THE FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION OF ATTENDANCE ANALYSIS & MANAGEMENT. LEE GUAN HENG (Software Engineering)

THE FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION OF ATTENDANCE ANALYSIS & MANAGEMENT LEE GUAN HENG (Software Engineering) This project is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Computer Science with Honours Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA SARAWAK 2005

DECLARATION No portion of work referred to in this report has submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification of this or any other universities or institution of higher learning. (LEE GUAN HENG) (Date) ii

ACKNOWLEGEMENT I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Wang Yin Chai for his guidance and motivation in making this project a success. I wish to thank him for being very patient and helpful to me throughout the development process of the system. Apart from that, I am indebted to my examiner, Mr. Sylvester Arnab for his effort in helping me to improve the report and providing useful suggestions in the system that has been developed. Finally, my thank goes to my friends who have given my full cooperation, advice and support, without which I could not have completed this project. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES ABSTRACT ABSTRAK ii iii iv x xiii xiv xv CHAPTER 1: AN OVERVIEW 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Problem Statement 2 1.3 Objective 2 1.4 Scope 3 1.5 Expected Outcome 3 1.6 Significant 4 1.6.1 Contribution to Administrator/Lecturer 4 1.6.2 Contribution to Student 4 1.7 Outline of Project Report 5 iv

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 6 Part 1: Reviewing Biometric Technologies 2.2 Overview of Biometric 6 2.3 Biometric Technologies 7 2.3.1 Introduction 7 2.3.2 Advantages of Biometric Technologies 7 2.3.3 Biometric Identification Technologies 8 2.3.3.1 Facial Identification 8 2.3.3.2 Iris/Retina Identification 8 2.3.3.3 Hand Geometry Identification 9 2.3.3.4 Fingerprint Identification 10 2.3.4 Comparison of Biometric Identification 10 2.4 History of Fingerprint 11 2.5 Overview of Fingerprint 12 2.6 Fingerprint Identification 12 2.7 Fingerprint Matching Process 13 2.7.1 Fingerprint Identification System Architecture 13 2.7.2 Fingerprint Matching Methods 13 2.7.2.1 Minutiae Matching 14 2.7.2.2 Pattern Matching 15 Part 2: Reviewing Existing Attendance Management System 2.8 Attendance Management System 17 v

2.8.1 Attendance Management System 1.0 18 2.8.2 ARCHNET Attendance Management System (AMS) 20 2.8.3 Duvetdays Attendance Management Software 22 2.9 Summary 23 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 24 3.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 24 3.3 Summary 28 CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM ANALYSIS 4.1 Introduction 29 4.1.1 Purpose 29 4.2 Requirement Specification 29 4.2.1 Administrator Requirement 30 4.2.2 Student Requirement 31 4.3 Hardware Requirements 34 4.4 Software Requirements 34 4.5 Summary 35 CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM DESIGN 5.1 Introduction 36 5.2 System Architecture (Data Flow Diagram) 36 vi

5.2.1 Context Diagram of Proposed System 36 5.2.2 Diagram 0 38 5.2.3 Child Diagram 39 5.2.3.1 Process 1.0 Login 39 5.2.3.2 Process 2.0 Register New Member 40 5.2.3.3 Process 3.0 Add New Subject 41 5.2.3.4 Process 4.0 Register Subject 41 5.2.3.5 Process 5.0 Check In 42 5.2.3.6 Process 6.0 View Attendance Status 43 5.2.3.7 Process 7.0 View Attendance Report 44 5.2.3.8 Process 8.0 Search Student s Details 45 5.2.3.9 Process 9.0 Search Subject s Details 45 5.3 Data Dictionary 46 5.3.1 Data Elements 46 5.3.2 Data Store 47 5.4 Normalization 47 5.5 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) 49 5.6 Database Design 49 5.7 Summary 51 CHAPTER 6: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 6.1 Introduction 53 6.2 System Configuration 53 vii

