BC43: Virtualization and the Green Factor Ed Harnish
Agenda The Need for a Green Datacenter Using Greener Technologies Reducing Server Footprints Moving to new Processor Architectures The Benefits of Virtualization Strategies for Moving from Physical to Virtual Infrastructures Working with Policy-based Workloads Potential and Real Cost Savings Getting There: Specific Steps to Follow 2
The Need for a Green Datacenter According to a Ziff-Davis survey, Power Consumption and Cooling in the Data Center, 71% of data center operators identified power consumption as being a key issue affecting data centers but only 38% reported that power consumption had influenced purchasing decisions. Survey was sponsored by AMD As part of NYSERDA s mission to use innovation and technology to solve New York s most difficult energy and environmental problems in ways that improve the State s economy, it is of utmost importance that we proactively address the increasing energy demand of the rapidly expanding IT infrastructure in New York State. Source: New York State Energy Research and Development 3
Defining the Problem Utility and IT expenses do not come from the same budgets Performance, initial cost, system compatibility are the key factors in IT purchasing decisions Operating Systems and mission-critical software can often dictate hardware configurations Manufacturers define performance and efficiency differently or don t do it at all Space, heating, ventilation and air conditioning are seldom considered when purchasing IT assets Small to midsize businesses are unaware of the actual cost of powering the equipment Many organizations have no easy way of determining how much of the power bill is attributable to IT equipment No industry standard method of measuring server efficiency Are IT managers ecological terrorists? 4
Going for the Green Datacenter? Datacenters consume up to 100 times more energy per square foot than traditional office space They are being constructed at an unprecedented rate The amount of power used in running and cooling servers and auxiliary infrastructure doubled between 2000 and 2005 Source: Dr.Jon Koomey, consulting professor at Stanford University and one of the foremost international experts on energy usage by IT equipment The number of servers will increase by more than 50% from 2005 levels by 2010 Source: IDC 61 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity in 2006, roughly 1.6% of total US electricity consumption; currently costs the industry $4.5 billion per year Source: EPA This will result in an increase of about 75% of the amount of electricity consumed by servers Jon Koomey 5
Escalating Cost of Power More than 80 local utility and state energy-efficient programs are offering rebates for increasing energy efficiency! In a recent survey, 63% of organizations have run out of space! Another 43% said they would run out in 6 months! 6
The Industry is going Green! Dell, Intel, Sun Microsystems and AMD joined forces to form The Green Grid http://www.thegreengrid.org/gg_content/ A non-profit organization that seeks to define best practices for optimizing the efficient consumption of power Initial results: The Green Grid Opportunity: Decreasing datacenter and other IT energy usage patterns Guidelines for Energy-Efficient Datacenters Green Grid Metrics: Describing Datacenter Power Efficiency Europe is now charging a carbon tax California s Pacific Gas & Electric is leading the way by giving rebates of up to $4M per site for physical server removals http://www.virtual-strategy.com/article/articleview/1770/1/22/ 7
Using Greener Technologies Four Key Steps: Reduce Server Footprints Move to new Processor Architectures Implement Virtualization Work with Policy-based Workloads
Review Datacenter Structures Traditional Datacenters are facing significant issues Physical servers are taking up too much room Physical servers are underused (5 to 15%) Physical servers generate too much heat Physical servers need more and more power Physical datacenters need complex business continuity solutions Downtime is a constant issue that must be eliminated Hardware management is complex and must be simplified 9
Racks versus Blades Too many organizations still use larger servers Racks are quickly filling up 4U systems fill racks more rapidly 2U or 1U systems take less space Blade servers are better Blade system is 7U to 10U on average, but can include 10-16 servers Blade systems share components and are not so demanding on power, cooling and space Up to 80% cabling reductions Up to 50% less heat Up to 20% less power consumption 10
Control Power and Cooling Systems Processors are a key factor in heat generation and power consumption Consider new processor architecture for servers AMD is a hot new choice lowest heat generation in the industry AMD can help control power consumption lowest performance-per-watt rating in the industry Support hardware virtualization since early 2005 AMD can grow with your needs http://enterprise.amd.com/us-en/amd-business/technology-home/power-management.aspx 11
Improved Processor Power Management Dual-core Native Quad-core IDLE 75%MHz IDLE 35% MHz IDLE 75%MHz IDLE 35% CORE 0 CORE 1 MHz CORE 0 CORE 1 MHz and voltage is locked to highest utilized core s p- state IDLE 10%MHz IDLE 1% CORE 2 CORE 3 MHz MHz is independently adjusted separately per core. Native Quad-Core technology enables enhanced power management across all four cores 12
Power Performance Performance-Per-Watt Scalability Greater Performance Same Power & Same Footprint! Consistent power and thermals help deliver better performance per watt Performance- Per-Watt CPU Watts CPU Watts CPU Watts Single Core Dual Core Quad Core 2003 2005 2007 13
Machine Virtualization Architecture Free Virtualization Layer Paid virtualization layer Guest 1 Guest 2 Guest 3 Guest 1 Guest 2 Guest 3 Virtualization Layer Host OS Hypervisor Hardware Hardware What many use to start What may use in Production Technology that partitions a computer into several independent machines that can support different OS s and applications concurrently. The hypervisor is the underlying software which runs directly on the hardware and manages multiple operating systems. A virtual machine is self-contained operating environment that runs on top of the virtualization layer and behaves as if it is a separate computer. 14
