Properties of the Hair & Scalp Workbook

Properties of the Hair & Scalp Workbook Hairstyling & Aesthetics Ms. Navas

How will knowing about the underlying properties of the hair and scalp help me to be a more successful cosmetologist? Men and women of all ages want healthy, attractive hair. As licensed cosmetology professional, you will be called upon to advise all your clients on the best care and treatment of their hair both inside and outside the professional establishment. In order to provide the best possible counsel to your clients, you must have a thorough understanding of the hair and how it can be damaged. Hair is composed of different layers which are responsible for specific hair qualities. It is essential for you to be able to analyze a client s hair, determine what type of damage the hair has experienced, and properly prescribe corrective treatments. None of these tasks will be possible without your knowledge of the various properties of the hair and scalp. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 2

I am Joe s hair We hairs come in various sizes and shapes; stiff and short in the eyebrows; long and soft on the head; downy and virtually invisible on most other body areas. There are approximately 100,000 of us on Joe s scalp, 30,000 in his beard. Each year Joe will produce 5 ½ inches of beard and about 5 inches of scalp. Buried about an eighth of an inch down in the dermis (that layer of skin beneath the epidermis) that contains the blood and nerves, I have a tiny follicle. The follicle is a simple minute (small) factory. An amazing and complex affair that operates 24 hours a day for up to six years and then shuts down for a rest and repairs. After a rest period, my follicle will crank up and start producing again. I usually drop out and am replaced by a new hair Joe loses some 100 of us scalp hairs a day. When Joes was a child, soft short lanugo hair covered most of his body. At puberty many of the follicles that had been producing lanugo hair changed and started producing the coarser terminal hair that Joe has today. Eventually many scalp follicles may degenerate and start producing vellus hair instead of terminal hair or they may shut down completely. That s ordinary baldness. When Joe plucks one of his scalp hairs, he may note a small club at the end. He s afraid the hair won t be replaced. It will. This club is simply the terminal end of a hair from a resting follicle which is about to be shed anyway. The essential for the production of hair follicles is protein. We hairs are made up almost entirely of protein. My outer layer (cuticle) has overlapping cells that look like shingles on a roof. This layer gives strength and protection. My middle layer contains fatter elongated cells which give bulk (cortex) and contains the coloring particles (melanin). I am quite elastic and under certain conditions can be stretched my length, and return to normal. Hair color depends on the shape, number and distribution of these granules, as well as the type of pigment present brown, black or yellow-red. Each follicle also has attached sebaceous glands to provide its hair with lubricating and waterproofing fat (called sebum). The keratin we hairs are made of is also found in the horns of a cow, feathers of a duck and hoofs of a goat or horse. My follicle is one of the more active ones. It produces about half an inch of hair a month. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 3

Our follicle produces hair that is straight, wavy or curly. In cross-section we might have one of three basic shapes. Round oval or flattened. Round is for straight hair; oval is for wavy hair; flattened is for curlier hair. Of course, there are degrees in between. The flatter we hairs are, the curlier we are; the rounder we are, the straighter we are. The shape of the follicle controls the shape of the hair! Joe is now 47 and noticing gray hairs (canities). This is because my pigment glands are slowing production and in time Joes will have white hair. Should someone decide to slip arsenic (poison) into Joe s tea, a chemist could examine his hair and know to within 48, when Joe was dosed. Our health is totally dependent on Joe s general health. A variety of diseases involving high fever can cause our follicles to shut down temporarily and Joe s hair to fall out. In an unusual case, (long term) sustained emotional states might cause an abnormal number of follicles to enter my resting stage and bring on temporary baldness. A lot of nonsense has been written about us. One common belief is that shaving thickens and coarsens hair NOT SO! Another belief is that baldness traces to poor circulation, too much sun, too little sun. It isn t any of these. Heredity plays a big roll. Had Joe s father been bald, Joe s chances for baldness would have been 50-50. Had both parents been bald, his chances would be much greater. We hairs have a wide array of diseases to cause us trouble. We get minute (tiny) tumour on our follicles which can destroy them. We are hit by fungus diseases (ringworm). Certain drugs cause us to fall out. As does excessive Vitamin!. Hair care??? We hairs tend to trap dust, bacteria and other debris. So shampooing frequently is a good idea....and THAT is all about Joe s hair. Thanks for listening! Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 4

