAFT 68 LOGAN ST. WATER PLT, SR. 34 36 LAKESHORE 77 MAIN STREET S.R. 4, WILGUS 45 Commerce Drive 3 LICKING VIEW DR. 476 DETROIT RD. 348 S. ERIE 2 SOUTH RIVER RD. 36 N. YONDOTA 94 SR 38 SW 345 OAKHILL BALLASH ROAD 3825 NORTH S. R. 589 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 87 47 87 87 87 47 47 87 87 47 47 47 47 56 9 56 47 87 87 47 %OBS 98 99 98 99 94 9 97 99 92 VALID DAYS MEAS 23 23 23 29 2 24 29 23 24 24 24 23 23 22 2 95 27 22 23 96 24 NUM DAYS REQ 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 ST MAX 8-HR.79.79.8.93.8.97.75.84.9.76.72.75.82.8.72.69.84.83.82.79.78 2ND MAX 8-HR.74.76.79.92.79.89.75.83.88.7.66.69.82.8.7.69.77.82.8.75.77 3RD MAX 8-HR.7.75.76.88.78.87.7.82.84.69.6.68.8.76.66.69.77.8.73.73.75 4TH MAX 8-HR.7.72.76.88.78.85.7.79.8.68.6.68.79.72.66.64.74.79.73.7.75 DAY MAX> STD 2 5 8 7 5 4 5 3 3 6 2 2 CERT EDT

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP45) 84 Ozone (442) Ohio Parts per million (7) SITE ID 8-HOUR 39-3-37 39-2-999 39-33- 39-35- 39-5-6 39-5-22 39-5-45 39-53-2 39-55-9 39-55- 39-65-7 39-67-4 39-73-3 P O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH 287 344 2 287 5 5 5 2 634 634 259 89 88 Dayton Not in a city Not in a city New Paris Canton Brewster Alliance Akron Not in a city Vienna Center Lebanon Marietta Bowling Green Montgomery Noble Portage Preble Stark Stark Stark Summit Trumbull Trumbull Warren Washington Wood 4 Harshman Road 5863 St. Johns Rd, Quaker City, OH 43773 57 RAVENNA RD. 694 OXFORD GETTYSBURG RD. 55 25TH. ST. 45 S. WABASH AVENUE, S.R 93 75 WEST VINE 8 PATTERSON AVE. 6346 KINSMAN- BLOOMFIELD RD. 842 YOUNGSTOWN- KINGSVILLE RD. 46 SOUTHEAST ST. 2 4TH STREET 347 N DUNBRIDGE 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47 47 87 47 47 47 47 47 87 87 87 47 47 %OBS 98 75 99 93 96 93 99 VALID DAYS MEAS 29 6 22 23 99 26 2 23 24 24 23 2 23 NUM DAYS REQ 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 ST MAX 8-HR.94.69.77.8.87.8.8.85.79.82.92.83.79 2ND MAX 8-HR.85.65.7.77.86.77.78.8.77.8.83.74.77 3RD MAX 8-HR.8.65.7.74.83.74.78.77.74.78.83.73.74 4TH MAX 8-HR.8.64.69.74.8.74.76.76.7.78.82.7.73 DAY MAX> STD 7 2 7 2 4 6 2 4 2 CERT EDT

Three Year Average of Fourth High 8-Hr Averages 85 Site ID City County Address 4th high in Year 3 Year 29 2 2 Average 39-3-9 Allen 265 Bible Rd..7.72.73.72 39-7- Conneaut Ashtabula JQ Conneaut Water Plant.75.83.77.78 39-9-4 Athens Athens 776 Blackburn Rd..67.7.7.69 39-7-4 Hamilton Butler Schuler & Bender Rds..73.77.78.76 39-7-8 Middletown Butler 7 Runway Dr..8.82 39-7-4 Middletown Butler Hook Field Municipal Airport.76 39-23- Clark 57 Urbana Rd..7.75.77.74 39-23-3 Clark 54 Spangler Rd..72.74.77.74 39-25-22 Clermont 24 Claremont Center Dr..69.75.82.75 39-27-2 Clinton 62 Laurel Rd..7.76.84.76 39-35-34 Cleveland Cuyahoga 89 E. 52nd St..7.75.8.75 39-35-6 Cleveland Cuyahoga E 4th & Orange.68.7 39-35-64 Berea Cuyahoga 39 Fair St..62.72.66.66 39-35-52 Mayfield Cuyahoga 66 Wilson Mill Rd..69.75.78.74 39-4-2 Delaware 359 Main Rd..7.74.73.72 39-49-29 New Albany Franklin 76 Fodor Rd..73.77.87.79 39-49-37 Columbus Franklin 777 E. Broad St..7.72.77.73 39-49-8 Columbus Franklin 575 Maple Canyon.69.72.7.7 39-55-4 Geauga 3 Auburn Rd..68.8.72.73 39-57-6 Xenia Greene 54 Ledbetter Rd..7.7.76.72 39-6-6 Hamilton 59 Grooms Rd..72.8.88.8 39-6- Hamilton 695 Ripple Rd..65.79.78.74 39-6-4 Cincinnati Hamilton 25 Wm. Howard Taft.74.75.85.78 39-8-7 Steubenville Jefferson 68 Logan.64.7.7.68 39-83-2 Knox Water Plant SR 3.68.73.79.73 39-85-3 Eastlake Lake Jefferson Elementary.72.8.8.77 39-85-7 Painesville Lake 77 Main St..72.68.68.69 39-87-6 Ironton Lawrence 22 S. 8th St..63 39-87- Lawrence SR 775 & SR.62.69.6.64 39-87-2 Ironton Lawrence 45 Commerce Dr..74.68 39-89-5 Heath Licking 3 Licking View.69.74.79.74 39-93-8 Lorain Lorain 476 Detroit Rd..64.73.72.69 39-95-24 Toledo Lucas 348 S. Erie St..65.63.66.64 39-95-27 Waterville Lucas 2 S. Byrne.68.64.69.67 39-95-34 Toledo Lucas 36 N. Yondota.72.72.74.72

Three Year Average of Fourth High 8-Hr Averages 86 Site ID City County Address 4th high in Year 3 Year 29 2 2 Average 39-97-7 Madison 994 SR 38 SW.68.73.79.73 39-99-3 Youngstown Mahoning 345 Oakhill Ave..65.7.73.69 39-3-3 Medina 6364 Deerview.66.7 39-3-4 Medina Ballash Rd.7.7 39-9-5 Miami 3825 North State.7.7.75.72 39-3-37 Dayton Montgomery 4 Harshman Rd..73.77.8.76 39-33- Portage 57 Ravenna Rd..63.7.69.67 39-35- Preble National Trails.69.7.74.7 39-5-6 Canton Stark Malone College.66.8.8.75 39-5-22 Brewster Stark 45 S. Wabash.72.74 39-5-23 Wilmot Stark 9877 Alabama Ave. SW.63 39-5-45 Alliance Stark 75 West Vine St..6.78.76.7 39-53-2 Akron Summit 8 Patterson Av..7.76.76.74 39-55-9 Trumbull Community Hall.69.73.7.7 39-55- Trumbull Trumbull Co. Sanitary Engineers.69.76.78.74 39-65-7 Lebanon Warren 46 Southeast St..77.76.82.78 39-67-4 Marietta Washington 2 Fourth St..67.76.7.7 39-73-3 Bowling Green Wood 347 N. Dunbridge.69.7.73.7

Count of Ozone Exceedances in Each Year And the Date Upon Which the First Occurred The 8-Hour exceedance value used is.76 ppm Year -Hr Data 8-Hr Data Date Exceedances/Sites Date Exceedances/Sites 994 6 June 3/45 4 April 697/45 995 9 June 5/45 23 May 832/45 996 28 June 5/45 8 May 782/45 997 24 June 5/5 4 April 64/5 998 3 May 5/49 3 April 55/49 999 3 May 4/5 8 April 2/5 2 9 June /48 29 April 326/48 2 4 June 2/5 8 April 738/5 22 2 June 22/5 23 May 436/5 23 23 June 22/5 5 April 458/5 24 None /5 8 April 78/5 25 8 June 5/49 April 688/49 26 None /49 27 May 236/49 27 None /49 22 April 54/49 28 None /49 7 April 7/49 29 None /49 2 May 3/49 2 None /49 2 April 63/49 2 None /49 4 June 25/49 87

Last Ozone Exceedance Dates 986-2 One Hour Standard Year Date Sites Maximum Value 986 9/4 27 ppb 987 9/29 25 988 8/8 3 59 989 8/4 29 99 8/27 2 55 99 8/29 25 992 7/9 28 993 8/27 37 994 8/25 53 995 8/26 25 996 8/4 3 997 8/ 25 998 9/4 2 39 999 7/3 3 2 6/9 26 2 8/6 25 22 9/7 27 23 6/25 4 36 24 none 7 25 8/2 6 26 none 2 27 none 2 28 none 2 29 none 2 none 3 2 none 2 88

