Pest Management Plan 2011-2015

African Boxthorn Harrisia Cactus Mother of Millions Parthenium Water Lettuce Pest Management Plan 2011-2015 Dingo / Wild Dogs Feral Pig Fox Plague Pest - Locusts Plague Pest - Mice

INDEX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 3 ACRONYMS... 5 PART A STRATEGY PLAN... 6 1. Introduction... 7 1.1 Area Map Goondiwindi Regional Council... 8 Background... 9 1.2 Key Objectives... 9 1.3 Legislation... 9 1.4 Development, Implementation and Review of the Plan... 11 2. Declared Pests... 13 2.1 Legislation... 13 3. Stakeholders and Responsibilities... 14 3.1 Identification of Stakeholders... 14 3.2 Community Responsibilities... 14 3.3 Landholder Responsibilities... 14 3.4 Goondiwindi Regional Council s Responsibilities... 15 4. Declared Plants and Pest Animals... 16 4.1 Declared Pest Plants... 16 4.2 Declared Pest Animals... 17 5. Non-Declared Plants and Pest Animals... 18 5.1 Non-Declared Pest Plants... 18 5.2 Non-Declared Pest Animals... 18 6. Desired Outcomes... 19 6.1 Desired Outcome 1... 21 6.2 Desired Outcome 2... 22 6.3 Desired Outcome 3... 23 6.4 Desired Outcome 4... 25 6.5 Desired Outcome 5... 26 6.6 Desired Outcome 6... 28 PART B OPERATIONAL GUIDE... 29 1. Introduction... 29 2. Prioritisation Tool... 29 2.1 Schedule 1 Strategic Importance... 29 2.2 Schedule 2 Achievability... 30 2.3 Schedule 3 Priority Rating Matrix... 30 2.4 High Priority Pest Plants and Animals... 30 2.5 Medium Priority Pest Plants and Animals... 31 2.6 Low Priority Pest Plants and Animals... 31 3. Identification Tool Pest Plants... 33 4. Identification Tool Pest Animals... 67 Document Status: REVISED Page 2 of 85

Executive Summary The Goondiwindi Regional Council Pest Management Plan (GRC PMP) sets down objectives and strategies required to implement a planned approach to the role of pest management in the region. It is intended that the plan be used as a local government area plan for Landowners, Stakeholders and Council to achieve a unified approach to pest management. Through community involvement in its development, there is greater acceptance and understanding of the issue of pest management. Through this process, Local Government will take a strategic approach to the management of pests in the region rather than solely reacting to isolated incidents or incursions that arise within the community. The Plan identifies resources needed for the effective management of pests and outlines priorities so that resources are managed in the most effective and efficient way. In addition, strategies are outlined which will allow data to be captured and interrogated more effectively, thus also adding to efficiencies. The Plan also shows the resources used by Local Government to manage pest infestations and will result in the Local Government being open and accountable to the community in its activities. Acknowledgement Council acknowledges the contribution made by individuals and organisations towards the development and implementation of this plan:- Government Agencies and Land Management Organisations Provision of Knowledge and Practical Assistance. Provision of various grants and subsidies. Community Ownership of the Pest Management Plan. Assistance and co-operation in progressing best practice principles with regard to pest management.. Landholders Taking reasonable steps towards controlling declared plants and animals on land under their control. Councillors Review and Approval of the Pest Management Plan. Council Employees Identification and classification of key issues. Implementation of the Pest Management Plan. Document Status: REVISED Page 3 of 85

Identified Outcomes The Plan has identified a range of desired outcomes being:- 1. The Community is informed, knowledgeable and has ownership of pest plant and pest animal management. 2. All stakeholders are committed to, and undertake, coordinated management of pest plants and pest animals. 3. Reliable information is available as a basis for decision making. 4. Strategic directions are established, maintained and responsibility accepted by all stakeholders. 5. Prevention of the introduction, spread and establishment of pest plants and pest animals. 6. Integrated systems for managing the impacts of established pest plants and pest animals are developed and widely implemented. Council s Role within the Plan The role of Council within the Plan is to carry out identified tasks, promote, encourage and fund initiatives that are consistent with the Corporate Goal A vibrant, well planned and welcoming community with opportunity and lifestyle. Stakeholders Role within the Plan Stakeholders role within the Plan is to encourage community ownership of pest management throughout the region by contributing towards prevention and early intervention, community awareness, and knowledge of pest plants and animals. The GRCPMP is an informative reference for land managers and provides information to the wider community on Council s commitment to protecting the natural environment. Document Status: REVISED Page 4 of 85

Acronyms Abbreviation BQ BRC GRC GRCPMP GRC PMPWG DEEDI DERM NRM PMP PPMP QMDC QPWS RACQ SDRC TMR TRC WDRC WONS Title Bio-Security Queensland Balonne Regional Council Goondiwindi Regional Council Goondiwindi Regional Council Pest Management Plan Goondiwindi Regional Council Pest Management Plan Working Group Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation Department of Environment and Resource Management Natural Resource Management Pest Management Plan Property Pest Management Plan Queensland Murray Darling Committee Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service Royal Automobile Club of Queensland Southern Downs Regional Council Department of Transport and Main Roads Toowoomba Regional Council Western Downs Regional Council Weed of National Significance Document Status: REVISED Page 5 of 85

PART A STRATEGY PLAN Planning Framework Key Objectives Legislative Requirements Stakeholders and Responsibilities across Key Objectives Specific Action Plans:- 1. Annual 2. Specific Plants and Animals Document Status: REVISED Page 6 of 85

1. Introduction The Goondiwindi Regional Council (GRC) covers an area of approximately 19,294 square kilometres adjacent to the New South Wales border and includes a diverse range of agricultural land, rivers, creeks and state forests to the north and east. The area is recognised for its diverse agricultural productive capacity including the significant broad-acre and irrigated farming activities that occur across the region. Grazing and small crop production remains significant components of the local economy. It is therefore obvious that pest management is a primary concern with the potential for pest plants and pest animals to impact heavily on primary industries. Weeds can cause significant environmental harm through the reduction of suitable grazing and agricultural land as well as adding substantial costs to production and reducing native habitat. Feral animals can also cause significant environmental harm through destruction of crops as well as being a predator of both native animals, domestic livestock and pets. The Goondiwindi Regional Council Pest Management Plan (GRCPMP) sets out the strategic direction for Council s management of declared plants and animals within the Goondiwindi Region. This plan is effective for four years from 2011 to 2015 inclusive and is set in alignment with national, state and regional strategies, plans and best practice guidelines. This document also uses the principles of pest management as the framework which underpins the plan. The GRC PMP will provide the community and environment with the following benefits:- a) Identifying resources and achieving the stakeholder commitment necessary for the implementation of effective pest management. b) Community ownership and input will ensure a cooperative and coordinated approach to all stages in the Goondiwindi Region. c) Make GRC accountable and meet their responsibilities relating to pest management. d) Provide Council and other Government agencies at all levels with a working guide to pest management within the Shire. e) Increase effectiveness in meeting the community s needs. f) Provide links to the following strategic documents:- i.) Goondiwindi Regional Council Corporate Plan ii.) Goondiwindi Regional Council Operational Plan Document Status: REVISED Page 7 of 85

1.1 Area Map Goondiwindi Regional Council Local Government Area: Population: Roads: Towns: 19,294 square kilometres 11,188 people (approx.) Unsealed: 6,218 square kilometres (approx.) Sealed: 5,338 square kilometres (approx.) The three larger towns of Goondiwindi, Inglewood and Texas are the primary hubs for a number of diverse communities scattered throughout the region, while Yelarbon, Toobeah, Bungunya and Talwood also play important roles in the social and economic lives of our rural residents Regional and Urban maps for Goondiwindi Regional Council s local government area are available on Council s website http://www.goondiwindirc.qld.gov.au/web/guest/townroad-maps, in accordance with s.96 of the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002. Document Status: REVISED Page 8 of 85

Background 1.2 Key Objectives The overarching objective is to provide the community with a Pest Management Plan (PMP) which sets out strategic guidelines for landholders and stakeholders to ensure that the impacts of pest plants and pest animals are reduced. In addition this plan will set out clear achievable objectives, actions and targets. 1.3 Legislation The Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002 sets out requirements for Local Government to develop mandatory PMPs. The Act provides that PMP s may include provision for the following:- a) achievable objectives under the plan; b) strategies, activities and responsibilities for achieving the objectives; c) strategies to inform the local community about the content of the plan and achievement of its objectives; d) monitoring implementation of the plan and evaluating its effectiveness; e) compliance and enforcement of Class 2 Declared Pest Plants and Animals; and f) other matters the local government considers appropriate for management of declared pests in its area. In addition, the PMP must be consistent with the following:- a) principles of pest management; b) State and National pest management strategies; c) guidelines for pest management. The plan has been developed to align with the relevant Commonwealth and State policies, as show in Table 1 below, and with other planning activity at the regional catchment, local and property levels. Other legislation, statutory provisions and plans which may impact the Goondiwindi Regional Council s pest management planning process are shown in Table 2 below. Document Status: REVISED Page 9 of 85

Table 1 SCOPE Level of Planning Natural Resource Management Biosecurity Management Pest Management Pest Species National National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia s Biodiversity National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality National Biosecurity Committee National Weeds Strategy Managing Vertebrate Pests Principles and Strategies National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals www.nra.gov.au National Strategies for Weeds of National Significance (WONS) National Pest Animals Species Abatement Plans National Management Strategy for Carp Control State State Natural Resource Management Plans Queensland Biosecurity Strategy Queensland Weeds Strategy 2002-2006 Queensland Pest Animal Strategy 2002-2006 Control of exotic Pest Fish Strategy Queensland Strategies for wild dogs, locusts, mice, rabbits and parthenium Queensland WONS Strategies State Agency Pest Management Plans Regional and Catchment Regional Natural Resource Management Plans Regional Biosecurity Strategy SEQ Environmental Weeds Strategy Regional Pest Management Plans for: - Department of Transport and Main Roads - Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service Local Government Goondiwindi Regional Council documents: Planning Scheme Conservation Strategy Local Area Planning Public Facilities and Reserve Management Planning Community Development Planning Open Space and Recreational Plans Goondiwindi Regional Council Pest Management Plan Adjacent Local Government Pest Management Plans: - Balonne Regional Council - Western Downs Regional Council - Toowoomba Regional Council - Southern Downs Regional Council Locally declared weeds Property Property Resource Management Plans Property Biosecurity Plans. Property Pest Management Plans All class 1,2 and 3 weeds. Sub-Catchment Plans Document Status: REVISED Page 10 of 85

Table 2 Other Legislation and Related Plans Vegetation Management Act 1999 Nature Conservation Act 1992 Water Act 2000 Environmental Protection Act 1994 Wild Rivers Act 2005 Transport Infrastructure Act 1994 and Land Title Act 1994 Animal Care an Protection Act 2001 Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Queensland) Act 1994 Impacts e.g. permits for clearing native vegetation for weed control. e.g. protection of dingoes in conservation areas. e.g. impact of pest management activities in water courses. e.g. possible contaminants arising from pest management. e.g. permits for clearing native vegetation to control weeds. e.g. managing road reserves beyond identified state-controlled roads. e.g. providing seized pest animals with appropriate food, water and shelter. e.g. using pest management chemicals appropriately. Regional Statutory Plans e.g. South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031. Other plans as appropriate including state agency pest management plans, regional vegetation management plans, regional pest management plans, natural resource management (NRM plan), stock route network plans and local government corporate plans 1.4 Development, Implementation and Review In accordance with legislation, Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002, Council consolidated into one document, the pest management plans of the former amalgamated Councils of Inglewood, Waggamba and Goondiwindi, to guide declared pest weed and animal management within the regional area for the period 2011-2015. The process of developing the Pest Management Plan provided opportunity for the local community and other stakeholders to have input into the strategic directions and priority pest programs for the next four years. Stakeholder and community consultation on the plan included establishment of a working group of representatives from pest management stakeholder groups (refer list below) and a public consultation process conducted in accordance with the Act. Ergon Energy Essential Energy Queensland Rail Agforce Department of Transport & Main Roads Department of Employment, Economic Development & Innovation Sunwater Queensland Parks & Wildlife Services Waggamba Document Status: REVISED Page 11 of 85

Inglewood / Texas QMDC Moree Plains Shire Council Southern Downs Regional Council Toowoomba Regional Council Western Downs Regional Council Balonne Shire Council The draft plan was submitted to the Minister for Primary Industries, Fisheries and Rural and Regional Queensland on 16 September 2011. The Minister endorsed the plan on [insert date] and recommended it for adoption by Council. In accordance with s.30(2) and s.32 of the Act, Council has adopted the plan for implementation. The plan is available for public inspection, in either written or electronic format, from Council s Customer Service Centres, Libraries or the website www.grc.qld.gov.au. The Pest Management Plan will remain current until 30 June 2015. Annual action plans will be prepared each financial year to detail key actions, activities and programs relating to natural resource management. These action plans are used to monitor, review and evaluate the effectiveness of the Pest Management Plan annually, as required under s.33(2) of the Act. Any amendment to the existing Pest Management Plan will require its re-submission to the Minister for approval (s.34) and the old plan will be replaced upon adoption of a new plan. Document Status: REVISED Page 12 of 85