Terminology Term Trichology Purpose of Hair Composition of the Hair Divisions of the Hair Hair Shapes Direction of Hair Growth Layers of the hair Definition Is the study of hair The chief purposes of hair are adornment and protection of the head from heat, cold and injury. Hair is composed chiefly of the protein keratin, which is found in all horny growths including the nails and skin. Full-grown human hair is divided into two principal parts: the root and the shaft. 1. The hair root is the portion of the hair structure located beneath the skin surface. 2. The hair shaft is the portion of the hair structure extending above the skin surface. Hair usually has one of three general shapes. As it grows out, hair assumes the shape, size and curve of the follicle. 1. Straight hair is usually round. 2. Wavy hair is usually oval. 3. Curly or kinky hair is usually flat. Hair flowing in the same direction is known as the hair stream. Hair that forms a circular pattern, as in the crown, is called a whorl. A tuff of hair standing up is known as a cowlick. The structure of the hair is composed of cells arranged in three layers. 1. Cuticle the outside horny layer is composed of transparent, overlapping, protective scale like cells, pointing away from the scalp toward the hair ends. The cuticle protects the inner layers of the hair. 2. Cortex the middle or inner layer, which gives strength and elasticity to the hair. This layer contains pigment, which gives the hair its color. 3. Medulla the innermost layer of the hair is referred to as the pith, or marrow, of the hair shaft and is composed of Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 5

round cells Hair Distribution Hair is distributed all over, the body, except on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, lips, and eyelids. There are three types of hair on the body. 1. Long hair Protects the scalp against the sun s rays and injury, gives a dormant to the head and forms a pleasing frame for the face. Soft long hair grows in the armpits of both sexes and on the faces of men. 2. Short or Bristly hair grows in the eyebrows and eyelashes, adds beauty and color to the face. Eyebrows divert sweat from the eyes. The eyelashes help protect the eyes from dust particles and light glare. 3. Lanugo this type of hair is fine, soft, downy hair on the cheeks, forehead and nearly all other areas of the body. It helps in the efficient evaporation of perspiration. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 6

The Hair Growth Cycle Everyone has approximately 100,000 hairs on their head. Normally, about 100 scalp hairs reach the end of the resting phase each day and fall out. New hairs grow at approximately the same rate that the old hairs shed. Eyebrows and eyelashes have a growing phase of 1 to 6 months. Scalp hairs have a growing phase of 2 to 6 years. Hair recycles itself every 2 to 6 years and is genetically programmed to grow and shed. Your hair follicle adheres to a genetically programmed schedule that includes growth, resting and hair shedding; then the regrowth of new hair. During its lifetime, a human hair goes through three stages: 1. Anagen - Growth Phase 2. Catagen - Transitional phase 3. Telogen - Resting Phase Each hair passes through the phases independent of the neighboring hairs. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 7

Anagen Phase - Growth Phase The Hair Growth Cycle Approximately 85% of all hairs are in the growing phase at any one time. The Anagen phase or growth phase can vary from two to six years. Hair grows approximately 10cm per year and any individual hair is unlikely to grow more than one meter long. Catagen Phase - Transitional Phase At the end of the Anagen phase the hairs enters into a Catagen phase which lasts about one or two weeks, during the Catagen phase the hair follicle shrinks to about 1/6 of the normal length. The lower part is destroyed and the dermal papilla breaks away to rest below. Telogen Phase - Resting Phase The resting phase follows the catagen phase and normally lasts about 5-6 weeks. During this time the hair does not grow but stays attached to the follicle while the dermal papilla stays in a resting phase below. Approximately 10-15 percent of all hairs are in this phase at an one time. At the end of the Telogen phase the hair follicle re-enters the Anagen phase. The dermal papilla and the base of the follicle join together again and a new hair begins to form. If the old hair has not already been shed the new hair pushes the old one out and the growth cycle starts all over again. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 8