Last Ozone Exceedance Dates 986-2 Eight Hour Standard (.75 ppm) Year Date Sites Maximum Value 986 9/4 87 ppb 987 9/29 87 988 9/ 8 989 /4 78 99 /7 84 99 /9 78 992 9/7 6 89 993 9/3 7 78 994 /7 77 995 /3 78 996 /6 76 997 /8 83 998 /7 3 77 999 /3 5 8 2 9/2 78 2 9/23 78 22 9/3 87 23 9/7 76 24 9/24 2 78 25 /4 8 26 8/26 4 8 27 /8 3 8 28 9/2 78 29 6/27 76 2 / 3 8 2 9/3 2 94 89

Lead Airborne lead in urban areas was once primarily caused by vehicles using leaded fuels. Sources of airborne lead now include lead smelting facilities, lead-acid storage battery manufacturing plants and other manufacturing operations. In the period 978-99 lead concentrations at traffic oriented sites dropped by over 9%, reflecting the removal of lead from gasoline. In March 999 the U.S. EPA promulgated new rules for lead monitoring that eliminated the requirement for traffic oriented sites and emphasizes monitoring at industrial sources. We discontinued monitoring at traffic oriented sites after the first calendar quarter of 999. In September 28 the U.S. EPA changed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for lead from.5 g/m 3 as a calendar quarter average not to be exceeded to.5 g/m 3 as a running three month average. This much stricter standard is designed to provide increased protection to the public, particularly children. The new lead standard originally required increased monitoring at lead sources that reported emissions of greater than. ton per year. These source oriented sites were required to be in place and operating as of January, 2. A revision to the lead standard promulgated on December 27, 2 changed the level of emissions that required review for possible monitoring to.5 tons per year. Lead monitoring is also required at NCore sites in Core based statistical areas (CBSAs) of 5, or more persons. There will be three sites in Ohio: Cincinnati, Cleveland and Dayton. Lead is a stable compound that can accumulate in the human body. Its health related effects include interference with the blood forming process and the normal functions of nervous and renal systems. Young children are the age group most susceptible to the adverse effects of lead. 9

Sampling and Analysis Method Lead concentrations in ambient air are determined by the reference method promulgated by U.S. EPA. Lead samples are collected as total suspended particulate matter (TSP) on glass fiber filters according to 4 CFR Part 5, Appendix B, the EPA Reference method for the Determination of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere. These filters are then analyzed by the manual Equivalent method: EQL-7-92, Heated Nitric Acid Hot Block Digestion and ICP/MS analysis for Lead (Pb) on TSP High-volume filters. In this method, one ¾ x 8 portion or strip, of the TSP filter is dissolved in a solution of nitric acid, heated on a hot block, on which the solution is reduced to final volume for analysis. The extracted solution is then analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, (ICP/MS) to determine the amount of lead collected on the original filter. In the past a month's collection of filters was analyzed as a composite sample. Most sites collect so little lead that individual sampling days analysis would have lead concentrations below the detection limit of the methods used at the time. Some sites filters are still analyzed this way. Newer sites and sites that are being used to meet the new monitoring network requirements have individual sampling events (days) analyzed. Concentrations are reported in micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m 3 ). 9

92 Lead Data Monthly Averages County Site Parameter POC Year Highest 3 Month 2 2 Average in the November December January February March April May June July August September October November December Year* Butler 39-7-5 429.43.44.68.58.48.44.55.32.7.82.55.46.96.36 429 2.8.25.53.5.43.8.85.5.3.53.55.4 Combine.68.58.48.44.55.32.7.82.55.46.96.36.95 Columbiana 39-29-9 429.36.78.54.7.28.44.32.43.332.362.34.94.44.4.497 39-29-2 429.252.9.74.69.4.72.3.3.7.74.93.7.35.228.25 39-29-22 429.464.652.56.62.28.322.2.7.24.353.3.8.63.78 429 2.464.72.58.62.228.34.22.78.266.358.28.86.48.33 Combine.464.652.56.62.28.322.2.7.264.353.3.8.42.78.39 Cuyahoga 39-35-38 429.258.23.64.74.38.66.93.7.38.35.74.72.78.6.48 39-35-42 429.66.94.74.8.32.66.9.88.87.22.8.74.84.5 429 2.68.87.62.78.44.72.92.86.93.22.76.76.82.6 Combine.66.94.74.8.32.66.9.88.95.22.8.74.84.5.29 39-35-49 429.794.4734.56.46.594.626.64.78.28.78.3.266.24.82 429 2.736.4286.476.375.534.56.5.78.22.8.28.27.24.82 Combine.794.4734.56.46.594.626.64.78.28.78.3.266.24.82.445 39-35-6 429.9.7 39-35-6 429.224.22.74.75.28.2.43.44.38.3.68.58.86.48 39-35-72 429.36.24.543.6.24.38.5.6.38.25..96.52.96.354 Franklin 39-49-25 429.6.78.62.48.64.82.58.8.82.92.64.92.46.56.853 Fulton 39-5- 429.58.39.844.295.42.696.7.524.34.627.36.438.746.62 429 2.557.53.29.235.2258.42.46.598.962.573.263.426.622.68 Combine.58.39.844.295.42.696.7.524.34.627.36.438.746.62.78 Logan 39-9-6 429.5.26.4.28.42.3.28.32.28.28.36.72.32.24.467 Marion 39--3 429.25.325.38.247.285.88.33.292.222.295.333.972.379.45.56 Montgomery 39-3-7 429.72.52.75 2.76.44.7 Combine.72.52.68.64 Stark 39-5-7 429.248.94.84.73.84.38.42.2.23..28.54.9.66.52 Trumbull 39-55-2 429.78.78.46.4.42.6.56.56.94.72.58.83.38.2 429 2.7.85.45.38.42.55.5.58.94.7.58.8.44.7 Combine.78.78.46.4.42.6.56.56.94.72.58.8.38.2.767 Washington 39-67-8 429.8.63.43.4.36.52.42.96.6.4.26.4.24.32.66 39-67- 429.66.55.4.4.38.54.42.46.6.37.26.36.33.3 429 2.68.5.43.4.38.52.44.6.54.48.26.4.24.32 Combine.66.55.4.4.38.54.42.46.6.37.26.36.3.3.537 No data Month greater than.5 ug/m^3 Value less than the MDL Months with the POC 2 data added to augment the POC missed data Combined value di erent from the POC value *The monitoring year begins with November of the prior calendar year

VI. Air Toxics Monitoring 2

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AIR TOXICS MONITORING INTRODUCTION As part of its air quality monitoring program, Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control (DAPC) operates a network of air toxics monitors as part of a state wide Air Toxics Monitoring Program (ATMP). This Air Toxic sampling network is modeled after programs and methodologies recommended by U.S. EPA. The emphasis has been on urban toxics monitoring for volatile organic compounds and heavy metals. Brief sections describing the sampling and analytical procedures for the pollutants follow the introduction..) Main focus of the ATMP is on urban monitoring, looking for major risk areas where people live. In this effort sampling has concentrated on groups of compounds. volatile organic compounds (VOC), examples: benzene, chloroform, styrene, toluene etc. heavy metals, examples: arsenic, cadmium The majority of the sampling has been conducted at semipermanent monitoring sites where monitoring extends beyond a 6 month period. The intermittent sampling stations at these types of sites have been dedicated to VOCs and heavy metals monitoring. See the list following the description of the volatile organic analysis method for the VOC target compounds. The list of target metals is included in the metals description section. Semi-permanent monitoring projects have been conducted in: Cleveland - VOC - Urban, Metals - Urban Middletown - VOC - Source, Metals - Source Columbus - Metals - Urban, VOC - Urban Marietta - Metals - Source Delta - Metals - Source East Liverpool - Metals - Source Steubenville - VOC - Urban Marion - Metals - Urban Bellefontaine - Metals - Urban Elmore - Metals - Urban 95

2.) Throughout 2 DAPC has worked to expand sampling at semipermanent sites with an emphasis on smaller urban areas. Future sampling projects will involve additional sampling locations or reallocation of current resources to other locations. Expanded air toxics sampling will involve adding other parameters to existing sites. DAPC s efforts will also include more efficient use of short term sampling. Past sampling efforts have included: Cross Media pollution monitoring Great Lakes deposition monitoring Post-remediation Monitoring Emergency Episode Monitoring Urban air toxics Source monitoring Complaint investigation Emissions verification During 2 DAPC was involved in several minor monitoring projects throughout the state. However, due to the limited scope of these short term and grab sampling projects they are not included in the data summaries for this year. The sampling and analytical methods for VOCs and heavy metals are described below. VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS SAMPLING A major component of the Air Toxics Monitoring Program is ambient sampling for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These are compounds that are generally found in the vapor state. Some organic compounds can be chlorinated, (contain chlorine) or just hydrocarbons, (contain just hydrogen and carbon atoms). Most of the VOC samples were collected using a whole air sampling system that pumped ambient air into a stainless steel canister. The canister, which is evacuated prior to use, is a storage container which allows an air sample to be maintained virtually unchanged until it is analyzed. In addition to the pumped sampling method, a number of samples were collected using the vacuum of the canister to draw in an air sample. These, vacuumfilled grab samples usually take only a few minutes to collect and were useful for collecting transient odors or potentially high concentration samples. DAPC is now capable of collecting specific samples for, 3, 8 and 24 hours using this grab sampling method. Initially samples were collected sporadically, however as semi- 96