6.2.1 Installing Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 53 6.2.2 Installing Microsoft Access 54 6.2.3 Installing Biokit SDK 54 6.3 System Decomposition 55 6.3.1 Login Module 56 6.3.2 Register As Member Module 57 6.3.3 Add New Subject Module 58 6.3.4 Register Subject Module 59 6.3.5 Check In Module 60 6.3.6 View Attendance Report Module 62 6.4 Fingerprint Encryption and Matching Features 65 6.4.1 Registration Feature 65 6.4.2 Matching Feature 65 6.5 Summary 66 CHAPTER 7: SYSTEM TESTING & EVALUATION 7.1 Introduction 67 7.2 Objectives 67 7.3 Specification Testing 67 7.3.1 Functional Testing 66 7.3.2 Usability Testing 69 7.3.2.1 Student 70 7.3.3 Graphical User Interface (GUI) Testing 70 viii

7.4 System Limitation 71 7.5 Summary 72 CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORKS 8.1 Introduction 73 8.2 Achievements 73 8.3 Problem Faced 75 8.4 Future Enhancement 75 8.4.1 Intranet/Local Network System 75 8.5 Summary 76 REFERENCES 77 APPENDIX Appendix A: Formal Attendance Sheet 79 Appendix B: Questionnaire 80 Appendix C: Data Dictionary 83 Appendix D: Data Elements 89 Appendix E: Database Design 91 Appendix F: Evaluation Form 92 Appendix G: Algorithm for Fingerprint Matching 94 Appendix H: Sample of Questionnaire Forms from User 96 Appendix I: Sample of Evaluation Forms from Student 97 ix

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Fingerprint Identification Architecture 13 Figure 2.2 Enrollments with Minutiae Points 14 Figure 2.3 Verification Using Minutiae Points Algorithm 15 Figure 2.4 Enrollment with Pattern-based Algorithm 16 Figure 2.5 Verification using Pattern-based Algorithm 17 Figure 2.6 Attendance Report for Attendance Management System 1.0 18 Figure 2.7 Printing Report Features 19 Figure 2.8 Interface for Attendance Management System 1.0 19 Figure 2.9 An Incoming Employee Attendance Interface 20 Figure 2.10 An Outgoing Employee Attendance Interface 21 Figure 2.11 An Attendance Report Preview 21 Figure 2.12 Attributes of Attendance Data Setting Interface 22 Figure 2.13 Viewing the Attendance Record 23 Figure 3.1 The System Development Life Cycle 25 Figure 4.1 Percentage of Student for Each Problem 32 Figure 4.2 Figure 4.3 Percentage of Student who satisfied the Current Attendance Management System. Percentage of Student who has personally Use or Knowledge about Fingerprint-based System 32 33 x

Figure 4.4 Percentage of Student who wants Viewing Personal Attendance History and Status Feature to be implemented 33 Figure 5.1 Context Diagram of Proposed System, FAMAS 36 Figure 5.2 Diagram 0 for FAMAS 38 Figure 5.3 Process 1.0 Login Child Diagram 39 Figure 5.4 Process 2.0 Register New Member Child Diagram 40 Figure 5.5 Process 3.0 Add New Subject 41 Figure 5.6 Process 4.0 Register Subject 41 Figure 5.7 Process 5.0 Check In Child Diagram 42 Figure 5.8 Process 6.0 View Attendance Status Child Diagram 43 Figure 5.9 Process 7.0 View Attendance Report Child Diagram 44 Figure 5.10 Process 8.0 Search Student s Detail Child Diagram 45 Figure 5.11 Process 9.0 Search Subject s Details 45 Figure 5.12 Relation Schema for FAMAS system 48 Figure 5.13 Entity Relationship Diagram for FAMAS 49 Figure 6.1 System Module for FAMAS 55 Figure 6.2 Login Module 56 Figure 6.3 Main Page of FAMAS System 57 Figure 6.4 Register as Member Module 58 Figure 6.5 Add New Subject Module 59 Figure 6.6 Register Subject Module 60 Figure 6.7 Check In Module 61 xi