Structure of Hair Hair is composed of strong structural protein called keratin. This is the same kind of protein that makes up the nails and the outer layer of skin. Each strand consists of 3 layers: 1. An innermost layer or medulla which is only present in large thick hairs. 2. The middle layer known as the cortex. The cortex provides strength and both the color and the texture of hair. 3. The outermost layer is known as the cuticle. The cuticle is thin and colorless and serves as a protector of the cortex. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 9

STRUCTURE OF THE HAIR Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 10

Structure of Hair Hair is composed of strong structural protein called keratin. This is the same kind of protein that makes up the nails and the outer layer of skin. Each strand consists of 3 layers: 1. An innermost layer or medulla which is only present in large thick hairs. 2. The middle layer known as the cortex. The cortex provides strength and both the color and the texture of hair. 3. The outermost layer is known as the cuticle. The cuticle is thin and colorless and serves as a protector of the cortex. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 11

Hair Follicle Structure Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 12

Properties of the Hair and Scalp The study of hair is called trichology, which comes from the Greek words trichos (hair) and ology (the study of). Structure of the hair Full grown hair is divided into two parts: 1. Hair Root: is the part located below the surface of the scalp 2. Hair Shaft: the portion that projects above the skin. Structures of the Hair Root: 1. Follicle: a tube-like depression or pocket in the scalp or skin that contains the hair root. 2. Hair Bulb: the lowest area or part of a hair strand. It is a thickened, clubshaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root. 3. Dermal Papilla: a small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb. 4. Arrector Pili Muscle: a minute, involuntary muscle fiber in the skin inserted in the base of the hair follicle. 5. Sebaceous Glands: Oil glands of the skin, connected to the hair follicle. They secrete an oily substance call sebum. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 13

Wave Patterns Refers to the movement of the hair strand and is described as straight, wavy, curly, or extremely curly. Straight Hair: Cross section of straight hair is usually round Wavy Hair: Cross section of wavy hair is usually oval Curly Hair: Cross section is almost flat. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 14

Hair Analysis 1. Hair Texture: the thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand. Hair texture can be classified as coarse, medium, or fine. Coarse hair has the largest diameter. 2. Hair Density: Measures the number of individual hair strands on one square inch (2.5cm). The average hair density is about 2,200 hairs per square inch. The average head has about 100,000 individual hair strands. 3. Hair Porosity: The ability of the hair to absorb moisture. Healthy hair with a compact layer is naturally resisitant. Porous hair has a raised cuticle layer that easily absorbs water. 4. Hair Elasticity: the ability of the hair to stretch and returns to its original length without breaking. Wet hair with normal elasticity will stretch up to 50% of its original length and return without breaking. Growth Patterns 1. Hair stream is hair flowing in the same direction. It is the result of the follicle sloping in the same direction. 2. Whorl is hair that forms in a circular pattern, as on the crown. 3. Cowlick is a tuft of hear that stands straight up. Usually more noticeable on the hairline. Hair Growth 1. Vellus or lanugo hair is long, soft hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females. short, fine and downy. Commonly found on infants. 2. Terminal Hair is the long, soft hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 15

The Growth Cycles of the Hair Hair growth occurs in cycles. Each complete cycle has three phases that are repeated over and over again throughout life. The three phases are anagen, catagen, and telogen. 1. Anagen is the growth phase, new hair is produced. The average growth of healthy hair is about ½ inch per month 2. Catagen phase is the brief transition period between the growth and resting phase of a hair follicle. It signals the end of the growth phase. 3. Telogen or resting phase is the final phase in the hair cycle and lasts until the fully grown hair is shed. About 10% of scalp hair is in the telogen phase at any one time. On average, the entire growth cycle repeats itself once every four to five years. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 16