permanent sites were established the sampling program has become more routine. With that, an attempt has been made to collect samples at least twice a month, with a sampling frequency consistent with the national air toxics monitoring schedule of once every 2 th day, over a 24 hour period. The specific procedures for this type of sampling can be found in the U.S. EPA Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compound in Ambient Air in the section TO-4 ANALYSIS The volatile tendency of VOCs allows them to be vaporized when heated, (if not already in that form) and to be injected into an analytical device called a gas chromatograph (GC). As a sample passes through a GC column, the various compounds separate out of the sample mixture. As the individual compounds exit the column, a detector records a response. That response is illustrated on a chromatogram as a peak. The area of each peak indicates the concentration of the compound. Compound identification is accomplished by comparing the retention times of the peaks on a chromatogram with those from a chromatogram of a known mixture of compounds. Retention time is the time it takes for a particular compound to reach the detector. As long as the analytical conditions remain the same, a compound from one analysis to the next will have the same retention time. The typical analytical system used for this study utilized a GC with a special detector called a mass spectrometer (MS). The combination, a GC/MS, can be used to analyze a sample by separating it into its individual components which are then broken down into mass fragments which form a fingerprint by which a compound can be identified. All of DAPC s canister analyses were conducted at the Ohio EPA Division of Environmental Services (DES). The analytical procedures performed by the laboratory targeted an list of over 6 VOCs for identification and quantitation. The following list includes the current parameters of the analytical target compounds list. Most of the target compounds have a detection limit of.2 ppbv. The Exceptions are Acetone, 2-Butanone, Carbon Disulfide, total m&p-xylenes, which have limits.4 ppbv or higher depending of the sample concentration. 97

DES VOC Target Compound List for TO-4A Analysis Acetonitrile 35 cis-,3-dichloropropene 2 Acrylonitrile 36 trans-,3-dichloropropene 3 Benzene 37,2-Dichloro-,,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane 4 Benzyl chloride 38 Ethylbenzene 5 Bromodichloromethane 39 4-Ethyltoluene 6 Bromoform 4 n-heptane 7 Bromomethane 4 Hexachlorobutadiene 8,3-Butadiene 42 Hexane 9 n-butane 43 Methyl-butyl ether 2-Butanone 44 Methylene chloride Carbon disulfide 45 4-Methyl-2-pentanone 2 Carbon tetrachloride 46 a-methylstyrene 3 Chlorobenzene 47 Naphthalene 4 Chlorodifluoromethane 48 n-nonane 5 Chloroethane 49 n-octane 6 Chloroform 5 n-pentane 7 Chloromethane 5 Propylene 8 3-Chloropropene 52 n-propylbenzene 9 Cumene 53 Styrene 2 Cyclohexane 54,,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 2 Decane 55 Tetrachloroethylene 22 Dibromochloromethane 56 Toluene 23,2-ibromoethane 57,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 24 Dibromomethane 58,,-Trichloroethane 25,2-Dichlorobenzene 59,,2-Trichloroethane 26,3-Dichlorobenzene 6 Trichloroethene 27,4-Dichlorobenzene 6 Trichlorofluoromethane 28 Dichlorodifluoromethane 62,,2-Trichloro-,2,2-Trifluoroethane 29,-ichloroethane 63,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 3,2-ichloroethane 64,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 3,-ichloroethene 65 n-undecane 32 cis-,2-dichloroethene 66 Vinyl acetate 33 trans-,2-dichloroethene 67 Vinyl chloride 34,2-Dichloropropane 68 o-xylene 69 Total m&p-xylenes 98

Beyond this list of compounds, additional compounds can be detected and tentatively identified during the analysis of VOC samples. If during the analysis, an unidentified compound of significant quantity, (greater than.2 ppb) exist in a sample it can be identified during the MS analysis. However, due to the uncertainty involved with the identification of these additional, non-target compounds and the vast number of them detected they are not included in this report. As the technology and the methods improve and new techniques are developed, it is expected that the target compounds list will be periodically modified. It is also expected that the list will change as U.S. EPA s emphasis on air toxics compounds changes. The following tables summarize the data from the routine canister samples collected during 2. Throughout 2 over 7, 24-hour samples were collected at 6 permanent VOC monitoring sites. SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION AQS # CITY COUNTY ADDRESS TABLE 39- -7-3 Middletown Butler Verity school 9 St. A John s Road -35-38 Cleveland Cuyahoga 2547 St. Tikhon Ave. B -35-69 Cleveland Cuyahoga 73 Superior Ave. C -35-2 Cleveland Cuyahoga 69 Holland Rd. D -49-34 Columbus Franklin Korbel Ave. E -8-7 Steubenville Jefferson 68 Logan Street F 99

2 SUMMARY TABLE Volatile Organic Compounds Detected 2 Summary of Canister data Concentration ppbv Frequency Compound list Maximum Average Minimum Detected Acetonitrile.56.28.2 62 Acrylonitrile..36.2 23 Benzene 7.2.73.2,3-Butadiene.5.37.24 2 n-butane 9.7.56.25 74 2-Butanone 2.2.77.5 48 Carbon disulfide 58. 22.46.69 3 Chlorodifluoromethane 3.6.49.22 66 Chloroform.43.43.43 Chloromethane..58.37 7 Cyclohexane 3.3.78.26 2 Decane.57.44.35 3,4-Dichlorobenzene.2.2.2 Dichlorodifluoromethane.84.6.43 74 Ethylbenzene.26.23.2 4 n-heptane.43.29.2 5 Hexane.2.35.2 47 Methylene chloride.73.34.2 4 Naphthalene 2.5.77.2 5 n-nonane.32.32.32 n-pentane 3..7.2 65 Propylene 2..29.74 4 Toluene 24..97.2 8 Trichlorofluoromethane 4..4.2 7,2,4-Trimethylbenzene.2.2.2 Vinyl acetate 2..6.2 75 o-xylene.25.24.23 3 Total m&p-xylenes.89.7.42 7

Table A. Butler County (AQS: 39-7-3) 2 Summary of Canister data Concentration ppbv Frequency Compound list Maximum Average Minimum Detected Acetonitrile.42.27.2 Acrylonitrile.3.3.29 2 Benzene.43.3.24 3,3-Butadiene n-butane 2..9.32 28 2-Butanone.76.6.5 Carbon disulfide Chlorodifluoromethane.2.5.3 27 Chloroform Chloromethane.74.6.5 28 Cyclohexane Decane,4-Dichlorobenzene Dichlorodifluoromethane.74.63.56 28 Ethylbenzene n-heptane Hexane.38.38.38 2 Methylene chloride Naphthalene n-nonane n-pentane.6.54.23 24 Propylene.74.74.74 Toluene..44.23 4 Trichlorofluoromethane.36.3.26 28,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Vinyl acetate.96.5.2 7 o-xylene Total m&p-xylenes

Table B. Cuyahoga County - # (AQS: 39-35-38) 2 Summary of Canister data Concentration ppbv Frequency Compound list Maximum Average Minimum Detected Acetonitrile.39.28.22 Acrylonitrile.25.25.25 Benzene.37.25.2 2,3-Butadiene n-butane 7. 2.44.5 2 2-Butanone..77.62 5 Carbon disulfide 58. 58. 58. Chlorodifluoromethane.4.58.34 2 Chloroform Chloromethane.96.62.39 9 Cyclohexane 3.3 3.3 3.3 Decane.39.39.39,4-Dichlorobenzene Dichlorodifluoromethane.84.58.44 2 Ethylbenzene n-heptane Hexane.6.33.2 2 Methylene chloride.52.38.23 6 Naphthalene n-nonane n-pentane.8.8.22 2 Propylene Toluene 24. 2.3.2 7 Trichlorofluoromethane.33.27.2 9,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Vinyl acetate..66.34 8 o-xylene Total m&p-xylenes 2

Table C. Cuyahoga County - #2 (AQS: 39-35-69) 2 Summary of Canister data Concentration - ppbv Frequency Compound list Maximum Average Minimum Detected Acetonitrile.32.26.2 7 Acrylonitrile.38.3.2 6 Benzene.3.25.22,3-Butadiene n-butane 2.7.54.55 9 2-Butanone.83.79.77 4 Carbon disulfide 8.7 8.7 8.7 Chlorodifluoromethane.95.48.26 8 Chloroform Chloromethane..59.39 9 Cyclohexane.26.26.26 Decane,4-Dichlorobenzene Dichlorodifluoromethane.69.57.46 9 Ethylbenzene n-heptane Hexane.35.3.26 6 Methylene chloride.22.22.2 2 Naphthalene n-nonane n-pentane.7.79.37 9 Propylene Toluene 3..6.22 4 Trichlorofluoromethane.38.28.22 9,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Vinyl acetate.2.64.25 5 o-xylene Total m&p-xylenes 3

