Building Construction and BIM in Japan

Building Construction and BIM in Japan Japan Federation of Construction Contractors, Research and Development Committee Technical Research Section Chairman Obayashi Corporation, Technical Research Institute Executive Officer and General Manager Takashi Shiokawa IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 1

JFCC Research and Development Committee Japan Federation of Construction Contractors (JFCC) The construction contractors organization which works to resolve the various systems and issues related to the construction industry. 138 contractors have joined. JFCC Research and Development Committee The committee which addresses the research, development and improvement of building technology supporting for social and building needs. IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 2

Building Construction and BIM in Japan Building Construction in Japan Construction Investment Design-Build System Design Division of Contractor Research and Development in Contractor Project Contract Type Current Status of BIM in Japan Trends of BIM in the world Trends of BIM in Japan BIM Activities of JFCC IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 3

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 4 Building Construction in Japan

Trends in Construction Investment Construction investment was reduced to 50% of the peak in 2010 and began to increase in earthquake recovery demand from 2011. (Trillion Yen) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 84.0 81.7 82.8 78.8 79.0 32.3 34.2 34.6 33.3 35.2 49.1 45.3 43.9 45.8 41.0 75.2 71.4 68.5 33.0 66.2 34.0 31.9 30.0 39.9 61.3 56.8 28.2 53.7 52.8 51.6 51.3 25.9 23.5 20.8 19.0 17.8 47.7 48.2 16.9 16.7 34.9 34.7 33.6 30.8 29.2 28.7 29.7 29.7 30.6 27.7 28.4 Government Sector Private Sector Building 50.0 43.0 44.9 41.9 41.9 22.0 17.9 18.9 18.0 17.2 22.7 22.1 22.5 23.4 26.3 10 0 51.6 47.5 45.5 43.8 48.2 42.2 37.4 36.6 36.2 33.1 30.9 30.2 32.0 32.6 33.5 30.7 31.4 25.0 23.9 24.7 26.0 28.0 1992 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 (Fiscal Year) JFCC : Construction Industry Handbook 2013 IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 5

Breakdown of construction investment The majority of private investment is building work. Private Residential Building 31.2 % Private Non-residential Building 15.8 % Private Civil 11.0 % Private 58.0 % Government Civil 36.8 % Government 42.0 % Government Residential Building 0.9 % Government Non-residential Building 4.3 % JFCC : Construction Industry Handbook 2013 IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 6

JFCC : Japanese Multi-disciplinary Contractors with Their Own Design Divisions IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 7 Japanese Design-Build System Business Planning Phase Building Phase Operation Phase Client Confirm Design Criteria Confirm Design Confirm Design Handover Start of Construction Completion Multi-disciplinary Contractor Design Pre-design Preliminary Design Detailed Design Supervision Design Review Technical Review (Quality, Technology, Cost) Design Review Technical Review (Quality, Technology, Cost) Design Review Construction Inspection Inspection Post-Construction Scheduled Inspection Services Technical Support

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 8 Japanese Design-Build System Historical reasons Traditionally, Japanese society has relied on an architectural system in which a master carpenter (toryo) is responsible for both the design and the construction of buildings. Clients put their faith in this system, which, over the year, has been refined and steadily developed by various contractors and their design divisions. Advantages of the System Clearly defined responsibilities for the design and construction of buildings. Assured quality based on construction-technological feedback. Accelerated project delivery. The system can produce high-quality buildings rapidly and economically.

Design Division of Contractor 55 major member contractors of JFCC have design divisions Trends in the ratio of design department employees 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% 7.5% 7.4% 7.4% 7.4% 6.9% 6.5% 5.7% 5.6% 5.7% 5.9% 2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 (Fiscal Year) JFCC Design Committee : Design department annual questionnaire 2012 IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 9

Ratio of Design-Build Projects Design-Build Rate Design-Build order volume Design-Build Rate Designed Alone 2,099,531 Million Yen 31.4% Designed Together 310,024 Million Yen 4.6% Alone + Togeter 2,409,555 Million Yen 36.0% Design-Build Rate = Design-Build contract volume / Building Work order volume Building Work order volume (in Japan)= 6,679, 580 Million Yen Designed Together : designed in collaboration with other companies In the case of joint venture project, the amount was entered in accordance with the equity. JFCC Design Committee : Design department annual questionnaire 2012 IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 10

Research and Development in Contractor Trends in R & D Expenses R & D expenses of the construction industry are less than those of other industries. However, some major companies invest about 10 billion yen per year. Trends in the ratio of R & D Expenses to Sales All Industry Manufacturing Construction Expenses in 2011 : 113 billion yen (Fiscal Year) JFCC : Construction Industry Handbook 2013 IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 11

Research and Development in Contractor 36 major member contractors of JFCC perform research and development. Total R & D expenses to sales : 0.56% 28 contractors own experimental facilities JFCC R & D Committee : R & D annual questionnaire 2012 R & D expence (Billion Yen) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Ratio of R & D expenses to sales 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 with Laboratory sales (Billion Yen) without Laboratory IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 12