2. Declared Pests 2.1 Legislation Declaration of pests under the Act imposes legal responsibilities for the control of pest plants and pest animals. Under Section 77 of the Act, all landholders, Local Government and State Government agencies are required to take reasonable steps to keep their land free of Class 1 and Class 2 pests, unless the owner holds a declared pest permit allowing pests to be kept on the land. Declared pests are defined as pest plants or pest animals which can cause or have the potential to cause adverse economic, environmental or social impacts to the community and the environment. Declared pests are classified according to the severity of their impact or potential impact and are described by Biosecurity Queensland and Weeds Australia as follows:- Category Class 1 A Class 1 Pest is one that has the potential to become a very serious pest in Queensland in the future. We need to prevent the import, possession and sale of these species so they can t escape to become pests. All landholders are required by-law to keep their land free of Class 1 pests. It is a serious offence to introduce, keep or sell Class 1 pests without a permit. They are not generally well established in Queensland and have the potential to cause adverse economic, environmental or social impacts. Class 2 For example: Mexican feather grass A Class 2 Pest is one that already has spread over substantial areas of Queensland, but its impact is so serious that we need to try and control it and avoid further spread onto properties that are still free of the pest. By law, all landholders must try to keep their land free of Class 2 pests and it is an offence to keep or sell these pests without a permit. Are generally established in Queensland and can cause significant adverse economic, environmental or social impacts (including in another State) Class 3 For example: Feral pigs and Parthenium A Class 3 Pest is one that is commonly established in parts of Queensland but its control by landowners is not deemed to be warranted unless the plant is impacting, or has the potential to impact on a nearby environmental significant area (e.g. a national park). It is an offence to sell, introduce or release a Class 3 pest. Already established in Queensland and has or could have an adverse economic, environmental or social impacts (including in another State). Locally Declared Non- Declared For example: Athel pine and Lantana Under the Local Law provisions of the Local Government Act 2009, a local government can declare any plants not declared under the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route) Act 2002 and enforce their control. Identified as posing a local threat but yet to be locally declared. Document Status: REVISED Page 13 of 85

3. Stakeholders and Responsibilities 3.1 Identification of Stakeholders A number of groups, government agencies and individuals manage land within the Goondiwindi Regional Council area and, as such have responsibilities with regard to controlling pest animals and plants on their land. The following list identifies some of those stakeholders along with other bodies with a special interest in pest management within the Council area. Ergon Energy Country Energy Queensland Rail Agforce Grower/Producer Groups Department of Transport and Main Roads Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation Sunwater Mining and Resource Companies Queensland Parks and Wildlife Services Other stakeholders Waggamba Inglewood and Texas QMDC 3.2 Community Responsibilities Ensuring ownership of pest management throughout the region by contributing towards the awareness, knowledge, prevention and early intervention of pest animals and plants. 3.3 Landholder Responsibilities All landholders are responsible for taking reasonable steps towards controlling declared plants and animals on land under their control. Document Status: REVISED Page 14 of 85

3.4 Goondiwindi Regional Council s Responsibilities a) To facilitate a GRC PMP Working Group (GRC PMP WG). b) Through this working group facilitate the review and development of the Region s new PMP in accordance with Chapter 2, Part 4 of the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002. c) Undertake a regular annual review of the plan at least three months prior to the end of each financial year to ensure its effectiveness in accordance with the Act. d) Ensuring that declared plants and animals are controlled within its local Government area and on lands under its control, utilising the resources available and using compliance and enforcement for Class 2 Pest Plants & Animals, in accordance with the Act and as relevant to the situation. e) Preventing the introduction into and spread within its area of declared plants and animals and enforcing relevant provisions of the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002. Document Status: REVISED Page 15 of 85

4. Declared Plants and Pest Animals 4.1 Declared Pest Plants Table 1 lists known declared pest plants in the Goondiwindi Regional Council area. Table 1 Declared Pest Plants Pest Plant Classification Honey Locust (Gleditsia spp.) 1 Mexican Feather Grass (Nassella tenuissima) 1 African Boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) 2 Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) 2 Harrisia Cactus (Ericerous martinii) 2 Mother-of-Millions (Bryophyllum delagoense syn. B tubiflorum) 2 Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeate) 2 Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) 2 Tiger Pear (O. aurantiaca) 2 Velvety Tree Pear (O. tomentose) 2 Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) 2 Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) 2 Athel Pine (Tamarix aphylla) 3 Balloon Vine (Cardiospermum grandiflorum) 3 Blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans & Rubus fruticosus agg.) 3 Broad-leaved Pepper Tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) 3 Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) 3 Cat s Claw Creeper (Macfadyena unguis-cati) 3 Chinese Celtis (Celtis sinensis) 3 Lantanas (Lantana camara & L. montevidensis) 3 Privets (Ligustrum lucidum & L. sinense) 3 Willows (Salix humboldtiana syn. S. chilensis & Salix matsudana) 3 Document Status: REVISED Page 16 of 85

4.2 Declared Pest Animals Table 2 lists known declared pest animals in the Goondiwindi Regional Council area. Table 2 - Declared Pest Animals Pest Animal Classification Chital Deer (Axis axis) 2 Dingo/Wild Dog (Canis familiaris) 2 Feral Cat (Felis catus) 2 Feral Pig (Sus scrofa) 2 Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) 2 Plague Pest Locusts (Austracris guttolosa and Locusta migratoria) 2 Plague Pest Mice (Mus domesticus) 2 Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 2 Feral Goat (Capra hircus) 2 Rusa Deer (Cervus timorensis) 2 Fallow Deer (Dama dama) 3 Red Deer (Cervus, elaphus) 3 Document Status: REVISED Page 17 of 85

5. Non-Declared Plants and Pest Animals 5.1 Non-Declared Pest Plants Table 1 lists non-declared pest plants identified as posing a potential threat within the Goondiwindi Regional Council area. Table 1 - Non-Declared Pest Plants Pest Plant African Lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) Bathurst Burr (Xanthium spinosum) Green Cestrum (Cestrum parqui) Lippia / Condamine Couch/Curse (Phyla canescens) Mimosa Bush (Acacia farnesiana) Noogoora Burr (Xanthium pungens) Paterson s Curse (Echium plantagineum) Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) Classification Non-declared Non-declared Non-declared Non-declared Non-declared Non-declared Non-declared Non-declared 5.2 Non-Declared Pest Animals Table 1 lists non-declared pest animals identified as posing a potential threat within the Goondiwindi Regional Council area. Table 1 - Non-Declared Pest Animals Pest Plant Cane Toad (Bufo marinus) European Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Indian Myna (Acridotheres tristis) Classification Non-declared Non-declared Non-declared Document Status: REVISED Page 18 of 85

6. Desired Outcomes There are six desired outcomes that will be targeted in the PMP over the four year period. These are:- a) Stakeholders are informed, knowledgeable, and have ownership of pest plant and pest animal management. b) All stakeholders are committed to and undertake coordinated management of pest plants and pest animals. c) Reliable information is available as a basis for decision making. d) Strategic directions are established, maintained and owned by all stakeholders. e) Prevention of Introduction, spread and establishment of pest plants and pest animals. f) Integrated systems for managing the impacts of established pest plants and pest animals are developed and widely implemented. Strategic actions designed to progress these key outcomes are provided in this section. In formulating, implementing and reviewing these actions some key achieving principles are important:- 1. Where possible co-ordination of planning and control activities will be pursued across the council area with an emphasis on collaboration rather than isolated actions. 2. Sub-catchment planning processes are recognised as a key element to achieving sustainable natural resource management. 3. Long term effective pest management requires collaboration across council boundaries such that regional planning and control is to be pursued at every opportunity. Document Status: REVISED Page 19 of 85

Calendar of Control JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JLY AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Common Name Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) X X X X X Dingo/Wild Dog (Canis familiaris) X X X X Feral pig (Sus scrofa) X X X X X X X X X X X X Harrisia cactus (Ericerous martinii) X X X X X X X X X X X X Mother-of-millions (Bryophyllum delagoense syn. B tubiflorum) Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) X X X X X X X X X Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeate) X X X X X X X X X X X X African boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) X X X X X Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) X X X X X X X X X X Document Status: REVISED Page 20 of 85

6.1 Desired Outcome 1 The Community is informed, knowledgeable and has ownership of pest plant and pest animal management. Principles: Public Awareness and knowledge of pests must be raised to increase the capacity and willingness of individuals to manage pests. Issues: Awareness Availability of Information Education and Training (A) (AI) (ET) Issue Strategic Action Responsible Indicator Timeframe A,ET Build relationships with and QMDC to coordinate GRC with Number of awareness activities organised for awareness-raising activities. (e.g. assistance both weeds and pest animals agricultural shows, presentations and field days for schools and stakeholders, media and newsletter from and QMDC articles) A Investigate the effectiveness of and possible funding GRC to coordinate Number of pest awareness signs erected for the erection of pest awareness signs at critical with locations assistance from QMDC and to source funds. A Assist with early management, alerting the public to GRC Public alerted As needed any Class 1 pest incursion or other new pests A,ET Facilitate Weed Buster Week / Weed Warriors, QMDC At least one activity annually Annually A Promote the Council Pest Management Plan GRC,, QMDC, Stakeholders ET Rural Services staff to complete accredited training:- 1. Nationally accredited competency-based training in weed and vertebrate pest management. 2. Workplace health and safety inductions. 3. Training in ground operation controls for pesticide application in accordance with the Agricultural Chemicals Distribution Control Act 1966 (Qld). 4. Queensland Department of Health approved training in the use of sodium fluoroacetate (1080). AI Maintain a full time NRM Officer to provide GRC information on pests to landholders, agencies and relevant stakeholders. AI Maintain access points for the community to obtain pest information (eg. Council offices, libraries, tourist centres, stakeholder offices.) Media coverage of plan. Links to plan on several websites. By December 2011 GRC All appropriate staff trained As available with relevant officers to be competent within 2 GRC, QMDC,, Stakeholders Full time permanent NRM officer maintained and operational staff appropriately resourced. Access points maintained years of commencing employment. Document Status: REVISED Page 21 of 85

6.2 Desired Outcome 2 All stakeholders are committed to and undertake coordinated management of weeds and pest animals. Principles: Commitment - effective pest management requires a long term commitment to pest management by the community, industry groups, and government entities. Consultation and Partnership Consultation and partnership arrangements between local communities, industry groups, state government agencies, and local governments must be established to achieve a collaborative approach to pest management. Issues: Long Term Commitment Compliance and Enforcement (C) (CE) Issue Strategic Action Responsible Indicator Timeframe C Establish, through consultation, roles and GRC to coordinate Overall success of pest management responsibilities for each stakeholder, including contributions to annual action programs. C Include resource allocations in annual action plans subject to the timing of Council budget deliberations. C Include resource allocations from other stakeholders in annual action plan CE C With stakeholders attempt to develop and implement a compliance program (incentives, warnings, revocation and suspension of rights) aimed primarily at the collection of data and selfregulation. Ensure the GRCPMP is integrated into relevant sections of Councils Corporate Plan C, CE Incentives to encourage landholders to assist Council in pest management issues GRC Allocations made in annual action plans Annually GRC and contributing stakeholders GRC with input of QMDC and DEEDI GRC GRC Allocations made in annual action plans Annually / Program introduced and utilised June 2012 Commitment to PMP is incorporated and pest management issues remain part of Councils core business 1. Utilisation of GRC Quick spray unit. 2. Utilisation of 1080 baiting scheme. 3. Development of herbicide subsidy scheme. Document Status: REVISED Page 22 of 85

6.3 Desired Outcome 3 Reliable information is available as a basis for decision making. Principles: Improvement research about pests, and regular monitoring and evaluation of pest control activities, are necessary to improve pest management practices. Issues: Data Collection and Assessment Pest Biology and Pest Impacts Community Attitudes (DCA) (PB) (CA) Issue Strategic Action Responsible Indicator Timeframe DCA, CA Set up a system for reporting new pest plants and pest animals:- (a) Produce and circulate a standard form on which staff and landholders can report information on pests (eg. species, area, density, numbers etc.). (b) Encourage Council staff, contractors, stakeholders and others to use the pest reporting form. (c) Encourage community groups, landcare, birdwatchers, etc, to report pests using the reporting forms. GRC, QMDC Reporting form developed. Form available on Stakeholders websites. January 2012 DCA DCA, CA DCA DCA, PB Maintain a database of all Regional Property Pest Management Plans and their review timeframes. Encourage data sharing between adjoining Local Governments, NRM bodies and state agencies to encourage proactive and collaborative approaches to pest management. GRC to contribute pest data to state-wide mapping of all declared species Record on Geographical Information System all high priority pest species within the GRC Region and produce maps. Develop appropriate post treatment monitoring and evaluation techniques assess effectiveness of current management programs and strategies. Relevant officers to attend appropriate training and information days to provide them with skills to consider pest behaviour, impacts and control costs. Database of Property Pest Management Plans and their review timetables established and upgraded. All Data sharing and cooperative proactive approaches established. GRC GRC, through subcatchment debriefs All stakeholders GPS co-ordinates imported into the GIS program and maps developed of all high priority weeds per year. Survey/monitoring system developed that provides relevant information about the success of treatments conducted. Feedback sought from landholders at sub-catchment group meetings (what, when, where, how much, what has worked, what hasn t). Number of field days attended. Established by January 2012; maintained ongoing As necessary Continued over page Document Status: REVISED Page 23 of 85