Table D. Cuyahoga County - #3 (AQS: 39-35-2) 2 Summary of Canister data Concentration - ppbv Frequency Compound list Maximum Average Minimum Detected Acetonitrile.38.28.22 6 Acrylonitrile Benzene.32.24.2 3,3-Butadiene n-butane 3.2.5.39 2 2-Butanone.7.68.65 2 Carbon disulfide Chlorodifluoromethane.3.44.3 2 Chloroform Chloromethane.69.55.37 2 Cyclohexane Decane,4-Dichlorobenzene Dichlorodifluoromethane.66.59.44 2 Ethylbenzene n-heptane Hexane.4.4.4 Methylene chloride.73.73.73 Naphthalene n-nonane n-pentane.4.44.22 9 Propylene 2..55. 2 Toluene.96.44.22 6 Trichlorofluoromethane.69.29.2 2,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Vinyl acetate.89.43.25 8 o-xylene Total m&p-xylenes 4

Table E. Franklin County - (AQS: 39-49-34) 2 Summary of Canister data Concentration - ppbv Frequency Compound list Maximum Average Minimum Detected Acetonitrile.6.32.22 2 Acrylonitrile.29.27.24 2 Benzene.9.33.2,3-Butadiene.5.5.5 n-butane 3.3.7.36 2 2-Butanone 2.2..58 Carbon disulfide Chlorodifluoromethane..53.34 9 Chloroform.43.38.33 2 Chloromethane.66.56.46 2 Cyclohexane Decane.57.57.57,4-Dichlorobenzene Dichlorodifluoromethane.67.63.55 2 Ethylbenzene.25.23.2 2 n-heptane.2.2.2 Hexane.68.37.2 6 Methylene chloride.28.28.28 Naphthalene n-nonane.32.32.32 n-pentane.7.68.29 2 Propylene Toluene 2..59.2 7 Trichlorofluoromethane.34.3.25 2,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Vinyl acetate..56.23 2 o-xylene.23.23.23 2 Total m&p-xylenes.89.82.74 2 5

Table F. Jefferson County - (AQS: 39-8-7) 2 Summary of Canister data Concentration - ppbv Frequency Compound list Maximum Average Minimum Detected Acetonitrile.4.3.2 5 Acrylonitrile.48.39.24 3 Benzene 7.2.95.2 8,3-Butadiene.24.24.24 n-butane 9.7 2.45.8 9 2-Butanone.4.82.5 6 Carbon disulfide Chlorodifluoromethane.75.49.27 9 Chloroform Chloromethane.67.54.4 9 Cyclohexane Decane,4-Dichlorobenzene Dichlorodifluoromethane.64.58.44 9 Ethylbenzene.26.24.22 2 n-heptane.43.4.38 2 Hexane.2.4.22 Methylene chloride Naphthalene 2.5.76.2 2 n-nonane n-pentane 3..96.34 8 Propylene Toluene 2.4.98.26 4 Trichlorofluoromethane.3.28.2 9,2,4-Trimethylbenzene.2.2.2 Vinyl acetate 2..78.29 4 o-xylene Total m&p-xylenes.8.63.42 4 6

HEAVY METALS SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS SAMPLING Ambient air toxic monitoring on a routine basis for heavy metals (other than lead), by Ohio EPA DAPC, was initiated in 989 and has continued. Since that time all of DAPC s air filter samples have been analyzed by the Ohio EPA Division of Environmental Services (DES). A summary of the results can be found in the following tables. Sampling for heavy metals is conducted using a high volume total suspended particulate (TSP) sampler. With this sampler, particulate matter in the air is collected on a glass fiber filter. Sampling is done intermittently with 24- hour samples collected once every six days. The operating procedures for lead can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, 4 CFR, Part 5, Appendix G. These basic procedures are also used for the other metals. ANALYSIS For this report filters collected at each site were analyzed as a monthly composite. Typically there are 5 sampling days in which a filter is collected. From these individual filters one strip is cut and combined from strips from all the filters collected that month and analyzed as one sample for the month. These composite samples are acid extracted and then the resulting solution analyzed by the ICP/MS similar to the method used for the determination of Lead from TSP filters. SUMMARY OF ICP METHOD: The method measures element - emitted light by optical spectrometry. Samples are nebulized into an aerosol and transported to the plasma by the nebulizer argon flow. The first function of the high temperature plasma is to remove the solvent from, or desoluate, the aerosol, usually leaving the sample as microscopic salt particles. The next steps involve decomposing the salt particles into a gas of individual molecules (vaporization) that are then dissociated into atoms (atomization). The next plasma functions are Excitation and Ionization. The light emitted by the excited atoms and ions in the plasma is measured to obtain information about the sample. For coupling to mass spectrometry, the ions from the plasma are extracted through a series of cones into a mass spectrometer, usually a quadrupole. The ions are separated on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio and a detector receives an ion signal proportional to the concentration. 7

HEAVY METALS PARAMETERS Historically lead was the NAAQS Criteria pollutant released from gasoline into the ambient air. Monitoring for it established the lead filter analysis monitoring program. Over the years DAPC added other metals to the filter analysis program. As lead was phased out of gasoline other metals have risen to greater concern. At one time it was cadmium and from one particular industry it was beryllium. But now Ohio is focused on manganese in several communities. However, trends continue to change and lead has once again become the driving pollutant for filter analysis. As the only metal that is Criteria Pollutant lead is the pollutant that drives the metals monitoring program. With the establishment of a new NAAQS for lead,.5 μg/m³ from the previous standard of.5 μg/m³ and the requirement to monitor near specific sources, lead has been re-established as a pollutant of concern. Since 2 DACP has had all TSP sampler filters collected analyzed for lead. For this particular section the data collected is from the monthly composite samples collected and analyzed. All monthly composite particulate filter samples collected by DAPC are routinely analyzed for eight metals. arsenic cadmium chromium beryllium lead nickel zinc manganese From each sample, most parameters are analyzed using a very sensitive ICPMS analytical system which significantly lowers the detection limit from the standard ICP instrument. The following parameters, which are typically detected in higher concentrations, are still analyzed with the older ICP method. Iron potassium zinc manganese Particulate mercury that can be detected from a glass or quartz fiber filter has been added to the parameter list for a number of samples from sites in communities with specific concerns about potential mercury sources. Mercury analysis for each sample is performed separately from the other metals. Total mercury is determined using a cold vapor method developed by DES. Lead is the only parameter being monitored in the ATMP that has a National Ambient Air Quality Standard. See Section V, page 9, Lead. 8

The following locations identify the sites that were used for the routine metals monitoring program. SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION AQS # CITY COUNTY ADDRESS TABLE 39-7-5 Middletown Butler 39 Lefferson Rd. G 39-29-9 E. Liverpool Columbiana 25 St. George St. H 39-29-2 E. Liverpool Columbiana 222 Michigan Ave. I 39-29-22 E. Liverpool Columbiana 5 Maryland Ave. J 39-35-38 Cleveland Cuyahoga 2547 Tikhon Ave. K 39-35-42 Cleveland Cuyahoga 336 Lorain Ave. L 39-35-49 Cleveland Cuyahoga 45 East 56th St. M 39-35-6 Cleveland Cuyahoga West 3 rd. St. N 39-35-72 Cleveland Cuyahoga 26565 Miles Rd. O 39-49-25 Columbus Franklin 7 Ann St. P 39-5- Delta Fulton 2 Van Buren St. Q 39--3 Marion Marion Hawthorne Ave. R NA Marion Marion 363 West Fairgrounds S 39-23-2 Elmore Ottawa 4244 W. St.Route 5 T 39-9-6 Bellefontaine Logan 32 Richard Ave. U 39-5-7 Canton Stark 33 Dueber Ave. SW V 39-55-2 NE of Hubbard Trumbull 26 Elmwood Dr. W 39-67-8 Marietta Washington Lancaster Rd. X 39-67- Marietta Washington 5 Victory Place Y 9

Table G. Middletown Heavy Metals Data - 2 Ohio Bell Lat: N 39.4899 Elv. : 24 m 39 Lefferson Rd. Long: W -84.36467 AQS: 39-7-5 Parameters Butler - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY..7.43 7.8 6.49.2 88. 72. FEBRUARY.95 <.56.35 4.9 5.98.95 84. 7. MARCH.92 <.54.24 2.86 4.75.73 34. 7. APRIL.3.4.24 3.55 4.5.92 78. 56. MAY.58.8.3 3.84 5.7.8 6. 48. JUNE 3.83.7.29 5.46 2.2.98 78. 58. JULY 2.49 <.69.33 3.72 6.4. 46. 49. AUGUST.6.7.38 5.32 7.4.5 74. 7. SEPTEMBER 2.62 <.36.42 2.2 5.77 <.36 26. 85. OCTOBER 2.27.7.23 3.7 4.79. 55. 43. NOVEMBER.8 <.55.5 2.44 9.6.92 39. 76. DECEMBER.54 <.55.2 2.82 3.4.78 39. 5. Table H. East Liverpool Heavy Metals Data - 2 Port Authority Lat: N 4.63 Elv. : 29 m 25 St. George St. Long: W -8.546944 AQS: 39-29-9 Parameters Columbiana - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc mercury JANUARY.4 <.4.4.5 5.39.8 33. 42..5 FEBRUARY.53 <.4.88 2.2 6.22.5 37. 44..5 MARCH.58.6.6 4.9 9.9 2. 6. 65..65 APRIL.98.2 3. 3.85 35.8 2.76 4. 8..89 MAY 2.42..98 3.44 2.2.9 2. 62.. JUNE 2.3.25.87 7.2 3.4 2.97 2. 48..7 JULY 3.89.24.55 5.66 32.9 3.65 26. 2..69 AUGUST 4.5.23 3. 5.62 34.8 2.92 36. 25..76 SEPTEMBER 2. <.4.8 2.6 2.5.95 8...35 OCTOBER 2.38.8.4 4.37 8.5 2.4 2. 5..47 NOVEMBER.6.7.75 2.5 3..2 75...47 DECEMBER.94 <.4.57 3.56 2.5.75 7. 72..4