You and Your Hair Are you completely happy with your hair? What woman/man is? Either you r hair is too straight, too curly, too long to be an ice-cool blonde or vice versa. In fact, in a perverse way we always want the opposite of what we have. Hairdressers and hair care manufacturers have kept pace with the demands of the modern woman, now virtually anyone with straight hair can go curly, and literally any colour under the sun is possible, from subtle chestnut to fuchsia pink. But before we get carried away raven-haired locks, let s take a look at your hair in its natural state and see what you can do to improve it. WORKING FROM THE INSIDE OUT Over the last few years a great deal has been written about the importance of a healthy diet and regular exercise. Indeed, hardly a month goes by without one of the popular woman s magazines bringing to our attention just how unfit we all are. These days it is impossible to avoid the fact that a balanced diet and exercise not only help you to maintain a healthy body internally, but also keep those outward signs of good health: clear skin, bright eyes, strong nails and glossy, bouncy hair, in tip top condition. Eyes, skin, nails and hair are perfect indicators of how well we are functioning. If you are feeling a little off colour, your skin begins to look pale and sallow; the eyes become dull and lose their sparkle; nails suddenly start to flake and your hair lacks lustre, becoming limp and lifeless. We have all looked in a mirror when we have felt under the weather and seen these signs for ourselves. Obviously this indicates that what goes on inside is soon reflected on the outside and logically, a poor diet which does not give the body all the nutrients it needs to function properly, will soon take its toll on our hair and skin. How can diet affect your skin? Once your hair appears above the surface of the scalp it is already dead, so it s beneath the skin that all the action takes Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 17

place. The indentation in the skin from which hair protrudes is called the hair follicle and at the base of the follicle is a minute nodule called the papilla. Very simply, the papilla is like a small factory producing and feeding the cells, which form our hair. So, even if you do accidentally pull out some of your hair by the roots, providing the papilla is still functioning the hair will grow again. For our small factory to work properly it needs an efficient blood supply, which in turn carries the basic requirements to ensure continued factory production-digested protein (amino-acids). Stop supplying the basic raw materials and like any factory, it will slowly stop producing and eventually grind to a halt. This does not mean that you have to live on a diet of pure protein for your hair s sake. In fact this would be extremely bad for you. Simply ensure that you have a healthy diet plenty of fresh fruit, lean meat, vegetables and salads. High-grade proteins such as fish, eggs, cheese, milk and meat are particularly beneficial, as they are rich in nitrogen and sulphur essential for healthy hair growth. Avoid too many sweets, chocolates, cakes and biscuits and beware of being too heavy-handed with animal fats. Drink plenty of water, at lease eight glasses a day to clear your system and remember to include some whole-wheat cereal, bread or bran in your diet to supply the necessary fibre content. If the thought of exercise makes you groan, then just think of the good it will do you. Working out to music can be fun. Pretend you are auditioning for a dance group such as Hot Gossip rather than doing repetitive, boring physical jerks and enjoy yourself. Remember as you leap around, that your oxygen intake increases, your pulse rate raises and you circulation is stimulated. An efficient circulation means that every part of your body is being well supplied with blood; this includes the blood vessels (capillaries), which supply the papilla with its raw material: digested protein. Now we come to a very important point; learn to relax. Tension and nervous strain not only makes you irritable, even ill at times, but also can also bring about disorders of the hair and scalp. I know it is not easy in this day and Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 18

age, but try to pace yourself, organise your day and count to ten when you feel the pressure building up. Incidentally exercise is a marvellous way of working off nervous energy and clearing the mind. Having dealt with the way you can help your hair from the inside, we can now concentrate on the part which is visible; the hair shaft. Every strand of hair consists of three basic layers. The outer layer is called the cuticle and plays an important part in how our hair looks and feels. This layer could be compared to the scales of a fish. It consists of a series of overlapping scales, which may be up to seven layers in thickness. The cuticle protects the second layer or cortex; here we find nearly all our natural colour pigment, melanin. It is this layer, which provides the hair with its strength, texture and elasticity. In fact, curly and all types of hairstyling depends on temporary alterations to the structure of the cortex. In the centre, which is the medulla; the function of the medulla is unknown and in some cases it is missing altogether. But don t worry whether you have a medulla or not because the hair does not seem to suffer without it. On average, we have 90,000 to 140,000 strands of hair on our heads. Naturally, blond people have slightly more than brunettes and the people with lower than average hair density are usually the re0-heads. Strongly, redheads often look as though they have thick hair because it tends to be a course texture, while blondes will have fine hair, which can look limp and thin. This brings us neatly to texture and density, two terms, which are often confused. Texture generally refers to the quality of one single strand and density to the amount of hair on your head. These two terms are very important to you when deciding on a new hairstyle. Fine hair tends to be soft and flyaway; if it is thin as well then styles usually work best, and a soft perm will add body giving the appearance of thicker hair. Fine, thick (dense) hair can be grown longer and works well when cut into short or long bob lines. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 19