Issue Strategic Action Responsible Indicator Timeframe DCA Contribute information to DEEDI for the GRC Submission of information to requests. When requested quantification of state-wide pest impacts on economic activities, natural ecosystems, and human and animal health. DCA Record and Map information of 1080 use from DEEDI Map distribution. At least annually returns submitted by registered operators and distribute to stakeholders DCA, PB Support the efforts of QMDC in co-ordinating pest control sites by encouraging participation by adjoining landowners GRC Number of strategic landholders encouraged. As required Document Status: REVISED Page 24 of 85

6.4 Desired Outcome 4 Strategic directions are established, maintained and responsibility accepted by all stakeholders. Principles: Planning pest management planning must be consistent at local, regional, state, and national levels to ensure resources target priorities for pest management identified at each level. Integration Pest management is an integral part of managing natural resources and agricultural systems. Issues: Planning Strategy Management and Coordination Resources Holistic Management (P) (SMC) (R) (HM) Issue Strategic Action Responsible Indicator Timeframe SMC,P Implement the PMP actions for priority listed pest GRC Number of actions completed half yearly and plant and pest animal management annually P GRCPMP reviewed on an annual basis GRC, Plan reviewed and amended as required. Annually GRCPMPWG R Promote hire of (non-profit maintenance costs only) pest control equipment to landholders to initiate control programmes GRC, QMDC, Number of landholders utilising the pest control equipment to achieve the action items set down in individual PPMP s R P R R, SMC HM HM, SMC R HM Seek in-kind and financial sponsorship from industry, government and the community for community awareness and employment programs Allocate sufficient qualified staff to undertake Property Pest Management Planning with landholders Adequate funding made available to implement all strategies and action items addressed throughout the Pest Management Plan particularly for high priority pest species Investigate all potential funding sources to fund pest management Maintain partnerships and collaborative strategies with neighbouring Councils to identify and target emerging infestations of pests. Liaise with all Government Departments to address Pest Management Plans on their respective land parcels. Complete a review of the equity in the annual precept levied by the State. Re-visit concept of joint pest management plans with neighbouring councils. GRC, Stakeholders, DEEDI, QMDC, QMDC GRC, Stakeholders GRC, QMDC, DEEDI, BRC, GRC, SDRC, WDRC, TRC, Rural Lands Protection Boards GRC, QMDC, Number of government, industry and community groups approached Sufficient staff available to implement the Property Pest Management Planning concept within allocated budget Sufficient budget funding to implement priority strategies and actions. Funding sources investigated and applications drafted Number of partnerships and collaborative strategies developed and maintained. Acceptable Pest Management Plans adopted for all Government land in the region QMDC Review of precept system complete and report to member Councils submitted. December 2011 GRC, QMDC Concept discussed December 2012 Document Status: REVISED Page 25 of 85

6.5 Desired Outcome 5 Prevention of the introduction, spread and establishment of pest plants and pest animals. Principles: Prevention preventative pest management is achieved by:- i.) ii.) preventing the spread of pests, and viable parts of pests, especially by human activity; and early detection and intervention to control pests. Issues: Prevention (P) Early Detection and Eradication (EDE) Containment (C) Issue Strategic Action Responsible Indicator Timeframe EDE, P Identify and monitor areas where soil/sand GRC High priority areas are identified and June 2012 extraction and quarrying enterprise are monitored.(quarries, gravel pits, dumps). undertaken to ensure limited weed seed spread. EDE, EDE Ensure inspections and controls of priority pests on all Council controlled land are undertaken on a timely basis. Oversee an inspection and control program for all State controlled land. P Provide technical advice to landholders including verbal and provision of Pest Fact Sheets. EDE Develop and implement action plans for the eradication of pest plants in Prevention and Introduction and Early Detection and Eradication (Class 1) categories if found within the GRC Region. P, EDE Initiate a regular monitoring and inspection program of nurseries, markets and pet shops for sale of pest fish, plants and animals. P EDE, P, C Educate stakeholders in best practice of purchase and feeding of fodder (especially fodder from external areas). Participate in rapid action teams, where appropriate. GRC DEEDI GRC, QMDC,, DEEDI GRC DEEDI, BQ, GRC GRC, QMDC, BQ All complaints and enquiries reported to be actioned within GRC timeframes. Number of management plans endorsed for all State owned land parcels and associated control practices undertaken. Number of landholders Pest Facts sheets provided to. Action plans developed and implemented as necessary. Conduct 6-monthly inspections on all plant nurseries and pet shops within the region and consult with neighbouring Councils to ensure a regional approach. Number of landholders utilising Weed Hygiene Declaration Provision of Declaration documents to local importers. As needed As required Continued over page Document Status: REVISED Page 26 of 85

Issue Strategic Action Responsible Indicator Timeframe P, C Promote machinery hygiene standards including: (a) encourage use of weed hygiene declarations as a quality assurance measure; (b) encourage all contractors (including earthmoving, heavy machinery, slashers, etc) throughout the region to be diligent with wash down of machinery and vehicles; (c) include weed seed spread induction requirement in Tender / Council Tender process. P, EDE Lobby for a state-wide generic advertising campaign for pest prevention targeting the travelling public eg road signs, ads on RACQ maps etc P, C Continue to lobby relevant stakeholders to build, maintain, and promote wash-down facilities in strategic locations (not necessarily in our region). EDE, C Continue to offer trapping and baiting services to landholders to manage pest animals inside barrier fences. Encourage QPWS to carry out baiting in forests that provide refuge to pests. GRC, Measures taken to promote machinery hygiene standards, Annual public awareness campaign, Clause included in all Council tender documents to prevent weed seed spread, Council to provide annual education session to Council Works Foreman. Annually Number of training sessions provided to Council staff. TMR Lobbying activities undertaken GRC, DEEDI Lobbying activities undertaken GRC Baiting undertaken in QPWS estates Trapping undertaken by Council trapper P, C Continue to maintain existing wild dog check fence until an appropriate review of its future is completed, and seek alternative sources of funding for capital replacement. EDE To help demonstrate that prevention strategies have worked and that an area is free from new pest introductions, include an annual pest survey program GRC Keep the fence dog proof All Areas is free from new pest introductions Document Status: REVISED Page 27 of 85

6.6 Desired Outcome 6 Integrated systems for managing the impacts of established pest plants and pest animals are developed and widely implemented. Principles: Best Practice Pest management must be based on ecologically and socially responsible pest management practices that protect the environment and the productive capacity of natural resources. Improvement Research about pests, and regular monitoring and evaluation of pest control activities, are necessary to improve pest management practices. Commitment Effective pest management requires a long-term commitment to pest management by the community, industry groups, and government entities. Issues: Adoption of Management (AMT) Population and Impact Management (PIM) Environmentally Significant Management (ESM) Development of Management Practices (DMP) Incentives (I) Issue Strategic Action Responsible Indicator Timeframe AMT, Distribute best practice publications to, All new PPMP are supplied with best practice DMP stakeholders GRC publications AMT, DMP AMT, DMP Assist landholders with PPMP development and compliance Encourage use of best practice principles to effectively manage pest population on private land, Council owned and other government land ESM Identify and prioritise Environmentally Significant Areas for pest management ESM Establish strategic pest management plans on prioritised ESA I Continue to promote Pest Management Incentives AMT, DMP DMP, AMT Consider appropriate pest management practices in carrying out other functions of local government including road construction and maintenance, stock route and waste management. Adopt ongoing philosophy to continually identify inadequacies in existing pest management practices and areas where future research should be aimed., QMDC, QMDC, GRC, DEEDI QPWS, DEEDI, GRC QPWS GRC, QMDC GRC Provision of technical advice, subsidised herbicide to landholders with PPMP s, provision of quick spray unit, advice regarding statutory obligations Number of PPMP s approved and using best practice principles. Number of promotions conducted relating to best practice principles. ESA s identified and management strategies developed on a case by case basis as required Pest Management Plans developed for ESA s where impacts are identified/reported Allocated budget for herbicide subsidy is expended within financial year, number of occasions quick spray unit is utilised by landholders Allocated budget for incentives program for wild dog / dingo scalps PMP practices incorporated in Council s other activities December 2012 December 2012 GRC, DEEDI Updated pest management practices Document Status: REVISED Page 28 of 85

PART B OPERATIONAL GUIDE 1. Introduction This operational guide is designed to be used by Stakeholders and the Community alike as a separate document when out in the field, undertaking control strategies or surveying for any priority pest plants or animals. Photographs accompany each priority species to help landholders identify pest plants or animals they may not be familiar with. 2. Prioritisation Tool The GRC PMP strategy towards prioritising known pests in the Goondiwindi regional area initially involved the establishment of a rating system that simplified the process yet ensured a detailed understanding for all stakeholders. The GRC PMP identified three (3) major areas that covered the scope of pest management in the Goondiwindi regional area:- i.) Environmental ii.) Grazing iii.) Agricultural A detailed assessment of each pest species within each management area was then carried out; giving consideration towards Declaration Status, WONS, control achievability, economic impact, environmental impact and dispersal potential within the Region. 2.1 Schedule 1 Strategic Importance Schedule of Strategic Importance - based upon pest biology, ecology and distribution for declared plants and pests in the Goondiwindi Regional Council. Rating Classification 1 Very Critical 2 Critical 3 Moderate Threat 4 Low Threat Document Status: REVISED Page 29 of 85

2.2 Schedule 2 Achievability Schedule of Achievability (outcome) ratings - based upon operational, technical, administrative, financial, legislative and social factors, for declared plants and pests in the Goondiwindi Regional Council. Rating A B C D Classification can be ERADICATED from the region completely can be REDUCED in distribution and density can be CONTAINED to specified areas can be MONITORED 2.3 Schedule 3 Priority Rating Matrix The Priority Rating Matrix - based upon achievability and strategic importance for each pest plant and animal in the Goondiwindi Region. Strategic Importance Achievability 1 2 3 4 A High High High Medium B High High Low Low C High High Low Low D High High Medium Low 2.4 High Priority Pest Plants and Animals Common Name Pest Plants:- Scientific Name Pest Plant / Animal Species Priority Rating African Boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) High Harrisia Cactus (Ericerous martini) High Honey Locust (Gleditsia spp) High Mexican Feather Grass (Nassella tenuissima) High Mother - of - Millions (Bryophyllum delagoense and B. aigremontianum x B. delagoense; Syn.Bryophyllum High tubiflorum and B. daigremontianum x B. tubiflorum) Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeate) High Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) High Tiger Pear (O.aurantiaca) High Continued over page Document Status: REVISED Page 30 of 85

Common Name Scientific Name Pest Plant / Animal Species Priority Rating Velvety Tree Pear (O.tomentose) High Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) High Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) High Pest Animals:- Dingo/Wild Dog (Canis familiaris) High Feral pig (Sus scrofa) High 2.5 Medium Priority Pest Plants and Animals Common Name Pest Plants:- Scientific Name Pest Plant / Animal Species Priority Rating Athel Pine (Tamarix aphylla) Medium Pest Animals:- Plague Pest Mice (Mus domesticus) Medium 2.6 Low Priority Pest Plants and Animals Common Name Pest Plants:- Pest Plant / Animal Species Scientific Name Priority Rating African Lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) Low Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Low Balloon Vine (Cardiospermum grandiflorum) Low Bathurst Burr (Xanthium spinosum) Low Blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans & Rubus fruiticosus agg) Low Broad-leaved Pepper Tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) Low Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) Low Cat s Claw Creeper (Macfadyena unguis-cati) Low Continued over page Document Status: REVISED Page 31 of 85

Chinese Celtis (Celtis sinensis) Low Green Cestrum (Cestrum parqui) Low Lantana (Lantana camara & L. montevidensis) Low Lippia / Condamine Couch/Curse (Phyla canescens) Low Mimosa Bush (Acacia farnesiana) Low Noogoora Burr (Xanthium pungens) Low Paterson s Curse (Echium plantagineum) Low Privets (Ligustrum lucidum & L. sinense) Low Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) Low Willows (Salix humboldtiana syn. S. chilensis & Salix matsudana) Low Pest Animals:- Cane Toad (Bufo marinus) Low Chital Deer (Axis axis) Low European Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Low Fallow Deer (Dama dama) Low Feral Cats (Felis catus) Low Feral Goat (Capra hircus) Low Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) Low Indian Myna (Acridotheres tristis) Low Locusts (Austracris guttolosa and Locusta migratoria) Low Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) low Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Low Rusa Deer (Cervus timorensis) Low Document Status: REVISED Page 32 of 85