Table I. East Liverpool Heavy Metals Data - 2 Waterplant Lat: N 4.639722 Elv. : 22 m 222 Michigan Ave. Long: W -8.523889 AQS: 39-29-2 Parameters Columbiana - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc mercury JANUARY.29 <.69.38 2.6 4.2.5. 39..4 FEBRUARY.97 <.43.8 2.43 6.2.6 5. 44..5 MARCH.76 <.43.54 6.29 2.7 6.4. 69..79 APRIL 2.3 <.45.6 8.3 8.3 6.57 3. 6.. MAY 3.25 <.45.9 6.98 33. 4.26 79. 79..8 JUNE 2.2 <.46.56 3.2 7.5 6.9 84. 33..2 JULY 3.67 <.43.5 5.92 7.6 7.99 2. 2..62 AUGUST 4.86 <.42.99 5.97 24.5 4.9 5. 23..8 SEPTEMBER 2.82 <.4.89 2.. 4.8 3...79 OCTOBER 2.48 <.4.6 6.2 7.7 5.5 6. 5..5 NOVEMBER.72 <.4.95 2.96 2.4.78 4...45 DECEMBER.93 <.4.7 6.2 2. 3.2 3. 76..69 Table J. East Liverpool Heavy Metals Data - 2 Lat: N 4.635 Elv. : 229 m 5 Maryland Ave. Long: W -8.546667 AQS: 39-29-22 Parameters Columbiana - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc mercury JANUARY.48 <.54.28 2.24 5.35.88 4. 47..4 FEBRUARY.95 <.54.88 2.83 5.72.7 5. 47..3 MARCH.27.7 6.9 7.87 2.8.9 2. 75..39 APRIL.36 <.57.44 4.9 3.2 2.5 2. 7..45 MAY.66 <.57.7 5.29.4.62. 7..4 JUNE.8.6.78 5.34 5.8.4. 5..6 JULY 2.98 <.68.87 5.24 22.8 2.67 5. 9..5 AUGUST 3.95.5 2.69 5.6 32.5 2.7 22. 22..66 SEPTEMBER.76 <.5.67 2.3.5. 37...56 OCTOBER.93 <.5.94 4.77 7..85 8. 4..49 NOVEMBER.37 <.7.4 3.4 5..9 7. 5..6 DECEMBER 2.9 <.5.57 4.3 5.6.92. 74..35

Table K. Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2 St. Theodosius Church Lat: N 4.476944 Elv. : 22 m 2547 St. Tikhon Ave. Long: W -8.68944 AQS: 39-35-38 Parameters Cuyahoga - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY.73 <.53.24.58 5.96.3 2. 39. FEBRUARY <.53 <.53.45 2.37 7.7 2.2 9. 6. MARCH.84 <.52.44 3.25 2.2 2.3 4. 66. APRIL.7 <.52.59 4.55 6.7 4.37 75. 82. MAY.85 <.65.28 2.45 8.36 2.34 36. 5. JUNE <.85 <.85.36 4.5.7.9 35. 52. JULY.34 <.5.48 3. 2.7 3.94 57. 85. AUGUST.53 <.43.57 2.72 2.4 5.6 53. 9. SEPTEMBER.5 <.53.25 2.3 7. 2.87 9. 47. OCTOBER 2.68.7.57 4.52 6. 4.83. 2. NOVEMBER.84 <.55.42 2.78 7.29 2.9 4. 65. DECEMBER.3 <.54.9 2.2 5.39.5 27. 47. Table L. Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2 FIRE "4A" Lat: N 4.482222 Elv. : 28 m 336 Lorain Ave. Long: W -8.78889 AQS: 39-35-42 Parameters Cuyahoga - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY.78 <.57.24.2 6.82.3 7.3 46. FEBRUARY <.7 <.7.65 2.3 7.52 2.2 8.8 4. MARCH.92 <.56.37.56 2.5.97 6. 49. APRIL.3 <.55.47 2.48 6.5 3.8 32. 53. MAY.76 <.55.4.79 8.59 2.53 2. 44. JUNE.37 <.55.7 2.3 8.5 2.56 9. 39. JULY.68 <.9.29.98 8.5 2.64 8. 47. AUGUST.64 <.45.39.9.9 2.62 2. 63. SEPTEMBER.9 <.55.26.58 7.43 2.4 6. 44. OCTOBER 2. <.55.43 2.38 6.8 2.69 3. 65. NOVEMBER.3 <.56.33.8 7.84.93 2. 5. DECEMBER.69 <.56.2.34 4.72.8 7.7 27. 2

Table M. Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2 FERRO "A" Lat: N 4.446667 Elv. : 23 m 45 EAST 56th STR. Long: W -8.65 AQS: 39-35-49 Parameters Cuyahoga - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY.6 <.57.47 7.2 44.8 5. 7. 2. FEBRUARY.6 <.7.28 3.63 39. 67.3 9.. MARCH.4.6.75 3.93 444. 4. 9. 5. APRIL.79 <.56.78 5.2 6.9 5.5 3.. MAY.98 <.55.53 4.77 4.7 9.89 98.. JUNE.77.8.83 7.6 5.9 36.2 2.. JULY.8.8.92 6.29 9.4 56.5 2. 5. AUGUST 2..6.2 6.39 6.5 46.4 8. 4. SEPTEMBER.48 <.55.94 3.8 2. 76.. 79. OCTOBER 2.39 <.56.8 6.98 24.8 3.9 5. 3. NOVEMBER.63 <.56.89.2 9.4 83.6 2. 6. DECEMBER.6 <.57.43 2.58 7.48 9.66 39. 62. Table N. Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2 Asphalt Plant "A" Lat: N 4.47564 Elv. : 8 m West 3rd St. Long: W -8.675962 AQS: 39-35-6 Parameters Cuyahoga - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY.79 <.54.8.49 6.43.35 5. 6. FEBRUARY <.67 <.67.8.73 7.35.75 23. 5. MARCH.92.8.26 2.67.9 3.37 6. 63. APRIL.35..49 5.7 2.2 4.27 4. 2. MAY.96..4 3.98 3.7 2.86. 83. JUNE.34.6.28 3.4 4.8 2.9 73. 79. JULY.48.9.37 3.63 2.9 4.77. 82. AUGUST.5 <.43.4 2.68 9.98 6.98 6. 89. SEPTEMBER.9 <.52.25 3.35 6.8 2.74 49. 6. OCTOBER.9.9.44 4. 5.9 4.45 98.. NOVEMBER.45 <.53.24 2.85 8.45.92 59. 63. DECEMBER.92.6.8 2.46 4.36.6 5. 49. 3

Table O. Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2 Century Lat: N 4.42585 Elv. : 332 m 26565 Miles Rd. Long: W -8.4978 AQS: 39-35-72 Parameters Cuyahoga - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY.75 <.7.23.83 5.5 2.36 3. 7. FEBRUARY.64 <.56.2. 6.22 2.5 8.6 32. MARCH 8.2 <.55.23 5.5.3 26. 43. 54. APRIL 2.36 <.55.25 3.88 3.4 6.9 84. 46. MAY.93 <.55.4.46 4.77 2.93 3. 29. JUNE 4.7 <.68.9 7. 5.2 9.26 32. 43. JULY 7.8 <.54.8 3.3 2.8 22.6 62. 58. AUGUST 7.52 <.45.54 5.5.2 8.7 96. 56. SEPTEMBER 3.2 <.68.36 3.6 9.74 4.5 3. 4. OCTOBER.32 <.55.24.58 9.8 2.4 4. 49. NOVEMBER.75 <.55.8.54 4.5 2.66 77. 4. DECEMBER.75 <.56.3.73 8.36 3.9 4. 3. Table P. Columbus Heavy Metals Data - 2 Woodrow Lat: N 39.92856 Elv. : 234 m 7 Ann St. Long: W -82.98 AQS: 39-49-25 Parameters Franklin - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY.78 <.57.2.48 5.63.47 8.5 5. FEBRUARY.59 <.57.5.27 4.8.68 8.2 48. MARCH.94 <.59.36.5 6.6.7. 64. APRIL.3 <.59.27.76 8.64.9 3. 9. MAY.26 <.58.29.6 6.2.89. 89. JUNE.67 <.6.23 2.54 6.89.38 8. 6. JULY.5 <.6.3.94 7.96.34 3. 77. AUGUST.87 <.6.38 6.32 2.3 2.65. 2. SEPTEMBER. <.59.24.63 6.4.24 4. 44. OCTOBER 2.5 <.58.33.8 8.55.42 7. 3. NOVEMBER.84 <.58.5.9 4.62.3 5. 35. DECEMBER.27 <.57.9.68 5.6.49. 84. 4