Figure 6.8 View Attendance History and Status 62 Figure 6.9 View Attendance Report Module 63 Figure 6.10 Printing Attendance Report 64 Figure 6.11 Attendance Report Summary 64 Figure 7.1 System Functionality Survey Result 68 Figure 7.2 System Usability Survey Result 70 Figure 7.3 GUI Design Survey Result 71 xii

LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Comparison of Biometric Identifications 11 Table 5.1 Data Dictionary for FAMAS 46 Table 5.2 Data element for FAMAS 47 Table 5.3 Data Store for FAMAS 47 xiii

ABSTRACT The Fingerprint Attendance Management System (FAMAS) is a student attendance management system for university applied with fingerprint technology. The system is able to manage the student daily attendance. There are five major modules implemented in this system which is Student Information Module, Subject Information Module, Subject Registration Module, Attendance Management Module, and Attendance Report Module. In Student Information Module, it is allows to add, edit and delete student information with navigation and search features. Administrator/lecturer can add, edit and delete subject information in Subject Information Module. This module is used to allow administrator select a class in attendance management module. For convenience purpose, Subject Registration Module was implemented to allow student register available subject in the system. With this feature, administrator can view the list of students who are taken the particular subject. Attendance Management Module is a module where the students attendance has been recorded. The fingerprint technology is applied in this module that captured and template of fingerprint from database is compare. There is a checking attendance status feature in this module who is request from students for know their currently attendance status. Besides, reporting the students attendance records has been implemented in Attendance Report Module. Administrator can print out the each class attendance report or export it into html format for future checking purpose. xiv

ABSTRAK Fingerprint Attendance Management System (FAMAS) merupakan suatu sistem pegurusan kehadiran pelajar bagi universiti dengan mengaplikasi teknologi cap jari. Sistem ini mampu meguruskan kehadiran pelajar harian. Ia terdiri daripada lima utama modul iaitu Modul Maklumat Pelajar, Modul Maklumat Subjek, Modul Pendaftaran Subjek, Modul Pegurusan Kehadiran dan Modul Laporan Kehadiran. Dalam Modul Maklumat Pelajar, ia membenarkan tambah, edit dan gugur seseorang maklumat pelajar di samping cir-ciri navigasi dan mencari. Pentadbir/Pensyarah dapat menambah,mengedit and menggugurkan sesuatu maklumat subjek melalui Modul Maklumat Subjek. Modul ini digunakan bagi membenarkan pensyarah memilih satu kuliah dalan Modul Pengurusan Kehadiran. Untuk tujuan kemudahan, Modul Pendaftaran Subjek diimplementasikan untuk membenarkan pelajar mendaftar subjek yang sedia ada dalam sistem ini. Dengan adanya ciri ini, pensyarah dapat menyemak senarai pelajar yang mendaftar subjek tertentu. Modul Pengurusan Kehadiran ialah suatu modul yang mana kehadiran pelajar direkodkan. Cap jari teknologi diaplikasikan dalam modul ini dengan mengambil dan membandingkan cap jari pelajar daripada pangkalan data. Ia terdapat penyemakan status kehadiran ciri dalam modul ini yang mana diminta daripada pelajarbagi mengetahui status kehadiran dari semasa ke semasa. Selain itu, laporan mengenai kehadiran pelajar telah diimplementasikan dalam Modul Laporan Kehadiran. Pensyarah dapat mencetak suatu kehadiran kelas mahupun eksport laporan ini dalam bentuk html fail bagi tujuan penyemakan pada masa hadapan. xv

CHAPTER 1: AN OVERVIEW 1.1 Introduction Today, Electronic Attendance or also called as E-attendance is well known by the entire world. It functions in an accurate way on recording the working hours which is important for some particular system such as payroll system. Besides that, E- attendance provides a better data integrity and ease of use for users to manage. It works fast and accurate in terms of processing performance. As for this project, The Fingerprint Identification for Attendance Analysis and Management works as an E- attendance concept but in the other way, which is using the fingerprint application to identify and recording the student daily attendance for each lecture they have attended. Traditionally, the student attendance now is taken in a manual way which is either using the formal or informal paper attendance sheet. The manually taken student attendance is uncomfortable in teaching and learning situations to lecturers even to students. This project is developed to manage and reduce the current problems faced by the lecturers and students in a systematic and structured method. The system only can be functional after it is activated by the administrator or lecturer to identify and record students attendance. This can prevent the student or other people to access it. There are some functions provided including adding and editing student attendance information, calculating the percentage of student attendance and printing the student attendance sheet. 1