If your hair is fine but naturally curly, then use the curl as much as possible. Curly styles are so attractive that it is a shame to spend time and money creating a sleek style. Medium-textured hair is very versatile, responding well to perming, setting and blow-drying. Virtually any style is suitable, depending on your physical characteristics. Coarse hair often looks thick and heavy think of redheads or oriental girls. Sharp, geometric cuts can look superb but if your hair is on the thin side, stick to reasonably short styles. Naturally curl, coarse hair is inclined to have a mind of its own and needs careful cutting to prevent it from looking bushy and unruly. By now you should have a good idea as to the quality and texture of your hair. Sit down in front of a mirror and try to be really objective. Do you have masses of hair or is it only wishful thinking? If a single strand of hair feels pure as silk then it is probably fine-textured. If, on the other hand, it feels more like a strand of cotton then it means you are blessed with coarse hair. Meduimtextured hair falls somewhere in between. Having assessed your hair you should try to accept it. Along with all its limitations. Learn to be happy with what nature has given you and work with it rather than against it. As mentioned earlier, hairdressers and manufacturers can work wonders combining good products and expert skills but it s your understanding of the basic raw material that makes all the difference. One interesting fact that proves just how individual we all are is the use of hair in crime detection. Some experts claim that a strand of hair from a suspect when subjected to certain tests can identify individual characteristics, including age, sex, blood group, illness and drug use. So when you hear the phrase, No two heads are alike, and you ll know that it really is true. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 20

After reading the article, answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper in sentences. 1. What is your hair colour and how much body or curl do you have? 2. What are the four signs of good health? 3. What are the four indicators that we are functioning well? 4. If you are not feeling well, what do the following look like? Skin, eyes, nails hair. 5. Where is the hair fed and produced? 6. What is in a healthy diet? 7. What does exercise do for your body? 8. What is the raw material that blood vessels supply? 9. What does tension and nervous strain do for you? 10. Name 3 things you do to help yourself relax. 11. Name the 3 layers of the hair and describe their function. 12. How many strands of hair are on our heads? 13. Name the hair colour that is most dense and least dense. 14. Define texture and density. 15. What kind of hair do you have? Describe its texture and density. 16. What are the five characteristics that can be determined with certain tests done on the hair? 17. Find a partner and write down their name. Analyse their hair and describe their texture and density. 18. Does your partner agree with you? Why/ why not? Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 21

Scalp Treatments 1. Why is a scalp massage so important? It increases blood flow to the scalp and hair follicles. It is important to circulate the blood to the hair follicles as it brings the necessary nourishment the hair requires. 2. What is a scalp treatment? Scalp treatment involves two parts: o Conditioner application to the hair and scalp o Scalp massage (Without these two actions the scalp treatment would be ineffective.) 3. How would a scalp treatment benefit the scalp and hair? It will maintain healthy strong hair Keep the scalp flexible Help maintain a healthy scalp, which will assist in resisting a variety of scalp disorders. Keep the oil glands stimulated (dry hair is sometimes the result of the oil glands not secreting enough oil) Relax the client by releasing tension 4. How often should a scalp treatment be done? o Normal hair and scalp-once a week on average o Normal to oily hair once every two weeks o Scalp disorders 2-3 times a week to once a month o Clients with scalp disorders should be referred to a physician. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 22