Table Q. NWDO Heavy Metals Data - 2 Delta Lat: N 4.575278 Elv. : 22 m 2 Van Buren St. Long: W -83.996389 AQS: 39-5- Parameters Fulton - Designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY.62 <.49.68.98 69..84 6.7. FEBRUARY <.62 <.62.37.2 25..79 7.6 3. MARCH.7 <.49.57.24 5..94 7.3 7. APRIL.75 <.57.63.45 68.2.. 25. MAY.98 <.6.8.37 6.8.83 6.9. JUNE. <.48.5.4 5.2.39 5. 24. JULY.85 <.47.48.32 93.8.38 2. 33. AUGUST.44 <.4.89.39 55.5.5 2. 4. SEPTEMBER.5 <.48.5.99 35.8.67 6.6 2. OCTOBER.26 <.48.48.6 4..8 6. 27. NOVEMBER.99 <.47..3 75.. 6. 58. DECEMBER.3 <.46.4.8 5.82 <.46 4.8 3. Table R. NWDO Heavy Metals Data - 2 Prospect Lat: N 4.5745 Elv. : 247 m Hawthorne Ave. Long: W -83.35557 AQS: 39--3 Parameters Marion - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc mercury JANUARY.53 <.48.6 8.62 45.4 4.85 23. 4..8 FEBRUARY.6 <.46.45 5.48 28.4 3.64 5...3 MARCH.3 <.55.6 5.7 45.9 2.82 2. 25..7 APRIL.32 <.57.37 6.9 7.8 2.87. 79..64 MAY.69 <.48.24 3.49.6.48 46. 59..5 JUNE.4 <.47.39 7.83 7.9 3.55. 3..23 JULY.5 <.55.42 6.4 9. 2.87 9. 97..46 AUGUST.39 <.47.62 6.76 34. 3.8. 2..74 SEPTEMBER.53 <.57.42 6.27 24. 3.25 2. 2..84 OCTOBER.63 <.47.43 5.45 22. 3.54 85...7 NOVEMBER 2.3 <.44.46 4.77 33.7 5.23 95. 3..47 DECEMBER.62 <.46.2 4.2 7.7.64 54. 49..3 5

Table S. NWDO Heavy Metals Data - 2 Fairgrounds 363 West Fairgrounds Marion, Ohio AQS: 39- Left Parameters Marion - Designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY.3 <.5.4 3.36 4.7.85 7. 7. FEBRUARY.9 <.68.28.82 8.73.5 8. 2. MARCH.6 <.35.23 2.34.2.85 7. 4. APRIL.3 <.42.3 5.34 33.4.7 2. 85. MAY.37 <.42.67 5.97 38.2.7 27. 27. JUNE.69 <.52.79 4.9 4.6.25 22. 8. JULY.52 <.42.44 2.66 5..9 9. 43. AUGUST.3 <.43.5 4.34 3.4 2.63 7. 53. SEPTEMBER.6 <.43.63 2.9 5.5.8 7. 74. OCTOBER.9 <.5.54.99 9.4.44 2. 59. NOVEMBER.98 <.4.72 2.2 25.3.9 22. 66. DECEMBER.62 <.4 3.34 4.33 46.6.97 2. 4. Table T. NWDO Heavy Metals Data - 2 Brush Wellman 32 Lat: N 4.495833 Elv. : 77 m 4244 W. St. Route 5 Long: W -83.26944 AQS: 39-23-2 Parameters Ottawa - Designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY.4..8.27 2.52.24.7 3. FEBRUARY.32.8.9.35 2.29.28 2.3 4. MARCH.43.2.8.3 2.9.4 3. 7. APRIL.5.9.9.39 2.92.59 8.6 7. MAY.65.7.3.43 2.86.7 7.7 24. JUNE.3.6.4.26.22.34 3.4. JULY.5..9.33 2.24.25 3. 8.3 AUGUST.75.5.8.3 2.2.33 2.5 9. SEPTEMBER.55.7.9.28 2.25.4 2.8 4. OCTOBER.6.3.7.27.95.26 3.3 2. NOVEMBER.38.4.6.26.74.22 3.2 9.8 DECEMBER.39.7.9.35 2.75.44 2.5 7. 6

Table U. SWDO Heavy Metals Data - 2 Bellefontaine Lat: N 4.34 Elv. : 377 m 32 Richard Ave. Long: W -83.75778 AQS: 39-9-6 Parameters Logan - Designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY <.62 <.62.3.75 3.83.37 3.3 3. FEBRUARY <.45 <.45.2.93 2.75.3 3.3 6. MARCH.78 <.43.5.2 4.3.24 5.8 2. APRIL.74 <.44.4.88 3.2.62 4.8 9. MAY.7 <.54.9.89 2.45.77 3.6 3. JUNE.73 <.44.3 2.8 3.59.87 8. 8. JULY.56 <.46.6.3 3.6.7 7.5 6. AUGUST.9 <.38.6.7 3.2.6 5.8 7. SEPTEMBER.66 <.44.9.82 3.36.52 4.5 3. OCTOBER.83 <.43.2.97 7.7.7 6.9 8. NOVEMBER.59 <.42.2.82 3.5.7 7.6 9. DECEMBER.54 <.43.4.8 2.29.6 3.7 7. Table V. Canton APC Div. Data - 2 Firestation #8 Lat: N 4.786667 Elv. : 39 m 33 Dueber Avenue SW Long: W -8.394444 AQS: 39-5-7 Parameters Stark - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY.64 <.45.4 5.67. 2.77. 3. FEBRUARY.5 <.58.37 6.2 7.6 2.42 53. 3. MARCH.95 <.46.25 3.46 7.73.88 3. 3. APRIL.53 <.46.43 7.27 3.9 3.39 74. 4. MAY 4.62 <.48.3 3.8 4.6 2.2 4. 2. JUNE 2.3 <.48.39 6.63 9.5 2.99 77.. JULY.39 <.75.42 5.63 2.8 2.93 52. 7. AUGUST.6 <.44.46 5.8 9.98 3.72 58. 27. SEPTEMBER.84 <.43.54 4.63.8 2.35 7. 9. OCTOBER 2.74 <.42.5 7.59 5.5 3.59 92. 37. NOVEMBER.77 <.43.49 6. 8.94 3.2 76. 7. DECEMBER.6 <.43.25 3.72 6.9.34 38. 6. 7

Table W. Mahoning Trumbull APC Agency Data - 2 Hubbard Twp. Admin. Bldg. Lat: N 4.728694 Elv. : 288 m 26 Elmwood Drive Long: W -8.55549875 AQS: 39-55-2 Parameters Trumbull - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY.73 <.57.9.5 4.37.72 5. 33. FEBRUARY.52 <.57.3.7 3.9.82 22. 36. MARCH.88 <.56.33.85 4.46.2 23. 48. APRIL. <.56.3.79 6.2.78 2. 53. MAY.5 <.55.6.6 5.6.69 4. 38. JUNE. <.55.9 2. 5.49.82 29. 37. JULY.7 <.44.46.2 39.2.84 6. 26. AUGUST.6 <.45.39 2.4 6.69.94 32.. SEPTEMBER. <.55.3.62 5.36.68 3. 45. OCTOBER 2.2 <.69.4.7 7.49.95 2. 56. NOVEMBER.65 <.55.5.88 3.72.77 29. 57. DECEMBER.95 <.55.64.77.2.69 9.9 64. Table X. SEDO Heavy Metals Data - 2 Washington Co. Career Center Lat: N 39.4336 Elv. : 3 m Lancaster Rd. Long: W -8.525 AQS: 39-67-8 Washington - designated Parameters units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc mercury JANUARY <.55 <.55.24.67 4.3 <.55 2. 28..2 FEBRUARY <.56 <.56.23.57 3.85 <.56 47. 7..2 MARCH.64 <.45.6.74 3.5.57 25. 23..2 APRIL.85 <.47.32.86 5.8.57 85. 23..2 MAY.84 <.46.25.8 4.5 <.46 29. 23..4 JUNE.93 <.46.4.8 4.34.5 2. 9..6 JULY. <.47.4.3 5.26.56 9. 22..3 AUGUST.3 <.39.2.82 3.67.47 84. 8..3 SEPTEMBER.7 <.47.2.78 2.3 <.47. 6..4 OCTOBER.2 <.47.3.98 4.7.56 27. 29..23 NOVEMBER <.46 <.46.5.79.99.78. 5..6 DECEMBER.68 <.45.4.7 2.87 <.45. 22..7 8

Table Y. SEDO Heavy Metals Data - 2 Washington County Educational Service Center 5 Victory Place - Harmar Site Lat: N 39.43729483 Elv. : 252 m Marietta, Ohio Long: W -8.47453 AQS: 39-67- Parameters Washington - designated units - - ng/m³ MONTH arsenic beryllium cadmium chromium lead nickel manganese zinc JANUARY.9 <.4.7.75 3.86.4 7. 24. FEBRUARY.72 <.43.9.55 3.94 <.43 78. 6. MARCH.7 <.42.2.76 3.85.6 23. 2. APRIL.2 <.43.53.94 5.65.67 2. 26. MAY. <.42.34.52 4..32 93. 3. JUNE.9 <.42.78.9 4.38.5 2. 7. JULY.23 <.4.37.9 5.36.52 2. 9. AUGUST.2 <.34.28.84 3.34.53 5. 22. SEPTEMBER.82 <.4..73 2.25 <.4 55. 2. OCTOBER. <.4.28.86 3.83.55 7. 3. NOVEMBER.76 <.52.2.72 3.7 <.52 2. 26. DECEMBER.77 <.4..7 2.68 <.4 24. 9. 9