Research and Development in Contractor Breakdown of R & D expenses Quality & Productivity 36% Safety & Security 24% Global Environment 21% Amenity & Health 6% Others 12% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Quality & Productivity Concrete, Skeleton, Construction Method, Automation, Maintenance Global Environment Energy saving, CO2 Reduction, Soil Remediation, Water Purification, Alternative Energy Others Engineering, BIM Safety & Security Earthquake Resistant, Seismic-Response Control, Base Isolation, Seismology Amenity & Health Sound, Vibration, Temperature, Humidity JFCC R & D Committee : R & D annual questionnaire 2012 IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 13

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 14 Project Contract Type Fixed price contract is common in building industry. Fixed Price (lump sum) Contract The contractor agrees to complete the project for a specific period of time and the client agrees to pay a fixed amount of money. Bill of Quantities Contract The contractor agrees based upon the contract documents with the quantity table that the client has provided. Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract The contractor is responsible for cost overruns, unless the GMP has been increased. Savings resulting from cost underruns are returned to the client or distributed. Unit-price Contract The client agrees a unit price of labor and materials. Total cost will vary depending on the increase or decrease in these quantities. Cost-plus (Cost Reimbursement) Contract The contractor is paid for all of its allowed expenses to a set limit plus additional payment to allow for a profit.

Current status of BIM in Japan IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 15

Trends of BIM in the world BIM Guidelines are developed and BIM is being mandatory Country Organization Title US NIBS National BIM Standard US GSA BIM Guide Series 1~6 US Wisconsin BIM Guideline and Standard for Architect & Engineer US BuildingSMART US & Penn. State Univ. BIM Project Execution Planning Guide Ver.1 Finland Senate Properties BIM Requirements Vol.1~9 Denmark bips CAD Manual 2008 Singapore BCA BIM Regulation Submission Pilot Guideline Australia CRC National Guideline for Digital modeling Korea MLTM BIM Application Guide Korea PPS BIM Roadmap IAI Japan Junichi Yamashita : Present and Future of BIM in the World and Japan IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 16

Trends of BIM in the world Clients are active in the adoption of BIM Senate Properties An unincorporated state-owned enterprise which manages a major part of the real estate in Finland. Main Objectives of Requirements 2007 With the help of three-dimensional assessment of design solutions, it aims at improving quality and the information exchange between the parties, reducing the number of design errors, increasing the efficiency of the design process and ensuring that the end result conforms to the objectives. The client will pay the modeling and administrative costs of BIM indirectly. IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 17

Trends of BIM in Japan 2010.3 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT) announced Start of BIM pilot project in government building and repairs. 2012.7 Japan Institute of Architects (JIA) released the BIM guidelines. It shows the agenda and expected effect of BIM to architects. 2012.09 MLIT Government Buildings Department began to study for the development of BIM modeling rules. IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 18

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 19 Trends of BIM in Japan Comparison with the guidelines of overseas Nation Level US NIBS Korea MLTM Agency / Organization Level Finland Senate Properties US Wisconsin US GSA Korea PPS JIA BIM guidelines Project Level Norway, Oslo New National Museum BIM Pilot Project

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 20 Trends of BIM in Japan Contractors are expecting effects of BIM as follows: Acceleration of the process of reaching a consensus with a client and a designer. Improvement of the coordination process between subcontractors, fabricators and manufacturers. Improvement of the productivity and shortening construction period by front-loading. Subcontractors, fabricators and manufacturers are expecting effects of BIM as the follows: Improvement of the coordination process between contractor. Improvement of the manufacturing process by data linkage. Reduction of rework due to front-loading.

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 21 Trends of BIM in Japan Contractors are active participants in the design competition using BIM. Build Live Japan Virtual design competitions organized by IAI Japan Competing for the completeness and novelty of BIM work in 48 hours. Grand Prize Winners Build Live Tokyo 2009 Build Live Tokyo 2009 Part II Build Live Tokyo 2010 Build Live Kobe 2011 Build Live Chiba 2012 Build Live Japan 2013 Maeda Corporation Shimizu Corporation Obayashi Corporation, Shibaura institute of Technology Shibaura institute of Technology Obayashi Corporation

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 22 Trends of BIM in Japan Procurement of BIM modeling work is spreading abroad. China India Vietnam Philippines

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 23 BIM Activities of JFCC Building Construction Committee, Information Technology Promotion Section, BIM special Section Organized in 2010, 15 Contractors and 21 observer companies such as subcontractors, manufacturers, fabricators and BIM software vendors. Purpose : Promoting the standardization of specifications and usage. Increasing the benefits of BIM in construction stage. 2011 : Published Investigation of BIM usage in subcontractors, manufacturers and fabricators

BIM Activities of JFCC 2012 : Organized BIM meeting for Subcontractors, Manufacturers and Fabricators 2012 : Performed Cooperative Digital Mock-up Trial. 2013 : Started development of Guidelines for BIM collaboration in construction stage. IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 24

IDDS & BIM Oneday Seminar 2013 25 Conclusion Building Construction in Japan Major contractors have design divisions and can produce high-quality building economically in a short period of time by design-build system. Major contractors also perform research and development not only for the building quality and productivity but also for the global environment, the safety and the security. Fixed price contract is common in building industry. Current Status of BIM in Japan Development of BIM Guidelines has been delayed from pioneering countries. The client side expectations for BIM is not strong yet. Architects and contractors are working on BIM for the purpose of their productivity improvement. BIM Activities of JFCC BIM special section organized in 2010 and worked for increasing the benefits of BIM in construction stage.