Steps for Scalp Manipulations 1. RELAXING MOVEMENT. Cup the client s chin in your left hand; place your right hand at the base of her skull, and rotate head gently. Reverse positions of your hands and repeat. 2. SLIDING MOVEMENT. Place your fingertips on each side of the client s head; slide your hands firmly upward, spreading the fingertips until they meet at the top of the head. Repeat four times. 3. SLIDING AND ROTATING MOVEMENT. Same as movement No. 2, except that after sliding the fingertips 1 (2.5cm), you can rotate and move the client s scalp. Repeat four times. 4. FOREHEAD MOVEMENT. Hold the back of the client s head with your left hand. Place stretched thumb and fingers of your right hand on the client s forehead. Move your hand slowly and firmly upward to 1 (2.5cm) past the hairline. Working from temple to temple, walk fingers back and repeat movement. Repeat four times. 5. SCALP MOVEMENT. Place the palms of your hands firmly against the client s scalp. Lift the scalp in a rotary movement, first with your hands placed above her ears, and second with your hands placed at the front and back of her head. 6. HAIRLINE MOVEMENT. Place the fingers of both hands at the client s forehead. Massage around her hairline by lifting and rotating. 7. FRONT SCALP MOVEMENT. Dropping back 1 (2.5cm), repeat preceding movement over entire front and top of the scalp. 8. BACK SCALP MOVEMENT. Place the fingers of each hand on the sides of the client s head. Starting below her ears, manipulate the scalp with your thumbs, working upward to the crown. Repeat four times. Repeat thumb manipulations, working toward the center back of the head. 9. EAR-TO-EAR MOVEMENT. Place your left hand on the client s forehead. Massage from the right ear to the left ear along the base of her skull with the heel of your hand, using a rotary movement. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 23

BRUSHING THE HAIR Correct brushing of the hair stimulates the blood circulation to the scalp. It helps remove dust, dirt, and hairspray build up from the hair; and gives it added shine. It is highly recommended that hairbrushes made from natural bristles are used. You should include a thorough hair-brushing as part of every shampoo and scalp treatment, regardless of whether your client s hair and scalp are dry or oily. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 24

Brushing of the Hair for Scalp Treatments Brushing the hair should be included before every scalp treatment except in the following case: Do not brush hair before giving a chemical service Do not brush if the scalp is irritated Never brush the scalp, from the roots out. Never use a comb to loosen scales from the scalp. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 25

Section hair for Scalp Treatment Brushing the hair for a scalp treatment, do the following: First, part it through the centre from front to nape. Next part a section about ½ inch off the centre parting to the crown. Hold this section of hair in your hand. Rotate the brush by turning the wrist slightly and sweep the bristles the full length of the hair shaft. Repeat 3 times. Then part the hair again ½ inch from the first parting. Continue until the entire head has been brushed. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 26

SCALP MASSAGE TREATMENT Date: Grade 1 2 3 4 Mark Set-up of Station Did not setup station. Some tools missing from set-up Complete setup of station. Station set-up with great detail. Analysis of Hair and Scalp Draping and Brushing Shampoo Manipulations Rinsing Sectioning Scalp Treatment Application Scalp Manipulations Plastic Cap and Heat Application. Clean up Procedure Did not analyze the hair & scalp Did not drape and brush. Did not demonstrate the correct manipulations Did not rinse the hair Did not section the hair. Did not apply the scalp treatment. Did no perform scalp manipulations Did not put on a plastic cap and heat. Did not clean up station. Did not fully analyze the hair & scalp Did not completely drape and brush. Demonstrated some of the manipulations Did not rinse the hair thoroughly Did not correctly section hair. Did not correctly apply the Treatment. Did not correctly perform scalp manipulations Did not put on a plastic cap or heat. Demonstrated some clean up procedures Completely analyzed the hair & scalp Correctly draped and brushed the hair. Demonstrated all of the correct manipulations Completely rinsed the hair. Correctly sectioned the hair. Correctly applied the scalp treatment. Correctly performed the scalp manipulations Put on a plastic cap and heat. Demonstrated proper clean up procedures Analyzed the hair & scalp in great detail Draped and brushed the hair in great detail. Demonstrated all the correct manipulations in great detail Completely rinsed in great detail. Sectioned the hair in great detail. Applied the treatment with great detail. Performed the scalp manipulations in great detail Put on a plastic cap and heat in great detail. Demonstrated proper clean up procedures with great detail. Adapted from Milady s Standard Cosmetology textbook and various unknown sources Page 27