FUTURE The long term air toxics monitoring goals of DAPC will focus on the requirements of the Clean Air Act (CAA), particularly Section 2, and will support the development of EPA s Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy. In addition the air toxics monitoring efforts will incorporate relative elements of the mission and goals of DAPC to protect the environment for the benefit of all and to develop improved air toxics information. The current strategy of urban based monitoring has evolved over the years and the number of sites and locations have changed depending on resources and priorities. The major emphasis of existing sampling projects is to develop and establish cost effective, routine sampling and analysis procedures. U.S. EPA has provided the Compendium of Recommended Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air. Methods have been updated to allow for more uniform approaches for sampling and analyzing various groups of compounds. New methods have been developed and added for compounds not previously targeted. There is even a Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants In Indoor Air. Ohio EPA s own air toxics monitoring capacity has been enhanced with the expansion of the air canister sample analysis capability by the Division of Environmental Services (DES). Future Goals of the division will be modified to be compatible with the National Air Toxics Assessment Network activities. The intent of this network is to provide measurements of ambient concentrations of air toxics at monitoring sites throughout the nation for the estimation of human and environmental exposure to air toxics, and the assessment of risk due to air toxics. As part of the current grant commitment to U.S. EPA, DAPC will continue its effort to submit future Air Toxics Data to the AQS Database. As part of that effort DAPC will compile all air toxics data collected in previous years so that it may eventually be submitted to AQS. DAPC has already made an effort to have all metals data submitted to AQS. An intermediate effort of DAPC will be to conduct follow-up sampling efforts for the U.S. EPA School Air Toxics Program. Some of these areas were a high priority before the EPA study and will continue to be until the situation is mitigated. One development of this program was the expanded role of district and local air agencies into air toxics sampling. 2

Modernization: DAPC will pursue information on new technology such as: Continuous gas chromatography, mass spectrometry DES has developed an ICP/MS method for lead to be equivalent to Manual Equivalent Method: EQL-7-92 and it is used to analyze all standard metals parameters, (except manganese, mercury and zinc), from single filters. Updates of the Compendium of Recommended Methods are available at the following: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/airtox.html and http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/inorg.html and Modernizing the Stainless Steel Canister inventory Evaluate future training needs for Air Toxics Monitoring: sampling methods, analytical procedures, equipment 2

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VII. AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI) There has been a daily reporting of ambient air quality in Ohio's major metropolitan areas in some form since 97. A national Pollution Standards Index (PSI) was established in 977 to report air quality. This index was adopted by Ohio EPA's District Offices and the local air agencies (LAA's) to inform the public of daily air quality. In the summer of 999 the PSI scale was revised and renamed the Air Quality Index (AQI). It was modified to add 2.5 micron particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and to accommodate the 8-Hour ozone standard. The AQI (see Table 3) is a uniform "scaling" of five pollutants: particulate (PM and PM 2.5 ), sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The concentration level of each of these is calculated every day to determine the AQI. The pollutant with the highest AQI is reported to the media. When the AQI exceeds, or is expected to exceed, in a major city, the agency concerned issues a "health advisory". When pollution levels exceed an AQI of 2 and are projected to persist, an "air pollution episode" exists and the Governor declares an "alert". This initiates mandatory cutbacks of emissions from specified facilities to alleviate the situation. If the AQI were to surpass 3, 4 or 5, progressively greater cutbacks would be implemented to reduce pollutants to an acceptable level. The AQI trend shows that Ohio's air quality has improved significantly. Although alerts were commonplace in the early 97's, none have happened in over twenty years, and the number of health advisories has been greatly reduced. 23

TABLE 3 C omparison Of AQI Values With Pollutant Concentr ations, Descriptor Words And Associated Colors INDEX VALUE P M μg/m 3 P M 2. 5 μg/m 3 CO ppm S O 2 ppm Ozone ppm N O 2 ppm Color Categor y 24-Hour 24-Hou r 8-Hou r 24-Hou r 8-Hou r -Hou r -Hou r -5-5 4.-5. 4.-4. 4 -.35.-.59 -.53 n G ree Goo d 5-55-5 4 5.5-4. 4.5-9. 4 4.36-.75.6-.75.54-. w Y ello Moderat e -5 55-25 4 4.5-65. 4 9.5-2. 4.76-.85.76-.95.25-.6 4.-.36 Orange Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups 5-2 255-35 4 65.5-5. 4 2 2.5-5.4.86-.34.96-.5.65-.2 4.36-.64 d R e Unhealth y 2-3 355-42 4 5.5-25. 4 2.35-.64.6-.374 5.5-3.4.25-.4 4.65-.2 4 P urple Ver y Unhealthy 3-425 - 25. 5 2-3.5 -.6 5 ( 3 ).45 -.25 - M aroo n Hazardou s A reas are generally required to report the AQI based on 8-Hr oz one values. The maximum of the 8-Hr or -Hr is used. 2 I f a different Significant Harm Level for PM 2 5 is promulgated, these numbers will be changed. 3 8 -Hr Ozone values do not define higher AQI values ( $ concentrations. 3). AQI values of 3 or higher are calculated with -Hr ozone. 24

AQI Chart The accompanying table shows the AQI values for selected counties. It should be noted that the daily AQI values that are calculated and reported on a daily basis for cities in these counties may differ from those in the table. The daily AQI is based on a limited number of monitors (particularly PM and PM 2.5 ). This table uses data from all Federal Reference Monitors in the county. From those data the highest AQI value is chosen for each day. The data in TABLE 4 is for the AQI in effect during 2. The table gives a general representation of the relative air quality in these counties. There were no readings in the very unhealthy or hazardous categories. County Highest AQI Value TABLE 4 Days in each category: Good Moderate Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Unhealthy Butler 47 2 9 4 Clark 6 287 7 7 Cuyahoga 29 7 79 5 Franklin 32 255 2 8 Hamilton 6 28 4 3 2 Jefferson 53 23 27 7 Lake 5 225 75 65 Lawrence 329 36 Lucas 22 298 64 3 Mahoning 6 34 59 2 Montgomery 47 285 73 7 Stark 29 24 6 8 Summit 24 268 9 6 Trumbull 6 29 5 4 25

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VIII. MONITORING SITES 2

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Explanation of AQS codes: The first column is the AQS number which consists of: 39-the state code NNN-the county code, alphabetical, odd numbers only NNNN-the site code The second column is the county in which the monitoring site is located The third column is a street address or city name The fourth column lists the pollutants monitored at the site. The main parameters monitored at sites are: PB Lead PM Ten Micron Particulate Matter (PM ) LC25 2.5 Micron Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) PM25C 2.5 Micron Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Continuous PMSP 2.5 Micron Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Speciation PT Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) O3 Ozone (O 3 ) SO2 Sulfur Dioxide CO Carbon Monoxide NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide 29

Monitoring Network in 2 Monitors that had data in any part of 2 AQS County Site Location Parameter(s) Number 39-- Adams 2 N. Wilson SO2, PM25C 39-3-6 Allen 34 Findlay Rd. PM 39-3-7 Allen Rousch Rd. PM 39-3-8 Allen North St. PM 39-3-9 Allen 285 Bible Rd. SO2, O3, PM25C, LC25 39-7- Ashtabula Conneaut O3, SO2 39-9-3 Athens Gifford State Forest LC25 39-9-4 Athens 776 Blackburn Rd. SO2, NO2, O3, PM25C 39-3-32 Belmont E 4 St., Shadyside SO2 39-7-3 Butler Bonita & St. John PM, LC25 39-7-4 Butler Schuler & Bender O3 39-7-5 Butler 39 Lefferson PM, PB, PT 39-7-6 Butler 4 Nilles Rd. LC25 39-7-8 Butler 7 Runway Dr. O3 39-7-9 Butler 3 Oxford State Rd. SO2, LC25, PM25C 39-7-2 Butler 335 Yankee Rd. SO2, LC25, PM25C 39-23- Clark 57 Urbana Rd. O3 39-23-3 Clark 54 Spangler Rd. O3, SO2 39-23-5 Clark 35 N. Fountain Ave. LC25, PM25C 39-25-22 Clermont 24 Clermont Center Dr. O3, LC25, PM25C 39-27-2 Clinton 62 Laurel Dr., Career Cntr O3 39-29-9 Columbiana 25 George St. PB 39-29-2 Columbiana 222 Michigan Ave. PM, PB, PT 39-29-22 Columbiana 5 Maryland Ave. SO2, PM, PB 39-35-34 Cuyahoga 89 E 52 St. O3, LC25 39-35-38 Cuyahoga 2547 St. Tikhon Ave. PB, SO2, PM, LC25, PMSP, PM25C, PT 39-35-42 Cuyahoga 336 Lorain PB, PT 39-35-45 Cuyahoga 4595 Broadway Ave. SO2, PM, LC25 39-35-49 Cuyahoga E. 56 th St. PB, PT 39-35-5 Cuyahoga E. 9 th & St. Clair CO 39-35-53 Cuyahoga 46 Pearl Rd. CO 39-35-6 Cuyahoga E. 4 th & Orange O3, NO2, SO2, PM, LC25, PM25C, PMSP, CO 39-35-6 Cuyahoga West 3 rd St. PB, PT 39-35-64 Cuyahoga Berea O3 39-35-65 Cuyahoga 46 Harvard Ave. SO2, PM, LC25 39-35-72 Cuyahoga 26565 Miles Rd. PB, PT 39-35-2 Cuyahoga 69 Holland Rd. PM, LC25 39-35-52 Cuyahoga 66 Wilson Mills Rd. O3 39-4-2 Delaware 359 Main St. O3 39-49-5 Franklin Morse & Karl Rds CO 3