1.2 Problem Statement The current problem is the management of students attendance still done in a manual process. This poses difficulty for lecturers to take the student attendance, which they have to use valuable time to verify each student who has attended the class. Besides the lecturer verifying the attendance himself or herself, the other way is by passing around a sheet of student attendance to the students. This allows uncomfortable learning lessons to students. The student also faces the problem of signing their attendance on attendance sheet which sometimes they need to wait until the end of the lecture just to be able to sign. Moreover, the cheated signature situation frequently happens in which absent students ask their friend to help them to sign the attendance sheet. 1.3 Objective The purpose of this project is to develop a Fingerprint-based Attendance Management System (FAMAS). The project aims to: i. Provide a systematic and effective solution for administrator/lecturer to manage the students attendance record ii. To facilitate the management of student attendance information. iii. To eliminate the time consuming of manually sign-in attendance by applied biometric technology. iv. Provide accurate and immediate calculation percentage for student attendance status. v. Create a system that assist the administrator in printing the attendance report of each class. vi. Build a secure system, which allows safe access by applied biometric technology. 2

1.4 Scope The scope of this project will include automatic management of the check in of students attendance function. This system will be governed by the administrator or lecturer and thus covers only student study within UNIMAS. Their attendance will be automatically record each time they check in to the system by using the prepared hardware. The system will be maintained daily by the administrator or lecturer and they can add, modify and delete data on the database of the student. The valid lecturers under UNIMAS register their fingerprint identification to treat it as unique identification for login to the system. The main concern will be the functions of system that identifies the student, recording check in of each lecture he or she has attended. With this information, it will lead to the calculation of percentage of the student attendance status. 1.5 Expected Outcome The system automatically searches and records a particular student s attendance after finding the matched fingerprint, which was stored in a certain database. The database for the particular student will be recorded for each class he or she has attended. The administrators can view the student attendance information after the class. They can modify the attendance information through the login to administrator respective features. 3

1.6 Significant This project contributes to both administrator/lecturer and student. 1.6.1 Contribution to Administrator/Lecturer The administrator or lecturer can check the record and attendance trend of students. This can contribute to important decision such as determining students to sit for their final exam. The automatically calculation of percentage attendance is the important feature in this system. This can contribute to accuracy in the calculation process. Moreover, this application can improve the teaching lesson going smoothly. 1.6.2 Contribution to Student As mentioned before, students face a lot of difficulties to get the attendance sheet to sign their attendance. This project manages the student attendance as an alternative solution from the manual way of sign in attendance to computerized method. From that, students only need to sign their attendance by using fingerprint on prepared equipment. In the real situation, students usually help their friends to sign the attendance without attending the lecture. However, by applying the uniqueness of fingerprint technology in attendance management, it gives an advantage to validate and record the attended student. This feature has given better alternative for student and also for the lecturer if compared to the manually way of sign in attendance which is time consuming and involves uncomfortable learning process. 4

1.7 Outline of Project Report This chapter briefly describes the problem existing in the current system, the objective of the project, the scope of project and project contribution. Chapter 2 contains reviews of biometric technologies and existing system, which are implemented in order to manage the attendance. Chapter 3 explains about methodology used in the system. The methodology will be a guideline to continue the system development. Chapter 4 describes the system analysis. This chapter will be reviews the current system to identify the possible problems. Hence, propose a new system to assist and solve out the problem. Software and hardware specification are identified for FAMAS to produces the excellent performance. Chapter 5, system design explains the design issues. Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Entity Relationship Design (ERD), data normalization and database design are discussed for FAMAS. Chapter 6 describes the implementation of FAMAS while Chapter 7 reports the testing and evaluation of the FAMAS. Lastly, achievements and future enhancements for FAMAS are explained in Chapter 8. 5