3. Identification Tool PEST PLANTS 3.1 Matrix Rating System Declared Pest Plants Pest Plant Strategic Importance Achievability PRIORITY RATING - HIGH African Boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) 2 B Harrisia Cactus (Ericerous martinii) 2 C Honey Locust (Gleditsia spp.) 1 A Mexican Feather Grass (Nassella tenuissima) 1 C Mother-of-Millions (Bryophyllum delagoense syn. B tubiflorum) 2 C Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeate) 1 A Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) 1 A Tiger Pear (O. aurantiaca) 2 D Velvety Tree Pear (O. tomentose) 2 C Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) 1 A Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) 1 A PRIORITY RATING - MEDIUM Athel Pine (Tamarix aphylla) 3 D PRIORITY RATING - LOW African Lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) 4 C Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) 3 C Balloon Vine (Cardiospermum grandiflorum) 4 D Blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans & Rubus fruticosus agg.) 3 C Broad-leaved Pepper Tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) 3 B Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) 3 C Cat s Claw Creeper (Macfadyena unguis-cati) 3 C Chinese Celtis (Celtis sinensis) 3 C Document Status: REVISED Page 33 of 85

Lantana (Lantana camara & L. montevidensis) 3 C Privets (Ligustrum lucidum & L. sinense) 3 C Willows (Salix humboldtiana syn. S. chilensis & Salix matsudana) 3 C 3.2 Matrix Rating System Non- Declared Pest Plants Pest Plant Strategic Importance Achievability PRIORITY RATING - LOW Bathurst Burr (Xanthium spinosum) 4 C Green Cestrum (Cestrum parqui) 4 C Lippia / Condamine Couch/Curse (Phyla canescens) 4 D Mimosa Bush (Acacia farnesiana) 4 C Noogoora Burr (Xanthium pungens) 4 C Paterson s Curse (Echium plantagineum) 4 C Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) 4 C Document Status: REVISED Page 34 of 85

WEED SPECIES: African Boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: High of the Pest Weed PRIORITY RATING: HIGH African boxthorn is a perennial shrub up to 5 m in height with a deep and extensive branched root system. The main branches are drooped, widely spreading and carry numerous branchlets, each of which ends in a spine. The main stem has spines to 15 cm while the branchlets carry smaller spines. Branchlets carry small shoots which have clusters of leaves, surrounded at the base by many small, light-brown scales. Initially stems are smooth and light brown but become grey and rough as they mature. Leaves are bright green and rather succulent, 3 cm long and 2 cm wide, rounded at the top and tapering to the base. White to pale mauve flowers about 12 mm in diameter hang from short stalks. They occur singly or in pairs in the forks of the leaves. Smooth green berries ripen to a bright orange to red colour and contain numerous light-brown, oval, flattened seeds. African boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum is a Class 2 declared plant under Queensland legislation. It is the responsibility of landholders to control African Boxthorn weed on their land. Local Distribution African boxthorn can be an aggressive invader of pastures, roadsides and reserves. It forms impenetrable, sharp-spined thickets, which can cause problems along fence lines and inhibit the movement of stock. Dense infestations will consequently reduce the useability of pasture land, hinder mustering and can provide a haven for rabbits. Many insects breed in the fruit of African boxthorn including fruit fly, dried fruit beetles and tomato fly. The taproot can produce new growth when broken, making it difficult to kill by pulling out. Even when killed it can still be a problem to stock and tyres, as it will remain spiky for up to 20 years if not burnt. Enforced control and management is necessary to protect the interests of landholders. Well adapted to most soil types across the region, most prevalent on fertile soils within 25 kilometres of both Goondiwindi and Inglewood. Containment within known infestations. Eradication of isolated populations. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Maintain map of Regional Boxthorn infestation detailing high, medium and low density and scale. QMDC. landowners control infestations at their own properties Continue a control program for African Boxthorn on roadsides and reserves. landholders Decrease in density of infestation GRC Decrease in density of boxthorn infestation. Provide landholders with advice and control options for private land. GRC, DEEDI, One media release per annum. Fact sheet available. Investigate future funding options for ongoing treatment and maintenance on private properties. GRC Apply as opportunities arise. Mechanical removal of large thickets followed by chemical treatment of regrowth appears to be the most effective means of control. For more information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 35 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Harrisia Cactus (Moonlight cactus) - Harrisia martinii and Harrisia tortuosus DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: High of the Pest Weed Harrisia cactus is a perennial. The spiny fleshy stems are jointed and form tangled mats about half a metre high. Many branches often lay flat and take root where they touch the ground. Each section is ribbed lengthwise with six ribs; each rib has low, thick, triangular humps at regular intervals. These humps have cushions of grey felty hairs, three to five short spines lying flat and one to three erect, stiff, and very sharp spines 2.5 3 cm long. The large flowers open at night. Flowers are pink, funnel shaped with a tinge of white. These grow singly near the ends of the stems on a scaly but spineless slender grey/green tube 12 15 cm long. Round red fruits 4 5 cm across have scattered bumps with hairs and spines. Numerous small black seeds are embedded in the white, juicy pulp of the fruit which splits open when ripe. Harrisia cactus roots are of two types. Shallow feeding roots up to 3 cm thick and 30 cm 2 m long grow mostly horizontally off a crown, up to 15 cm below ground level. Swollen tuberous storage roots descend to a depth of 15 60 cm. Harrisia cactus (Harrisia spp. syn. Eriocereus spp.) is a Class 1 declared plant under Queensland legislation. H. martinii, H. tortuosa and H. pomanensis syn. Cereus pomanensis are Class 2 declared plants. It is the responsibility of landholders to control harrisia cactus on their land. Local Distribution Harrisia cactus can form dense infestations that will reduce pastures to a level unsuitable for stock. Harrisia cactus will choke out other pasture species when left unchecked. The spines are a problem for stock management, interfering with mustering and stock movement. Harrisia cactus produces large quantities of seed that is highly viable and easily spread by birds and other animals. As well as reproducing from seed, Harrisia Cactus has long trailing branches that bend and take root wherever they touch the ground. Any broken off portions of the plant will take root and grow. Control of this plant is difficult as Harrisia Cactus has a deep underground tuberous root system. Enforced control and management is necessary to protect the interests of landholders. Widespread distribution across the region. Generally on poorer grazing country. Harrisia cactus is mainly a pest of Brigalow and associated softwood country. However, infestations are now appearing in box and ironbark stands and also in pine forests. Containment within known infestations and eradication of isolated populations. Eradicate outlying areas with a view to establishing a containment line east of Yelarbon and west of Goodar Road. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Map areas of Mealy Bug. GRC, DEEDI Areas of mealy Bug mapped. landowners control infestations at their own properties Encourage chemical control of infestations in accordance with the control goal. Continue to spread the Mealy bug where appropriate. landholders Decrease in density of infestation, GRC, QMDC Chemical control of infestations. GRC, DEEDI Review annually. Document Status: REVISED Page 36 of 85

Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. GRC, QMDC, DEEDI RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. Investigate future funding options for ongoing treatment and maintenance on private properties. Maintain control on roads and reserves in areas previously treated. Investigate funding options for initial treatment of heavily infested areas not previously treated. GRC, QMDC Apply as opportunities arise. GRC, TMR Review Annually. GRC, QMDC Review Annually. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Pursue registration of alternative chemical control options that are effective. Number of field days attended. DEEDI More registered chemical control options. Plants may be dug out completely and burnt. Biological control agents have been released with mixed results in this area. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Registered Herbicide. Document Status: REVISED Page 37 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) DECLARED CLASS: 1 PRIORITY STATUS: High of the Pest Weed Honey locust is a deciduous, leguminous tree growing to 20 m tall. From spring to autumn it bears prolific green leaves (10 cm long), with about twelve opposite paired leaflets per leaf. In October- November it bears creamy, yellow hanging flower stalks (10 cm long) that develop into 20 30 cm long brown pods. Some varieties have separate male and female plants, while other varieties are bisexual. The plant seeds prolifically every 1 2 years and the pods are relished by stock. The trunk and limbs of wild trees bear very large crucifix like spines that can grow more than 50 mm. In the past, nurseries have sold grafted ornamental, thornless varieties of honey locust. There are many ornamental varieties of honey locust, including Rubylace, Sunburst, Moraine, Shademaster and Inermis. These so-called thornless varieties produce thorns at a later date or throw thorny progeny. This means that these varieties are subject to the same controls as the wild type (i.e. must be destroyed and cannot be sold anywhere in Queensland). Local Distribution Honey locust is a large rapidly growing tree. In the past it has been deliberately promoted and planted in Australia as a fodder tree and garden ornamental. Although beneficial in the short-term as stock feed, the long-term consequences of its growth and spread are counter-productive. Honey locust tree is considered a serious pest due to its invasiveness and environmental, economic and social impacts. Reported infestations within area of the region. Near Silver Spur and in gardens. Early detection, eradication. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Respond to reports of possible outbreaks on private and public land and co-ordinate treatment as required. GRC As required Number of responses within 48 hours. Carry out follow up inspections of all known and previous outbreaks and coordinate treatment as required. GRC, WO as required, usually following rain events. Minimum 3 times per annum. Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. Conduct training sessions with outside Council staff, LANDCARE Officers and other stakeholders on the identification. DEEDI, GRC and other stakeholders Every year Percentage of staff and contractors involved in training. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http:// www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 38 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Mexican Feather Grass (Nassells tenuissima) DECLARED CLASS: 1 PRIORITY STATUS: High of the Pest Weed Mexican feather grass is a densely tufted perennial tussock grass growing to about 70 cm high and is similar to serrated tussock. Seed heads are 15 25 cm long and the lower glume is 9 10 mm long. Leaves are thread-like, 0.25 0.5 mm in diameter and about 60 cm long. Stems are up to 70 cm high. Mexican feather grass is closely related to several other exotic grasses, including serrated tussock (N. trichotoma) and Chilean needle grass (N. neesiana), both of which are Weeds of National Significance. Serrated tussock costs New South Wales agriculture more than $40 million annually and is causing severe environmental damage to native grasslands. Local Distribution Mexican feather grass is a potentially serious new weed to Australia. The species is closely related to serrated tussock, widely regarded as the worst pasture weed in Australia, and has the potential to occupy a far greater range of territory. Mexican feather grass could spread Southern Queensland, and has the potential to cause major economic and environmental damage. Although no naturalised populations are known to exist the species has recently been offered for sale by a number of nurseries. Reported infestations within area of the region. Early detection, eradication. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Conduct training sessions with outside Council staff, Officers and other stakeholders on the identification. DEEDI, GRC and other stakeholders Every year Percentage of staff and contractors involved in training. Undertake inspection of local nurseries and inform operators of threat. BQ Annually Inspection undertaken. Report known infestation as soon as possible. All stakeholders particularly landholders As discovered Infestations reported. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 39 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Mother-of-Millions Bryophyllum delagoense (syn. B. tubiflorum, Kalanchoe delagoensis), Bryophyllum houghtonii (syn. B. daigremontianum B. delagoense, Kalanchoe houghtonii) DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: High of the Pest Weed Local Distribution Mother-of-millions are erect, smooth, fleshy succulent plants growing to one (1) metre or more in height. All species form tall flower spikes in winter with clusters of bell-shaped flowers. Each species has a distinctive leaf shape, but all produce small plantlets along the edges of the leaves. These plantlets drop readily, develop roots and establish quickly to form a new colony. Bryophyllum delagoense syn. B. tubiflorum and Kalanchoe delagoensis (common mother-of-millions, mission bells, Christmas bells) has grey-brown, fleshy, tubular-like leaves with up to seven projections at the tip of each leaf. The flowers are orange-red and occur in a cluster at the top of a single stem. Seeds can germinate for some years. Bryophyllum houghtonii syn. B. daigremontianum B. delagoense, Kalanchoe houghtonii (hybrid or crossbred mother-of-millions) has similar flowers arranged in a branched cluster at the top of the stem. Its leaves are boat shaped with thick stalks and notches along the edges of the leaves. Mother of Millions is a Class 2 declared plant under Queensland legislation. It is the responsibility of landholders to control Mother of Millions weed on their land. These popular garden plants have escaped and spread in various areas of Queensland. They have become a problem in pasture lands and scrub regions. The plants establish well in leaf litter or other debris on shallow soils in shady woodlands, and often grow on roadsides, along fence lines and around old rubbish dumps. They can spread from these areas, especially in flood, and establish if pastures are run down. They are adapted to dry conditions and can survive long periods of drought. These plants, especially their flowers, are poisonous to stock and occasionally cause a significant number of cattle deaths. As the name suggests, one plant can reproduce a new general from masses of embryoids (plantlets) that are formed on the leaf edges. This makes these plants hard to eradicate. Enforced control and management is necessary to protect the interests of landholders. Widespread distribution across the region with the worst affected areas around Yelarbon. Containment within known infestations. Eradication in smaller isolated areas. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Continue and update mapping of infestations showing GRC, GRC updates DEEDI six scale and density. DEEDI monthly & hard copy as required landowners control infestations at their own properties landholders Decrease in density of infestation Provide information to landholders regarding control options through the distribution of pest facts, advice and newspaper articles. Respond to landholder/catchment group activities to treat Mother of Millions with Council targeting isolated infestations in sub catchment areas. Support and encourage continued development of a successful biological control agent. Lobby for continued funding of the Alan Fletcher Research Station program. Investigate future funding options for ongoing treatment and maintenance on private properties. DEEDI, GRC,, LH, GRC, DEEDI As required One media release per annum. Number of activities undertaken and area treated. Biological control found Further funding for research GRC Apply as opportunities arise Council advocates where possible for the burning of mother-of-millions infestations to remove associated debris and encourage competitive pasture growth. Follow up spot spraying is then likely to be required. For more information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 40 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeate) DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: High of the Pest Weed Size and appearance A hairless shrub or small tree that rarely grows any more than 10 m high, Parkinsonia has slender green photosynthetic zigzag branches armed with sharp spines. Leaves Its leaves have a short, spine-tipped stalk, with leaf branches 20 40 cm long, flattened with small, oblong leaflets along each edge. Flowers Parkinsonia flowers are yellow, fragrant, five petalled, each on a long, slender drooping stalk. Seeds are oval and hard, about 15 mm long, and borne in pencillike pods 5 10 cm long, constricted between the seeds. Lifecycle Parkinsonia is fast growing and may flower in early summer of its second or third year of growth. Once established, flowering can occur opportunistically to exploit variable seasonal conditions. Pods mature in late summer, float on water and hence are readily dispersed by flood waters. Seeds have a thick and extremely hard coat and so remain viable for many years to allow germination under favourable conditions. Seeds require wet soil conditions for several days to induce germination. Parkinsonia forms dense, often impenetrable, thorny thickets along watercourses and bore drains. This plant restricts stock access to drinking water and makes mustering virtually impossible. Parkinsonia provides a harbour for feral pigs, which predate on livestock, damage crops, and seriously degrade the environment. Flooded country is particularly susceptible to invasion from floating seeds. Local Distribution Beside the Barwon Hwy near SouthCallandoon. Early detection, eradication. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended Respond to reports of possible outbreaks on private and public land and co-ordinate treatment as required. GRC As required Number of responses within 48 hours Carry out follow up inspections of all known and previous outbreaks and coordinate treatment as required. GRC, WO as required, usually following rain events. Minimum 3 times per annum Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC Updates six monthly & hard copy as required For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 41 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: High of the Pest Weed Parthenium weed is an annual herb with a deep tap root and an erect stem that becomes woody with age. As it matures, the plant develops many branches in its top half and may eventually reach a height of two metres. Its leaves are pale green, deeply lobed and covered with fine soft hairs. Small creamy white flowers occur on the tips of the numerous stems. Each flower contains four to five black seeds that are wedge-shaped, two millimetres long with two thin, white scales. Parthenium weed normally germinates in spring and early summer, produces flowers and seed throughout its life and dies around late autumn. However, with suitable conditions (rain, available moisture, mild temperatures), parthenium weed can grow and produce flowers at any time of the year. In summer, plants can flower and set seed within four weeks of germination, particularly if stressed. Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) is a Class 2 declared plant under Queensland legislation. It is the responsibility of landholders to control parthenium weed on their land. Parthenium weed is a vigorous species that colonizes weak pastures with sparse ground cover. It will readily colonize disturbed, bare areas along roadsides and heavily stocked areas around yards and watering points. Parthenium weed can also colonize brigalow, gidgee and softwood scrub soils. Its presence reduces the reliability of improved pasture establishment and reduces pasture production potential. Parthenium costs the beef industry a total of $16.5 million per year and cropping industries several million dollars per year. Parthenium weed is also a health problem as contact with the plant or the pollen can cause serious allergic reactions such as dermatitis and hay fever. Local Distribution Enforced control and management is necessary to protect the interests of landholders. Reported infestations in northern and western area of the region. Early detection and eradication. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. landowners control infestations at their own properties Respond to reports of possible outbreaks of Parthenium on private and public land and co-ordinate treatment as required. landholders Decrease in density of infestation GRC As required Number of responses within 48 hours. Carry out follow up inspections of all known and previous outbreaks and coordinate treatment as required. GRC as required, usually following rain events. Minimum 3 times per annum. Document Status: REVISED Page 42 of 85

Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC GRC updates DEEDI six monthly & hard copy as required. Conduct training sessions with outside Council staff, LANDCARE Officers and other stakeholders on the identification of Parthenium within Regional Area. DEEDI, GRC and other stakeholders Every year Percentage of staff and contractors involved in training. Distribute posters and information to strategic locations. GRC, DEEDI, QMDC Distribute at the beginning of summer each year. Undertake community consultation as to ongoing funding of treatment on private lands with a view to increasing landholder participation and developing a new council policy. Investigate future funding options for ongoing treatment and maintenance on private properties. GRC and Landholders and QMDC Annual Community meetings New policy introduced. Apply as opportunities arise. Report known infestation as soon as possible and participate in control. All stakeholders particularly landholders As discovered Amount of new infestations found. Participate in control activities so as to meet obligations pursuant to the act. All stakeholders particularly landholders As discovered Parthenium controlled according to the act.. Council will respond to reported infestations within 48 hours including infestations on private land. At present, Council will undertake the treatment at no cost to the landholder to ensure that this highly invasive weed does not get a foothold in the area. Council will discuss an appropriate contribution from the landholder on a case by case basis. The best method of control is to ensure that pastures are well managed with high levels of growth and ground cover. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 43 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Tiger Pear (Opuntra.aurantiaca) DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: High of the Pest Weed This succulent low shrub with underground tubers usually grows 30 60 cm high. The stems are divided into very spiny, slightly flattened pads that are 1 30 cm long and 1 5 cm wide. The stems are dark green to purple and red in colour. The areoles have 3 7 brown barbed spines up to 4 cm long surrounded by tufts of short, fine bristles. The pads detach easily and are transported on the skins of animals. Small and scale-like leaves are found on areoles of immature pads. Tiger pear produces 6 cm wide yellow flowers. The rarely formed fruits are pearshaped and about 2.5 cm long. When ripe, they are red with purple markings. Local Distribution Dense tiger pear forms an impenetrable spiny groundcover. Widespread distribution on grazing country and alongside road reserves. Containment within known infestations. Eradication of isolated populations. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Control on public land during other weed control activities, if appropriate. landowners control infestations at their own properties GRC Treat in conjunction with Harrisia cactus Change in density of infestations. landholders Decrease in density of infestation Monitor region for future outbreaks and map known infestations. GRC, QMDC, Map s produced. Provide control advice for landholder enquiry s. Investigate future funding options for ongoing treatment and maintenance on private properties. GRC, DEEDI, QMDC One media release and one display per annum. GRC, QMDC Apply as opportunities arise. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC Updates six monthly & hard copy as required. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 44 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Velvety Tree Pear (Opuntia tomentose) DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: High of the Pest Weed Tree pear is a tree-like plant which forms a central woody trunk over 40 cm wide and grows up to 8 m high. The stems are divided into oblong pads that are dull green and velvety to touch due to the dense covering of short fine hairs. The pads are 15 35 cm long, 8 12 cm wide and 1.5 2 cm thick. Young plants have 2 4 white or pale yellow spines located in the areoles with one spine reaching a length of 2.5 cm. The areoles usually become spineless as the plant matures. A more spiny variety does exist and has more than 50 spines in each areole on the trunk. The flowers are a deep orange. The fruit is eggshaped, about 5 cm long and 3 cm wide and dull red. The top of the fruit is saucer-shaped with circular lines that meet in the centre and give the fruit a shrivelled appearance. The fruit produces many seeds within a reddish pulp. Velvety tree pear is found predominantly throughout the brigalow belt of Queensland and is still extending its range. It is occasionally found as dense shrubs, but more usually as small clumps of trees or as trees scattered over the landscape. Tree pear (Opuntia tomentosa) is a Class 2 declared plant under Queensland legislation. It is the responsibility of landholders to control Tree Pear on their land. Local Distribution Tree pears are drought resistant because of their succulent nature, their lack of leaves and their thick, tough skins. These features result in plants that use the majority of their internal tissues for water storage and their outer parts to reduce water loss and damage by grazing and browsing animals. They can remain vigorous in hot, dry conditions that cause most other plants to lose vigour or even die. Tree pear spreads by bird-dispersed seed or vegetatively by segments which root where they contact the ground. Enforced control and management is necessary to protect the interests of landholders. Widespread distribution on grazing country and alongside road reserves. Containment within known infestations. Roadside spraying. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Control on public land during other weed control activities, if appropriate. GRC Treat in conjunction with Harrisia cactus Change in density of infestations. landowners control infestations at their own properties landholders Decrease in density of infestation Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. Provide control advice for landholder enquiry s. GRC, DEEDI, QMDC One media release and one display per annum. Investigate future funding options for ongoing treatment and maintenance on private properties. GRC, QMDC Apply as opportunities arise. Because of the rapid nature in which the weed spreads, it is important that the source of the infestation is identified and treated in any management program. Council officers apply an all over spray of AMITROL T 25:1 with CHEMWET 200ml:100 litres applied when plant is actively growing. For more information and the latest treatment techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 45 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: High of the Pest Weed Water hyacinth is a floating waterweed with a fibrous root system and dark green rounded leaves up to 5 cm in diameter. The leaf stalks are swollen into spongy, bulbous structures. Flowers are light purple with a darker blue/purple and yellow centre. They are carried in dense spikes projecting above the plant. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a Class 2 declared plant under Queensland legislation. It is the responsibility of landholders to control Water hyacinth weed in the waterways under their control. Local Distribution Originally introduced to Australia as an aquatic ornamental plant, water hyacinth has become a major pest of rivers and dams. Not only does it destroy native habitats, but it also seriously depletes water bodies of oxygen, increases water loss and provides a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Rampant growth of water hyacinth can destroy native wetlands and waterways, killing native fish and other wildlife. Water hyacinth can form dense mats that spread out across water surfaces eventually choking the entire water body. Propagation can be so rapid that an infestation may double in size every week under ideal conditions. Water hyacinth can spread rapidly through the waterways of catchments. It is particularly important that infestations are prevented from entering the Murray-Darling system where an infestation could easily spread into three southern states. Floodwater can deposit water hyacinth in dams, lagoons and in calm water areas of rivers and creeks. Attempts to physically remove plants should be made before they flower and set seed. Water hyacinth seeds are extremely long-lived, new plants may spring up long after older plants have been removed. Enforced control and management is necessary to protect the interests of landholders. Scattered isolated populations in Billa Billa and Yelarbon areas. Early detection and eradication. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Control on public and private land when identified. GRC As required Successful treatment of outbreaks. Provide identification information to landholders. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. GRC As requested Informed landholders. Number of field days attended. Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. GRC, QMDC, DEEDI RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. Provide control advice for landholder enquiries. GRC, DEEDI As requested Well advised landholders. Because of the rapid nature in which the weed spreads, it is important that the source of the infestation is identified and treated in any management program. For more information and the latest treatment techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 46 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: High of the Pest Weed Water Lettuce, as the name suggests, resembles a small, floating, open head of lettuce. The aquatic perennial is spongy and consists of a floating rosette of pale green, fan-shaped leaves covered with hairs. These hairs trap air and give the plant its buoyancy. It has a tuft of unbranched, fibrous roots up to 80 cm long. Mature plants produce a large number of small, green, inconspicuous flowers in their centre. A membrane separates the male and female flowers. The fruit is a berry 5 8 cm across with oblong seeds about 2 mm long, tapered at each end. New infestations may become established when plants are brought into new areas by flooding. Surveillance and physical removal at such times may prevent infestation. Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) is a Class 2 declared plant under Queensland legislation. It is the responsibility of landholders to control Water Lettuce weed in the waterways under their control. Water lettuce is a free-floating aquatic weed that rapidly forms dense mats covering rivers, dams and irrigation canals. It can restrict water flow, increase water loss by transpiration and serve as a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Water lettuce spreads both by vegetative reproduction and by seeds. Much of the Murray Darling catchment is currently free of this weed and all efforts should be made to control known infestations and prevent further introduction. In all other areas of Queensland, an integrated control strategy should be adopted to reduce infestations. Enforced control and management is necessary to protect the interests of landholders. Local Distribution Scattered isolated populations predominately in Crooked Creek north of Goondiwindi and in the Dumaresq / Macintyre river system. Early detection and eradication. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Control on public and private land when identified. GRC, DEEDI As required Successful treatment of outbreaks. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Investigate future funding options for ongoing treatment and maintenance on private properties. GRC, QMDC and Landholders Apply as opportunities arise. Monitor region for future infestations including monitoring of known infestations that have been treated. GRC & DEEDI, Sub-catchment Groups, Landholders Amount of new infestations found. Provide control advice for landholder enquiries. GRC & DEEDI As requested Well advised landholders. Because of the rapid nature in which the weed spreads, it is important that the source of the infestation is identified and treated in any management program. For more information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 47 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Athel Pine (Tamarix aphylla) DECLARED CLASS: 3 PRIORITY STATUS: Medium PRIORITY RATING: MEDIUM of the Pest Weed Athel pine is a spreading tree growing up to 15 m. It has pendulous, jointed branches and strong woody roots deep in the soil. Immature trees have light grey trunks and stems and mature trees have a thick, rough, dark-grey to black bark, grey-brown stems and can be up to 1 m in diameter. These trees have dull green leaves resemble pine tree needles with a small pinkish-white flower without stalks. The flowers grow on 30-40 mm long spikes. Athel pine also has a bell-shaped fruit with a hairy tuft. The fruit contains numerous small cylindrical seeds with tufts of fine hairs to assist dispersal. Local Distribution Athol pine affects pastoral industry by forming dense stands along inland rivers. It consumes water more quickly than native plants, thereby reducing the number and quality of waterholes. River flow patterns can also change caused by overland flooding and bank erosion. Athol pine concentrates and excretes salt, causing the ground beneath it to become salty, excluding saltsensitive plants. This plant also reduces cultural and aesthetic value of affected land. Scattered around the region. Mainly around homesteads, main entrances to properties and in towns. Council are currently not controlling. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended landowners control infestations at their own properties landholders Decrease in density of infestation For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 48 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: African Lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) DECLARED CLASS: Non-Declared PRIORITY STATUS: Low PRIORITY RATING: LOW Extremely competitive with other pasture species. Unpalatable to stock as grass ages. May contain low (3%) levels of protein causing stock that graze on it to do poorly. Forms dense monocultures up to 1.2 m high, creating large fuel loads and posing a fire hazard. Competes with native species regeneration after fire. Local Distribution Located on roadsides throughout the council area. Council are currently not controlling. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. DEEDI, GRC, QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. landowners control infestations at their own properties landholders Decrease in density of infestation Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. DEEDI, GRC, Number of field days attended. Provide control advice for landholder enquiries. GRC As requested Better advised Landholders. Those seeking further information should contact your local Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) or visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 49 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Annual Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Annual ragweed is an erect plant, 1 2 m high with slightly rough, fern-like leaves. The leaves are deeply divided with hairy undersides. Flowers are not conspicuous. They are small, greenish and in spikes up to 20 cm long in the upper part of the plant. Flower spikes appear yellow when mature because of pollen production. Male flowers are at the top of the spike and females at the base. Seeds are black, small, top-shaped and rough. As the name suggests the plant establishes each year, normally germinating from spring through to summer. Germination can occur at other times of the year if conditions are suitable. Flowering usually occurs from mid to late March, after which plants die. Late-germinating plants may survive over winter until the following autumn. Local Distribution Annual ragweed invades overgrazed pastures, reducing productivity. Infestations can become particularly dense in pastures which are overgrazed. The pollen from the annual ragweed contains highly potent allergens that can cause respiratory allergies such as hay fever and aggravate asthma. Near Dip yards at Goondiwindi. Watson s Crossing. Early detection, eradication. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Maintain map of Regional Annual Ragweed infestation detailing high, medium and low density and scale. QMDC. landowners control infestations at their own properties Continue a control program for Annual Ragweed on roadsides and reserves. landholders Decrease in density of infestation GRC Decrease in density of infestation. Provide landholders with advice and control options for private land. GRC, DEEDI, One media release and one display per annum. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Investigate future funding options for ongoing treatment and maintenance on private properties. GRC and Landholders Apply as opportunities arise. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 50 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Balloon Vine (Cardiospermum grandiflorum) DECLARED CLASS: 3 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Balloon vine is named for its fruits, which occur as inflated capsules with pointed tips. When mature, these balloon-shaped capsules split and release the three black heart-shaped seeds encased within. This vine can grow up to 8 m high in the canopy. The leaves are made up of nine leaflets, which have toothed margins and are dark green in colour. Flowers are small and white, growing in clusters with tendrils at the base and in leaf axils. Balloon vine is a densely-growing, climbing herb. The main mode of climbing is via the extensive tendrils, which twirl around supporting structure and other plants. Infestations of this weed smother other plants and prevent them from receiving the sunlight they need to photosynthesise. It is commonly found in southeast Queensland along waterways, roadsides and in disturbed sites. Forest edges are likely sites for invasion, and the vines will often grow right into the canopy of the trees. Local Distribution Along the Dumaresq and Macintyre rivers. Around towns and homesteads as ornamental vines. Council are currently not controlling. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended Provide control advice for landholder enquiries. GRC As requested Well advised landholders For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 51 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Bathurst Burr (Xanthium spinosum) DECLARED CLASS: Non-Declared PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Bathurst Burr is an erect, much branched annual herb which can grow up to 1 m high but usually 30-60 cm. This plant has leaves that are dark green on upper surface, paler green on the under surface, up to 7 cm long and usually three lobed. Its stems are branched with one or two three-pronged yellow spines at base of each leaf stalk. The flowers are creamy green ad small, developing into straw coloured burrs, these burrs are 1-1.5 cm long, with numerous yellow-hooked spines and each burr contains two seeds. This plant contaminates wool, competes with summer crops,is host to some fungal diseases and has poisonous seedlings which can kill stock animals. Local Distribution Scattered though out the council area. Council are currently not controlling. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Provide control advice for landholder enquiries. GRC As requested Better advised Landholders. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 52 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans & Rubus fruticosus agg.) DECLARED CLASS: 3 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Blackberry leaves consist of 3-5 separate leaflets, are dark green on the upper side, whitish underneath. Its flowers are white or pink, and about 2-3 cm in diameter and formed in clusters at the ends of the branches. Its fruit changes colour from green to red to black as it ripens, 1-3 cm in diameter. The fruit is succulent and edible, consisting of numerous fleshy segments, each containing one seed. The seeds light to dark brown, oval, 2-3 mm long. Local Distribution Blackberry invades native bushland, disturbed areas, banks of watercourses and roadsides It forms a dense canopy which few plants can successfully compete with providing an ideal habitat for rabbits and foxes, providing food and shelter. The Blackberry s dead material can causes fire hazards. Near Silver Spur, Texas. Containment within known infestations. Eradication of isolated populations. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. landowners control infestations at their own properties landholders Decrease in density of infestation Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Provide control advice for landholder enquiries. GRC As requested Well advised landholders. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 53 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Broad-leaved Pepper Tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) DECLARED CLASS: 3 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Broadleaved pepper trees can grow into a large spreading tree, up to 10 m high and broad. The leaves consist of 5 9 dark green leaflets and at the ends of the branches are small whitish flowers, followed by bunches of glossy, round red fruits 6 mm across. There are male and female trees, so not all bear fruit. Local Distribution The broadleaved pepper tree is invading coastal dune areas, wetlands and along stream banks. It harbours a disease which can kill mangroves. The tree is choking out native plants and is becoming a serious problem. Broadleaved pepper tree is a garden escapee and native to Brazil. The broadleaved pepper tree can also affect human and animal health as it contains toxic resins. Contact with the sap can cause persistent swelling, rashes, welts, running sores, swollen faces, colic and haemorrhages in the eyes. The pollen can cause respiratory difficulty. Mainly around homesteads, main entrances to properties and in towns. Containment within known infestations. Eradication of isolated populations. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Respond to reports of possible outbreaks on private and public land and co-ordinate treatment as required. GRC As required Number of responses within 48 hours. Carry out follow up inspections of all known and previous outbreaks and coordinate treatment as required. GRC, WO as required, usually following rain events. Minimum 4 times per annum. Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 54 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) DECLARED CLASS: 3 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Local Distribution Camphor laurel is a large evergreen tree, growing up to 20 m tall. The leaves have a glossy, waxy appearance and smell of camphor when crushed. In spring it produces lush, bright-green foliage and masses of small white flowers. The spherical fruits are green (changing to black when ripe) and 10 mm in diameter. Camphor laurel is native to Taiwan, Japan and some parts of China. Since it was introduced in 1822, it has spread along eastern Australia from the Atherton Tablelands down to Victoria. It is particularly common along watercourses and in soil types that once supported rainforest. In south-east Queensland, it has the potential to develop dense infestations similar to older infestations that exist in northern New South Wales. A large camphor laurel tree may produce over 100 000 seeds every year. The seeds are readily spread by a few species of birds. Camphor laurel is aggressive and replaces native vegetation such as blue gums which are koalas favourite food. It invades pastures and disturbed riparian systems. As the Camphor laurel develops a massive root system it can block drains and crack concrete structures. This tree also has a tendency of pushing over fences and disrupting power facilities. Mainly around homesteads, main entrances to properties and in towns. Containment within known infestations. Eradication of isolated populations. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 55 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Cat s Claw Creeper (Macfadyena unguis cati) DECLARED CLASS: 3 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Cat s claw creeper is a vine with large, bright yellow bell shaped flowers in spring. Its leaves each have two leaflets, with a three clawed tendril (the cat s claw) growing between them. The vine bears very long, narrow and flat pods containing many seeds. Local Distribution Cat s claw creeper is a native of tropical America, and is an aggressive climber which was used as an ornamental in older-style Queensland gardens. This vine has the ability to completely smother native vegetation, even growing up over trees, and many bushland areas already have serious infestations of this weed. The vine has a vigorous root and tuber system, and this adds to the difficulties of controlling the weed. Along the Dumaresq and Macintyre rivers. Around towns and homesteads as ornamental vines. Containment within known infestations. Eradication of isolated populations. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. landowners control infestations at their own properties landholders Decrease in density of infestation Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Provide control advice for landholder enquiries. GRC As requested Well advised landholders. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 56 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Chinese Celtis (Celtis sinensis) DECLARED CLASS: 3 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed This deciduous tree grows up to about 12 m tall and flowers in spring. Leaves are quite glossy, with a paler underside and pronounced veins. Thousands of small, orange berries are produced and are dispersed when eaten by birds. Celtis often grows in clay soils associated with alluvial creek flats and gullies. It is an invader of riparian habitats and seems particularly successful in areas where the original vegetation has been disturbed or fenced off from grazing stock. Local Distribution Chinese celtis is an Asian tree that is naturalised throughout most of south-east Queensland. This fast growing species forms dense infestations along creek banks and prevents regeneration of native riparian vegetation. It also sucks up water and has the potential to affect populations of native animals through habitat destruction. Celtis is very common in and around Brisbane, due to its cultivation as a shade tree and garden plant. Celtis seeds are spread by birds, flying foxes and water. Whetstone area. Mainly around homesteads, main entrances to properties and in towns. Containment within known infestations. Eradication of isolated populations. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Respond to reports of possible outbreaks on private and public land and co-ordinate treatment as required. GRC As required Number of responses within 48 hours. Carry out follow up inspections of all known and previous outbreaks and coordinate treatment as required. GRC as required, usually following rain events. Minimum 3 times per annum. Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 57 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Green Cestrum (Cestrum parqui) DECLARED CLASS: Non-Declared PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Green cestrum (Cestrum parqui), also known as green poison berry or Chilean cestrum, is native to Chile and Peru. It is an escaped garden plant which has become a weed of roadsides, creeks and neglected sites in Central and South East Queensland. Local Distribution This plant out-competes vegetation on alluvial flats and is poisonous to livestock. Along the Dumaresq River. To destroy newly-established plants before they flower and produce berries. A combined approach of different control methods including herbicide, biological and mechanical with land management practices is most effective. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. landowners control infestations at their own properties landholders Decrease in density of infestation Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Provide control advice for landholder enquiries. GRC As requested Better advised Landholders. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 58 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Lantanas (Lantana camara & L. montevidensis) DECLARED CLASS: 3 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Lantana is a heavily branched shrub that can grow in compact clumps, dense thickets or as a climbing vine. The stems are square in cross section, with small, recurved prickles. Most leaves are about 6 cm long and are covered in fine hairs. They are bright green above, paler beneath and have round-toothed edges. Leaves grow opposite one another along the stem. When crushed the leaves produce a distinctive odour. Flowers appear throughout most of the year in clustered, compact heads about 2.5 cm in diameter. Flower colours vary from pale cream to yellow, white, pink, orange and red. Lantana produces round, berry-like fruit that turn from glossy green to purplish-black when ripe. Local Distribution For rural producers, lantana poses problems of stock poisoning and invasion of desirable pasture. An economic impact assessment indicated lantana costs the Queensland grazing sector in excess of $70 million (2005 06 values) per year.it is now illegal to sell or distribute any variety of lantana in Queensland. However, garden plantings are still common in many areas and have the potential to cause problems of their own. No known Lantana in the Goondiwindi Regional Council area. Early detection, eradication. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Respond to reports of possible outbreaks on private and public land and co-ordinate treatment as required. GRC As required Number of responses within 48 hours. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Report known infestation as soon as possible. All stakeholders particularly landholders As discovered Quick response to new infestations. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 59 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Lippia (Condamine couch/curse) Phyla canescens DECLARED CLASS: Non-Declared PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Local Distribution Lippia is a broadleaf perennial herb that grows in summer. It forms a solid matlike ground cover with runners that take root at nodes. Leaves are 1 3 cm long and occur in pairs at stem nodes. They have a blunt serrated edge towards the tip and taper to a short stem. Stems and leaves are greyish-green (canescent) in colour. Small tubular flowers appear between spring and autumn when soil moisture is favourable, and can be white, cream, pinkish or pale lilac. The flowers occur as clusters forming a round flower head when mature. Rounded fruits are 1 1.5 mm in diameter and, when mature, split to release two flat, brown, oval seeds. Lippia is found in the more temperate regions of Australia, particularly in floodplain environments, and prefers heavy clay soils. Lippia is similar in appearance to its close relative phyla weed (Phyla nodiflora). However, phyla weed has sharp teeth on the leaf tips, a cylindrical mature flower head and prefers more humid coastal conditions in lighter, sandy soils. Lippia is considered more of a weed than phyla weed. Whilst Lippia / Condamine couch/curse (Phyla canescens) is not a declared plant under Queensland legislation, it is included in the this pest management plan as it poses a potentially serious environmental problem to the river systems. It is the responsibility of landholders to control Lippia weed on the land and waterways under their control. Lippia is an aggressive weed and has the ability to out-compete and dominate in pastures, where it can reduce stocking rates by up to 90% and reduce livestock productivity. Lippia also causes problems in cropping situations. It is well adapted to floodplains and adjacent areas, and is extremely difficult to control. It has a major environmental impact on riverbanks and waterways, and poses a serious threat to protected wetland areas. Lippia rapidly forms dense carpets preventing the growth of other riparian vegetation. This results in soil erosion, which decreases bank stability and degrades the overall health and quality of the waterway. Enforced control and management is necessary to protect the interests of landholders. Unknown at this stage. Promote awareness. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Encourage Trial and the gathering of information to combat the threat GRC, DEEDI, Successful treatment found Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days Number of field days attended No active control is currently undertaken by Council. For more information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 60 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Mimosa Bush (Acacia farnesiana) DECLARED CLASS: Non-Declared PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Local Distribution Mimosa bush (Acacia farnesiana) is a rounded shrub or small tree generally growing 3 m tall, occasionally to 5 m. It often forms thorny thickets, and is nearly always multi-stemmed. The branches grow in a zigzag shape and are usually a grey-brown colour with prominent white spots. Leaves are a ferny type, with 1 6 pairs of leaf "branches" each with 5 20 pairs of narrow, rounded leaflets 4 8 mm long. Leaves are sometimes more of a yellowish green than a pure green. Thorns are found in pairs at the base of each leaf and can grow up to 10 cm long. Golden yellow to orangeish flowers are bailshaped, about 1 cm across, and grow on stalks, usually two stalks at the base of each leaf. Flowers develop into clusters of cigar-shaped pods, slightly curved and up to 6 cm long. The pods are dark brown or black and woody at maturity, with seeds embedded in the pith. Pods do no split open and tend to stay on the plant for a length of time. Mimosa can be confused with the declared weeds mesquite (Prosopis spp.) and prickly acacia (Acacia nilotica), particularly when young (see DPI&F Pest Fact 'Identification of Prickly Bushes' PP33). Mimosa bush can spread readily and grow quickly. As it often forms thorny thickets, it can be a considerable nuisance during mustering and can also hinder stock access to water. Mimosa does offer shade in open downs country and can be useful as a supplement to grass during the dry season. It may therefore be a useful plant in some areas if its spread can be controlled to prevent thicket formation. The maintenance of healthy pasture competition is the best mechanism to achieve this. It does well in dry localities and on loamy or sandy soils, forming thickets along watercourses. Early detection, eradication. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Maintain map of Regional infestation detailing high, medium and low density and scale. QMDC. Continue a control program on roadsides and reserves. GRC Decrease in density of infestation. Provide landholders with advice and control options for private land. GRC, DEEDI, One media release and one display per annum. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Investigate future funding options for ongoing treatment and maintenance on private properties. GRC and Landholders Apply as opportunities arise. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 61 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Noogoora Burr (Xanthium pungens) DECLARED CLASS: Non-Declared PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Noogera Burr is up to 2.5 m in height with blotched purple stems. Its leaves are dark green on upper surface, 15 cm in diameter and roughly textured with minute bristles. Noogera Burr has flowers which are inconspicuous, in leaf axils towards the end of the branches. Its flowers develop into hard, woody, spiny burrs, 1.2 cm to 2 cm long with hooked spines. Local Distribution Noogera burrs contaminate wool, reducing its value through increased processing costs. It also denies sheep access to watering points, is a competitor to pasture and summer crops and seedlings are poisonous to domestic stock if eaten in sufficient quantities. Scattered though out the council area. Council are currently not controlling. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Provide control advice for landholder enquiries. GRC As requested Better advised Landholders. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au. Document Status: REVISED Page 62 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Patterson s Curse (Echium plantagineum) DECLARED CLASS: Non-Declared PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Patterson s Curse is also known as Salvation Jane, the seeds of this plant contain various pyrrolizidine alkaloids (echimidine, echiumine) in quantities that depend on location and season. The toxins cause liver damage leading to photosensitisation and finally kidney failure. There are no confirmed field cases of poisoning in pigs in Australia. Safe feeding levels have not yet been accurately determined but liver damage is evident with 2 per cent seed in the diet. More than 6 per cent of Paterson's curse seed in the diet results in a decline in growth rate and feed conversion (100 seeds = 0.37 g). QASR allow 100 seeds/kg (0.04 per cent). Local Distribution In Australia Paterson's curse produces over 10 000 seeds by late spring which sit dormant over summer waiting for rain when they germinate in their thousands. The seedlings grow quickly and develop a large taproot making them resistant to drought. Seedlings form a flat rosette, out-competing other germinating plant species. Paterson's curse can completely dominate a paddock resulting in the endless fields of purple often seen in spring each year. Although relatively nutritious in terms of digestible nutrients, and valued as a pasture plant in some places, Paterson's curse contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are poisonous to livestock as they can,destroy the liver, reduce weight gain and wool clip and lead to death in severe cases. Scattered though out the council area. Council are currently not controlling. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Provide control advice for landholder enquiries. GRC As requested Better advised Landholders. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 63 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Privets (Ligustrum lucidum & L.sinense) DECLARED CLASS: 3 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Broad Leaf Privet can grow up to 10 m tall, with closely packed branches. The broad, dark green, leathery leaves grow in opposite pairs and are up to 12 cm long with a pointed tip. Fruits occur as dense bunches of black berries, and are eaten (and hence dispersed) by birds. Originally from Japan and China, tree privet is regularly seen in ornamental gardens throughout south-east Queensland. Small Leaf Chinese privet is a large shrub growing to about 4 m tall. The finely hairy leaves are deep green in colour, oval shaped and up to 5 cm long. Young branches are often covered in fine hairs like those found on the leaves. Flowers are very small, but produced in dense cream sprays up to 10 cm long. Berries are produced after the flowers and are dark blue to black in colour. Local Distribution Broad Leaf Tree privet is a naturalised weed in south-east Queensland that is a potential invader of riparian vegetation and disturbed sites. In some coastal areas it displaces rainforest species. Privet is densely branched and can form thickets, destroying native animal habitat and disrupting their access through natural corridors. It is also recognised as a weed in South Africa and is known to cause significant irritations to sufferers of hay fever. Small Leaf Chinese privet has been widely distributed in Australia as a garden hedge plant. Its berries are eaten by birds, thus aiding its dispersal. In natural systems the densely branched growth habit of this weed poses a significant shading threat to native plants in moist, temperate areas of south-east Queensland. Over time, this exclusion of native plants may be detrimental to native animals. Stands of this weed may also grow sufficiently thick to hinder animal movement through the bushland. Chinese privet produces masses of heavily scented white flowers that cause severe allergic reactions in susceptible people. Mainly around homesteads, main entrances to properties and in towns. Containment within known infestations. Eradication of isolated populations. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Respond to reports of possible outbreaks on private and public land and co-ordinate treatment as required. GRC As required Number of responses within 48 hours. Carry out follow up inspections of all known and previous outbreaks and coordinate treatment as required. GRC as required, usually following rain events. Minimum 4 times per annum. Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 64 of 85