AQS County Site Location Parameter(s) Number 39-49-24 Franklin Ohio State Fairgrounds PM, LC25 39-49-25 Franklin 58 Woodrow Ave. PB, LC25 39-49-29 Franklin 76 Fodor Rd., New Albany O3, PM25C, LC25 39-49-34 Franklin Korbel Ave. PM25C 39-49-37 Franklin 777 E. Broad St. O3 39-49-8 Franklin 575 Maple Canyon Dr. O3, LC25, PMSP 39-5- Fulton 2 Van Buren St. PB 39-55-4 Geauga 3 Auburn Rd. O3 39-57-5 Greene Dayton St. PM, LC25, PM25C 39-57-6 Greene 54 Ledbetter Rd. O3 39-6-6 Hamilton 59 Grooms Rd. O3, LC25, PM25C 39-6- Hamilton 695 Ripple Rd. O3, SO2, LC25, PM25C 39-6-4 Hamilton 8 E. Seymour PM, LC25 39-6-2 Hamilton E. Fifth Ave. CO 39-6-4 Hamilton 25 Wm. Howard Taft Rd. O3, NO2, PM, LC25, PM25C, PMSP, CO, SO2 39-6-42 Hamilton 2 W. Eighth St. LC25 39-6-5 Hamilton Cooper Ave. PM 39-63-2 Hancock 986 CR 33 PM 39-63-3 Hancock 986 CR 33 PM 39-63-4 Hancock CR 44 PM 39-8- Jefferson 4 3 rd St., Brilliant PM 39-8-7 Jefferson 68 Logan O3, SO2, PM, LC25, PM25C 39-8-8 Jefferson 3487 County Rd. 9 SO2 39-8-2 Jefferson 469 3 rd St. SO2 39-8- Jefferson Mingo Junction City Hall LC25, PMSP 39-83-2 Knox Water Plant, SR 34 O3 39-85-3 Lake Jefferson Elementary School O3, SO2 39-85-6 Lake 8443 Mentor Ave. CO 39-85-7 Lake 77 Main SO2, O3, LC25, PM25C 39-85- Lake 325 Vine St. PM 39-87- Lawrence SR 775 & SR 4 O3 39-87-2 Lawrence 45 Commerce Dr. O3, SO2, PM25C, PM, LC25, PMSP 39-89-5 Licking 3 Licking View Dr., Heath O3 39-9-6 Logan 32 Richard Ave. PB 39-93-8 Lorain 476 Detroit Rd. O3 3

AQS County Site Location Parameter(s) Number 39-93-32 Lorain 28 Lake Breeze PM, LC25, PM25C, PMSP 39-95-24 Lucas 348 S. Erie St. O3, LC25, PM25C 39-95-26 Lucas 428 Airport Highway LC25, PMSP 39-95-27 Lucas 2 S. Byrne Rd., Waterville O3 39-95-28 Lucas 6 Collins Park LC25 39-95-34 Lucas 36 Yondota O3 39-95-3 Lucas Lee & Front PM 39-97-7 Madison 994 SR 38 SW O3 39-99-5 Mahoning Fire Station 7 PM, LC25 39-99-6 Mahoning Fire Station 5 PM 39-99-3 Mahoning 345 Oakhill Ave. O3, SO2 39-99-4 Mahoning Oakhill LC25, PM25C, PMSP 39--3 Marion Hawthorne Ave. PB 39-3-4 Medina Ballash Rd. CO, SO2, NO2, O3, LC25, PM25C 39-5-3 Meigs 7 Memorial Dr. SO2 39-5- Meigs Mulberry Ave., Pomeroy SO2 39-9-5 Miami 3825 N. SR 589 O3 39-3-28 Montgomery 9 W. Fairview Ave. CO 39-3-32 Montgomery 25 E. Third St. LC25, PM25C, PMSP 39-3-34 Montgomery 7 South Main St. CO 39-3-37 Montgomery 4 Harshman Rd. O3 39-3-7 Montgomery 2728 Viking Lane PM 39-5-4 Morgan SR 83 SO2 39-33-2 Portage 53 Washington Ave. LC25 39-33- Portage 57 Ravenna Rd. O3 39-35- Preble National Trails School O3, LC25, PM25C, CO, SO2, PMSP 39-45-3 Scioto 4862 Gallia St., SO2, PM, LC25 39-45-9 Scioto 65 Washington St. PM 39-45-2 Scioto 284 Back Rd. SO2, PM 39-45-2 Scioto 2446 Gallia Pike PM 39-45-22 Scioto 74 Gallia Pike SO2, PM 39-5-6 Stark Malone College O3 39-5-7 Stark 33 Dueber Ave. LC25, PMSP, PB 39-5-2 Stark 42 Market Ave. CO, LC25 39-5-22 Stark 45 S. Wabash O3 39-5-45 Stark 75 W. Vine St., Alliance O3 39-53-7 Summit 8 Brittain Rd. SO2, LC25, PM25C 39-53-2 Summit 8 Patterson Ave. O3, CO 39-53-22 Summit 77 S. Broadway CO, SO2 39-53-23 Summit 66 W. Exchange St. LC25, PM25SP 39-55-5 Trumbull 54 Laird Ave. SE Warren PM, LC25, PM25C 32

AQS County Site Location Parameter(s) Number 39-55-6 Trumbull 2323 Main Ave. PM 39-55-9 Trumbull Community Hall, Kinsman O3 39-55- Trumbull Vienna O3 39-55-2 Trumbull 26 Elmore Dr. PB 39-57-6 Tuscarawas 527 Crescent St. SO2 39-65-7 Warren 46 Southeast St. O3, LC25, PM25C 39-67-4 Washington 2 Fourth St., Marietta O3 39-67-8 Washington Washington Career Center PB 39-67- Washington 5 Victory Place PB 39-73-3 Wood 347 Dunbridge Rd. O3 33

Acronyms and Abbreviations AA AIRS-AQS AQCR AQI AQS ATMP CBSA CFR CO DAPC DES DO EDT FR GC GC/MS LAA NAAQS NADB NAMS NCore NO NO 2 O 3 OAQPS OASN Org Type Atomic Absorption Aerometric Information Retrieval System-Air Quality Subsystem (no longer used) Air Quality Control Region Air Quality Index (replaced Pollutant Standard Index, PSI) Air Quality System (replaced AIRS-AQS) Air Toxics Monitoring Program Core Based Statistical Area Code of Federal Regulations Carbon Monoxide Division of Air Pollution Control Division of Environmental Services District Office Exceptional Data Type Federal Register Gas Chromatograph or Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Local Air Agency National Ambient Air Quality Standards National Aerometric Databank National Ambient Monitoring Stations National Core Monitoring Network Nitric Oxide Nitrogen Dioxide Ozone Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Ohio Air Sampling Network Organization Type Pb Lead POC Parameter Occurrence Code ppb parts per billion ppm parts per million PQAO Primary Quality Assurance Organization PM also PM- ten micron particulate matter PM 2.5 also PM-2.5 2.5 micron particulate matter PSI Pollutant Standard Index (replaced by Air Quality Index, AQI) RADS Remote Ambient-Air Data System SLAMS State/Local Ambient Monitoring Stations SO 2 Sulfur Dioxide TO-4A Toxics analysis methods descriptions TSP Total Suspended Particulate VOC Volatile Organic Carbon μg/m 3 also ug/m^3 micrograms per cubic meter mg/m 3 milligrams per cubic meter ng/m 3 nanograms per cubic meter # Obs Number of observations/samples 34

Reporting Organizations Reporting Organization Code Agency Description 2 Akron Regional Air Pollution Control Agency 5 Canton City Health Department Air Pollution Control 22 City of Toledo, Environmental Services Division 229 Cleveland Air Pollution Control Agency 287 Dayton Regional Air Pollution Control Agency 595 Lake County Health Department Division Air Pollution 634 Mahoning-Trumbull Air Pollution Control Agency 743 National Lime and Stone Company 85 Ohio EPA, Central District Office 87 Ohio EPA, Northeast District Office 88 Ohio EPA, Northwest District Office 89 Ohio EPA, Southeast District Office 8 Ohio EPA, Southwest District Office 88 Portsmouth City Health Department Division of Air Pollution Control 8 US EPA/OAQPS 27 Research Triangle Institute RTP, NC 259 Hamilton Co. Department of Environmental Services 299 URS Corp, TX 335 Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 344 US EPA-Clean Air Markets Division 373 Shell Engineering & Assoc., MO 35