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction In this chapter, there is consists of parts. First part, reviewing overall information concerned with the biometric topics. Besides, the existing biometric identification technologies have been review through its technology, advantages and disadvantages aspect. Moreover, it will be an important factor to choose the biometric identification for this project. Second part, reviews of the interface and functionality of the existing attendance management system was carried out to assist in designing the appropriate user interface for the system proposed. Part 1: Reviewing Biometric Technologies 2.2 Overview of Biometric The biometric is refer to identification and verification of a person based on physically or behavioral through a particular techniques. In more easier words to understand, biometric means a unique personal attributes that we have can used for identification a person in various purpose. The common biometrics based on physically or behavioral characteristic that a normal person have are: i. Face ii. Iris iii. Retina iv. Voice v. Handprint vi. Fingerprint 6

vii. Signature Basically, this method of identification a person is preferred over traditional methods. As rapid increasing used of computer in information technology areas, a secure restricting access to privacy or personal data must be obtained. The biometric technique can use in many application area in order to prevent unauthorized access to use the privacy data such as ATMs, smart card, computer networks, time & attendance system, desktop PCs and workstation. Nowadays, there are several types of system developed through biometrics technique for real-time identification. The face recognition and fingerprint matching are the most popular biometric technique used to develop the system followed by hand geometric, iris, retina, and speech. 2.3 Biometric Technologies 2.3.1 Introduction The biometric technologies can define as an automated system of recognizing a person based on the person's physical or behavioral characteristics. Nowadays, as an advanced of biometric technologies may be an option for identification application rather than uses physical card, documents, passwords or ID numbers. The basic processes inside the biometric technologies are capture and store the information at enrollment stage and than compare at a later verification stage. 2.3.2 Advantages of Biometrics Technologies The overview advantages using the biometric identification technologies are: 7

i. It provided a convenience to the user which they no need to remember identification or password. ii. When the verification has been swift and it does not require a staff to manage. iii. It provided greater security which biometrics will only link a person to an action. iv. The user s identity is stored safety and it is free. v. The users no need to verify identity via a central repository or server. 2.3.3 Biometric Identification Technologies The few common biometric identification technologies will be review in this section such as facial, iris/ retina, voice and fingerprint. 2.3.3.1 Facial Identification This biometric identification recognized a person s heat pattern around the eyes and cheeks to verify their identity. It may use several different techniques through this biometric technology including video and photo imaging. More advance it able to scan the dimension of an individual s head. There are two significant methods in order to identify an individual which is detection and recognition. The detection method captured an image human face by a video camera and taking that face. Next, software goes through the captured image for general facial structures and measures and determines the rest of the face. After create an image form a person face, it will be convert into binary mask. The binary mask is significant in recognition method which use to comparing the captured face that have been saved and stored in a database. 8

However, the accuracy of this biometric technology influence by lighting, age and hair of an individual s characteristics. 2.3.3.2 Iris/Retina Identification It was using the characteristic inside the live iris to recognize an individual identity. Although, approximately 260 of those are used or captured in a "live" iris identification application (IRIS and RETINAL Identification, 1997). Because of this unique characteristic, iris has more distinct identifiable feature compare to fingerprint. Basically, there are few common steps in iris identification. First, a person has to stand in front of the iris identification hardware for calculation their position. Second, the camera will automatic taking the iris image in white and black format that use to recognize an iris pattern called eyeprint. Finally the captured image is checked against previously stored in database. The time its take for an iris identification technology to identify our iris is approximately two seconds. The probability of mismatch situation occurs lowest of all known biometrics. 2.3.3.3 Hand Geometry Identification The basic principle of operation the use of hand geometric is to measure or record the physical geometric characteristic of an individual s hand. When using this biometric technology, three dimension image of the hand need to taken. The usage of this image is also like other biometric technologies which use to compare with the template image hand geometry stored in the database. An individual s characteristic hand such as length of fingers, widths and depth are use to measure. 9