WEED SPECIES: Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) DECLARED CLASS: Non-Declared PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Tree of heaven was introduced to Australia from eastern Asia by Chinese miners as an ornamental and shade plant. Tree of heaven is a deciduous tree or shrub that can grow up to 20 metres in height. Patches of the tree become denser by the growth of suckers from the shallow lateral roots. It is now generally regarded as a weed because of its suckering ability and the competition it provides to other desirable plants. Local Distribution It is well suited to both clay and sandy soils and is often found around old homesteads, gullies, rubbish tips and roadsides. Council are currently not controlling. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Provide control advice for landholder enquiries. GRC As requested Better advised Landholders. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 65 of 85

WEED SPECIES Willow (Salix spp) DECLARED CLASS: 3 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Weed Willows are deciduous trees or shrubs, which form large, dense rootmats. Its leaves are long and narrow with finely toothed edges (pussy willows being the exception). The flower stalks have numerous tiny flowers together with small seeds with long, silky hairs. Willows invade riverbanks and wetlands and has an aggressive root system in urban environments, which readily damages footpaths and drains. It s roots spread into beds of watercourses, which slows water flow, reduces aeration and causes flooding and erosion. Local Distribution Along the Dumaresq and Macintyre rivers. Around towns and homesteads. Council are currently not controlling. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Continue and update mapping of infestations showing scale and density. QMDC RSS updates LPO six monthly & hard copy as required. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days. Number of field days attended. Provide control advice for landholder enquiries. GRC As requested Better advised Landholders. For further information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 66 of 85

4. Identification Tool PEST ANIMALS 4.1 Matrix Rating System Declared Pest Animals Pest Animal Strategic Importance Achievability PRIORITY RATING - HIGH Dingo/Wild Dog (Canis familiaris) 1 C Feral Pig (Sus scrofa) 2 B PRIORITY RATING - MEDIUM Plague Pest Mice (Mus domesticus) 3 D PRIORITY RATING - LOW Chital Deer (Axis axis) 4 D Fallow Deer (Dama dama) 4 D Feral Cat (Felis catus) 4 D Feral Goat (Capra hircus) 4 D Fox (Vulpes vulpes) 3 B Plague Pest Locusts (Austracris guttolosa and Locusta migratoria) 4 D Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 3 C Red Deer (Cervus, elaphus) 4 D Rusa Deer (Cervus timorensis) 4 D 4.2 Matrix Rating System Non-Declared Pest Animals Pest Animal Strategic Importance Achievability PRIORITY RATING - LOW Cane Toad (Bufo marinus) 4 D European Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 4 D Indian Myna (Acridotheres tristis) 4 D Document Status: REVISED Page 67 of 85

PRIORITY RATING: HIGH ANIMAL SPECIES: Dingo / Wild Dogs Canis familiaris dingo and Canis familiaris DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: High of the Pest Animal Local Distribution The term wild dog refers collectively to dingoes, dingo hybrids and domestic dogs that have escaped or been deliberately released. Dingoes typically have red, ginger and sandy-yellow coat colours, though they can also be pure white, black and tan or solid black. It is not difficult to distinguish between most dingoes and hybrids. The presence of domestic genes is suggested by broken colours - brindling and patchiness in the normally pure white feet and chest patch and sable colouration (black hairs along the back and sides). Dingoes have a more heavily boned skull and larger teeth (especially the canine) than domestic dogs of similar size. The Dingo (Canis familiaris dingo) is a Class 2 declared pest animal under Queensland legislation. It is the responsibility of landholders to reduce the number of dingoes / wild dogs on their land. It is estimated that wild dogs cost Queensland s grazing industry around $33 million a year in lost production, disease transmission and control effort. Wild dogs are regarded as serious predators of domestic stock. Rogue dogs can cause severe damage to grazing animals particularly during the spring calving and lambing seasons. Wild Dogs are vectors of canid diseases (e.g. distemper, parvovirus) and parasites. The Dingo could pose a serious risk if rabies was introduced into Australia. Large infestations with the Barrier Check Fence. Isolated reports of dogs on the clean side of the fence and in the western and eastern areas of the region. Containment within known infestations on the dirty side of the Barrier Check Fence (reduced distribution on the clean side of the fence). Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Support control through essential scalps Continue to provide services of barrier fence. GRC Fence maintained to a dog proof standard landowners control infestations at their own properties landholders Decrease in density of infestation Continue Annual baiting program with greater emphasis on co-ordination. Increase awareness of effectiveness of baiting program and encourage co-ordination across the region. Continue to provide trapping services to landholders with rogue dogs in accordance with Council s policy Investigate future funding options for ongoing treatment and maintenance on private properties. Monitor Numbers GRC, DEEDI, QPWS, AGFORCE GRC, DEEDI, QMDC, AGFORCE Annually May, June and as required Amount of bait distributed, number of landholders participating in program. Number of landholders participating GRC Dogs controlled GRC Apply as opportunities arise GRC, QMDC Document Status: REVISED Page 68 of 85