Operating System Virtualization Create virtual version of an operating system Series of files in a folder Configuration files Virtual hard drive files Three main commercial solutions Microsoft: Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 (free) Virtual PC 2007 (free) Windows Server Virtualization (Hypervisor) VMware (currently holds 80% of market): VMware Server (free) Workstation 6.0 Virtual Infrastructure 3.x or ESX Server 3.x or 3i Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) Citrix XenServer XenExpress v4 (free) XenServer v4 XenEnterprise v4 or OEM Virtualization technology is helping our customers realize significant energy and cost savings, while addressing critical data center capacity issues. By providing financial support, we hope to increase industry adoption of this technology. Helen Burt, Senior VP of PG&E 15
Windows Server R2 Enterprise Edition Windows Server R2 Enterprise Edition INCLUDES 4 Instances Windows Windows Windows Virtualization Layer Windows Windows Server 2003 R2 EE Hardware Old License Model Total: 5 Windows Licenses New with Windows Server R2 EE: Total: 1 License Supports faster VM provisioning because you don t need to worry about licensing Should be able to provision new VMs in less than 20 mins! Physical host OS and up to 4 guests Each additional Windows Server R2 Enterprise Edition license you add gives you up to 4 more guests Windows Server Datacenter Edition allows unlimited guests Use the Microsoft Virtualization Calculator at http://www.microsoft.com/windows server2003/howtobuy/licensing/calc ulator.mspx 16
Server Virtualization Scenarios Production Server Consolidation Business Continuity Management Test and Development Dynamic Datacenter 17 2007, Resolutions Enterprises Ltd.
Build the Datacenter Ecosystem Integrate virtualization layers into one single service architecture in the Datacenter 18
Use a 7-Layer Virtual Architecture 19
P2V: Catalyst to Greening Datacenters There are several products both free and paid that support the physical to virtual move process Just point to a physical server and transform it into a virtual machine But, is it that easy? In reality, no. You must make sure that the P2V tool you use can convert the system drivers from actual hardware to simulated hardware. Not all tools can do this. 20
P2V: A Broader Outlook The physical to virtual conversion is not necessarily a one-time process For example, Microsoft s support strategy for virtual workloads is on a best effort basis (see KB Article 897615) If the problem persists, they often request that you return the system to a physical machine. In addition, you need to ensure you can back up and restore all systems, physical and virtual The best strategy is to rely on a tool that will combine both backups and system conversions 21
Conversion at Work A combined tool supports any conversion situation 22
Policy-based Workloads Physical servers are nothing but resource pool much like the network infrastructure Service offerings the offerings that interact with users are running in virtual machines only Virtual service offerings (VSO) are powered on and off on an as-needed basis Resource pools are powered up based on VSO workloads 23
Policy-based Workloads at Work 7am 8am-9am noon-1pm 1pm-4pm 6pm-7am Vendor Cassatt already offers automated power efficiency software; see their power saving calculator at: http://www.cassatt.co m/tools/powersavecalc.php 24
Mainstream Virtualization At VMWorld, VMware announced ESX Server 3i, a 32MB hypervisor that is built into server firmware XenServer announced XenEnterprise OEM which does the same thing Microsoft is soon to release Windows Server Hyper-V which will be built in to Windows Server 2008 VMware, XenServer and Microsoft are releasing offerings in support of SMB virtualization On October 8 th VMware announced VMware Distributed Power Management to reduce power consumption in the Datacenter through intelligent workload balancing This is just the beginning! 25
New Server Form Factors HP BladeSystem c3000 can now blend servers and storage in the same enclosure www.hp.com Kell Systems sells new smart enclosures that fit in any office www.kellsystems.com SMBs and Remote offices will be able to depend on the server in a box concept 26
Potential & Real Costs Savings Power Savings Cooling Savings Hardware Savings License Savings (Microsoft) Processor Savings (AMD) Power Rebates (Selected Utility Firms) Government Rebates (Selected States) $300 to $600 per virtualized server Up to $400 per virtualized server From $2,500 per virtualized server 75% of Enterprise license per virtualized server Between 15 to 65% per processor Up to 50% total cost of the project Variable reduction rates on income tax Space Savings 90% space reduction (based on an average of 10 VMs per physical host) Feel Good Ratio! 100% because you re doing something good for the planet! 27
Getting There! Control server proliferation Don t let virtualization lead you into more server proliferation Rely on data center Green practices Move to blade servers Rely on new AMD processors Start small and build on your successes Use free virtualization technologies at first Create a complete system protection and physical to virtual (P2V) conversion strategy Ensure you use the right virtualization solution Move to a dynamic datacenter when you feel ready! 28
Resources The Green Grid Association http://www.thegreengrid.org/gg_content/ The Green Data Project http://greendataproject.org/ Eco-Datacenter Design Blog http://datacenterdesign.blogspot.com/2006/11/eco-friendly-solutions-build-green.html Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation http://www.spec.org/ US Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov/ 29