Successful long-term management of pest animals relies on cooperation with neighbours and the coordination of control activities. Some chemical and physical control techniques can be hazardous to people, stock, property and current legislation enforces strict guidelines for their use. Council encourages the education of landholders to ensure that they are able to track and trap dogs on there own property. Council also coordinates two (2) baiting programs per year, scheduled to target strategic periods in wild dog lifecycles. For more information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 69 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: Feral Pig Sus scrofa DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: High of the Pest Animal Local Distribution Feral pigs are smaller, leaner and more muscular than domestic pigs, with welldeveloped shoulders and necks and smaller, shorter hindquarters. Their hair is sparse and longer and coarser than domestic pigs. Feral pigs also have longer, larger snouts and tusks, straight tails, smaller mostly pricked ears and much narrower backs. Colouring is predominantly black, buff-coloured or spotted black and white. Some are agouti-patterned (dark hair with a lighter tip). Juveniles may be striped. Colours vary between and within areas. Growth potential is similar to domestic pigs, although harsh environmental conditions tend to stunt development. Adult female feral pigs usually weigh50 60 kg, while males usually weigh 80 100 kg. Exceptional animals have reached 260 kg. Older boars (razorbacks) have massive heads and shoulders and a raised and prominent back bone that slopes steeply down to small hams and short hind legs. A keratinous plaque or shield up to three centimetres thick usually develops on their shoulders and flanks. This provides some protection from serious injury during fights with other boars. Some boars develop a crest or mane of stiff bristles extending from their neck down the middle of their back, which stands straight on end when the animal is enraged. Feral Pigs (Sus scrofa) are a Class 2 declared pest animal under Queensland legislation. It is the responsibility of landholders to reduce the number of rabbits on their land. Feral pigs damage crops, stock and property, and spread weeds and transmit diseases such as leptospirosis and foot-and-mouth. They also cause environmental damage, digging up large areas of native vegetation and spreading weeds. Wallowing pigs damage and foul the water in tanks and bore drains and silt up troughs. Rooting can weaken dam walls. Being large, powerful animals, pigs can breach fences, providing passage for other pest animals. Widespread distribution across the region with populations very seasonal in nature. Control activities of the past few years appear to be making inroads into the population. To eradicate small, isolated or new infestations and reduce numbers in other situations, where there is significant economic, environmental or social impacts with the aid of the free 1080 baiting program offered to landholders by Council in conjunction with other control activities carried out by landholders. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Support Control Pig harvesters As required More pigs controlled landowners control infestations at their own properties landholders Decrease in density of infestation Continue the provision of baiting services encouraging co-ordination across an area. Increase awareness of effectiveness of baiting program and impact of better coordination. Carry out control activities to meet obligations pursuant to relevant legislation. GRC As required Better coordinated baiting GRC, DEEDI, QMDC, AGFORCE Number of landholders participating Landholders Control activities meet Monitor Numbers GRC, QMDC Known Pig population Council offers free 1080 baiting to all landholders within the regional area. Council officers will visit on farm and treat the landholder s grain bait at no cost to the landholder. Stringent safety rules apply to the use of 1080 to ensure that it remains an effective control tool. Because of the mobile nature of pigs, Council encourages those considering 1080 baiting to involve their neighbours to achieve more thorough results. Shooting and trapping is also prevalent across the shire with many commercial chiller boxes accepting pigs based in the area. For more information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 70 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: Plague Pest (Mice) Mus domesticus DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: Medium of the Pest Animal PRIORITY RATING: MEDIUM Mice are brown, grey or black short-haired pelt and may appear white, pale yellow or grey underneath. They have notched upper incisors distinguish them from other species. Mice are omnivorous and opportunistic feeders Mice (Mus domesticus) are considered pests because of their diet, reproductive capacity and gnawing behaviour. When seasonal conditions are favourable, their numbers can increase to a level where they become a serious pest, causing damage to crops, stored products and equipment. Mice are Non-Declared under Queensland legislation. However, landholders are responsible for controlling mice occurring in plague proportions on their land. Mice cause serious damage to crops during plagues and can transmit Salmonella (which causes food poisoning) to human food stuffs. Local Distribution Seasonal distributions. Containment. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Direct inquiries to DEEDI GRC As required Inform Regional residents about plague pests through media releases at key times when mice or locust problems may occur. DEEDI, AGFORCE When seasonal conditions require Number of promotion activities undertaken Carry out control activities to meet obligations pursuant to relevant legislation Landholders Control activities carried out Continue monitoring Region for occurrence and activity in order for plague prediction and damage prevention. DEEDI, LPO, Landholders, RSS Up to date monitoring of population. Provide residents with advice on monitoring techniques and hygiene practices for reducing mice damage and population increases. Provide residents with advice on baiting methods and providers of bait material for mice control. Provide available reasonable labour assistance to DEEDI during treatment. LPO, DEEDI As required Amount of field days held. LPO, DEEDI As required Reduction in reported damage GRC As requested Assistance provided. Council officers do not participate in active control of plague Mice. The Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) are the lead agency in relation to plague mice control. Management activities are generally aimed at managing plague populations until seasonal conditions cause a natural population decline. Document Status: REVISED Page 71 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: Cane Toad Bufo marinus DECLARED CLASS: Non-Declared PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Animal PRIORITY RATING: LOW Cane Toads can grow up to 20 cm in length. The adults are large and heavily built. It has a definite visor or awning extends over each eye and a high angular bony ridge extends from the eyes to the nose. Colouring on the upper surface may be brown, olive-brown or reddish-brown while underneath the toad varies from white to yellow and is usually mottled. Brown warts are present on all cane toads; however, males possess more than females. Its eggs are laid in long, gelatinous 'strings' with the developing tadpoles appearing as a row of small black dots. A single clutch can contain up to 35,000 eggs. Local Distribution Can cause death if ingested by domestic and most native animals. The Cane Toad is a voracious feeder, consuming a wide variety of insects, frogs, small reptiles, mammals and even birds and has been known to transmit diseases such as salmonella. No reported sightings yet. Monitoring distribution. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Monitor Numbers GRC, QMDC Established populations and locations. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days DEEDI, GRC, Number of field days attended Those seeking further information should contact your local Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) or visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 72 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: Chital Deer - Axis axis DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Animal Chital deer have a rusty red to dark brown coat with permanent white spots appearing as broken lines along the body. Other distinguishing features are their prominent white throat and large tail. Adult stags stand up to 95 cm at the shoulder, while hinds are smaller. Adult stags weigh 75 100 kg, hinds up to 50 kg. Stags have three tined antlers on a long, upright beam, 55 70 cm. Large herds consist mainly of females and their young, together with two or three stags. They are most active at dawn and dusk and often bed down under the shade of trees during the heat of the day. Deer are nervous animals and susceptible to panic, while trapped animals may be difficult to manage. Chital deer are usually confined to the tropical and subtropical areas of Australia and prefer woodland, forests, and clearings near waterways. The breeding season is non-seasonal, although fertility may be influenced by seasonal conditions. In Australia, most chital stags are in hard antler in the first half of the year and the majority of calves are born in the second half of the year. However, it is possible for stags to rut at any time of the year and calves have been observed in April and May and from September to November. In good seasonal conditions hinds may display post-partum oestrus and produce three calves in two years. The gestation period is about 234 days. Multiple births are not uncommon in native habitat but in Australia fertility may be influenced by the environment. Production losses Wild deer are opportunistic and highly adaptable feeders that both graze and browse. Their diet is largely determined by what is locally available, but because they require a diet twice as high in protein content and with significantly higher quantities of digestible vegetable matter than cattle, they will normally feed selectively on the highest quality plants in a pasture. Because of this, deer can impose substantial costs on primary producers. Wild deer have been reported to cause damage to a wide variety of agricultural crops, pastures and forestry plantations. Wild deer also directly compete with cattle and other livestock for pasture. Other impacts on rural enterprises include damage to fences, spreading of weeds and fouling of water holes. Parasites and diseases Wild deer are susceptible to exotic livestock diseases including foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, vesicular stomatitis, rabies and blue tongue. If unchecked, wild deer could play a major role in the spread of infection and act as a reservoir if these diseases are introduced to Australia. Wild deer are also susceptible to a number of diseases and parasites currently in Australia including cattle tick, leptospirosis and ovine and bovine Johne s disease. The main concern is the cost in lost livestock production or the spread of disease to free areas (e.g. bovine Johne s disease). However, some of the diseases and parasites also have significant implications for human health. Environmental impacts Because deer are large animals, they are capable of damaging native vegetation by browsing and trampling understorey and seedling plants, and by ring-barking young trees. Deer are also selective feeders. Over time, their browsing will influence the variety and abundance of native plant species. A significantly lower diversity and abundance of plant species is evident in environments where deer densities are high. Document Status: REVISED Page 73 of 85

Local Distribution Wild deer can significantly impact ecologically fragile areas and have the potential to eliminate threatened plant species from an area. Other environmental damage attributable to wild deer is the fouling of waterholes, the spreading of weeds, overgrazing causing erosion (and the subsequent degradation of water quality in creek and river systems). Isolated populations spread across the entire region. To prevent the spread of wild chital deer in Queensland. To eradicate small isolated or new wild chital deer infestations outside their historical ranges. To reduce established wild chital deer numbers inside their historical ranges where they are having or could have significant negative economic, environmental and/or social impacts. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days DEEDI, GRC, Number of field days attended Identify if they are Chital Deer and establish population densities and locations to determine if control is needed. DEEDI, GRC, QMDC ASAP Established populations and locations. Those seeking further information should contact your local Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) or visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 74 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: European Carp Cyprinus carpio DECLARED CLASS: Non-Declared PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Animal The European Carp have large scales, a deeply forked tail and a single dorsal fin. Carp have two pairs of fleshy whiskers (or barbels) in the corners of their upper lip. These barbels are a useful way of distinguishing them from goldfish which do not have any Colouration is highly variable - they may be bronze or olive-gold, becoming pale yellow or whitish on the sides and belly or have a bright gold colouration. They can live up to 17 years. Local Distribution The feeding habits have resulted in muddied water and uprooted aquatic vegetation. Less light can penetrate muddy water resulting in reduced plant growth and lower oxygen levels, thereby degrading the water quality making it more difficult for other species to survive Biological control methods, such as manipulating the genetic structure of carp to disrupt their breeding or bring an early death, are being investigated Can be found in rivers and creeks in council area. Poisons have been used to eradicate carp in ponds and small dams, but are not practical for rivers and streams as these poisons also kill native fish Intensive fishing may have the potential to reduce carp numbers in small enclosed waterbodies, but it is very unlikely that fishing alone is an effective long-term control measure. The control goal for this species is that they cannot be possessed or released and must be immediately destroyed on capture. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Monitor Numbers GRC, QMDC Established populations and locations. Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days DEEDI, GRC, Number of field days attended Those seeking further information should contact your local Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) or visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 75 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: Fallow Deer Dama dama DECLARED CLASS: 3 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Animal The Fallow Deer has a long tail, black on top and white underneath, surrounded by a white rump patch outlined with a characteristic black horseshoe pattern. Its winter coat is longer and more grey with indistinct spots. The black fallow deer are almost entirely black with no white coloration. The white fallow deer are white to sandy, with the coat becoming more white at adulthood. Fawns are born with a coat similar to the adult's summer coat. Their antlers of adult fallow bucks (over three years) are flattened and palmate with numerous points, increasing in size with age, up to 70 cm long. Local Distribution The Fallow Deer can cause damage to agricultural crops and gardens in outer urban areas. It is hazardous on suburban roads and major highways. A large number of deer also pose a threat to the environment. Established populations occur west of Stanthorpe with scattered populations around Warwick. To prevent their spread and to reduce the adverse effects on environmentally significant areas. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days Number of field days attended Identify if they are Fallow Deer and establish population densities and locations to determine if control is needed. QMDC ASAP Better understanding of the threat of Fallow deer. Those seeking further information should contact your local Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) or visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 76 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: Feral Cat Felis catus DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Animal The feral cat differs little in appearance from its domestic counterpart; however, when in good condition, the feral cat displays increased overall muscle development, especially noticeable around the head, neck and shoulders, which gives the animal a more robust appearance. The average body weight of male feral cats is 3 6 kg, while females weigh 2 4 kg. Body weights vary with condition, with some extremely large specimens documented. Australian feral cats are predominantly short-haired, with coat colours that range between ginger, tabby, tortoiseshell, grey and black. White markings may be present on the feet, belly, chest and throat; completely white feral cats are extremely rare. In established populations, coat colours are the result of a natural, genetically selective process. Terrain, predators and the ability to capture prey limit coat colours to those that provide the most suitable camouflage and cause a predominance of these colours in subsequent offspring. Ginger cats are more likely to be found in the semi-arid and desert areas, while grey and black specimens generally predominate in scrub and more heavily timbered habitats. The feral cat is most active at night, with peak hunting activity occurring soon after sunset and in the early hours before sunrise. At night the cat displays a distinctive green eyeshine under spotlight, making it easily distinguishable from other animals. During the day it will rest in any number of den sites, which may include hollow logs, dense clumps of grass, piles of debris, rabbit burrows, and even the hollow limbs of standing trees. The most obvious and characteristic field signs of feral cats are their scats (droppings). Unlike the domestic cat, the feral cat does not bury its scats, but leaves them exposed at prominent sites to warn other cats of its territorial boundary. The feral cat is an opportunistic predator of small mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects and even fish. It is particularly harmful in island situations, having caused the extinction of a number of species. The feral cat competes for prey with native predatory species such as quolls, eagles, hawks and reptiles. This cat contains a parasite that is particularly harmful to marsupials, causing blindness, respiratory disorders, paralysis, and loss of offspring. Should this disease enter Australia, the feral cat could be a carrier of rabies. Local Distribution Widespread distribution across the region with populations very seasonal in nature. No Control. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days DEEDI, GRC, Number of field days attended Those seeking further information should contact your local Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) or visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 77 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: Feral Goat (Capra hircus) DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Animal Feral goats are commonly found in rugged terrain that provides safety from pursuing predators such as wild dogs and humans. Other environments are colonised, but the isolation and comparative safety of ranges and semi-arid rangelands are preferred. Feral goats survive and breed in most habitats except rainforest, extensive wetland and desert areas. Goats are generalist herbivores, eating a wide variety of plant foods. The highest quality food available is often selected. A population of goats is capable of doubling in size every 1.6 years in the absence of death caused by human control activities. To prevent populations from increasing, approximately 35% of the population must be removed each year. The Feral Goats can cause damage to agricultural crops and gardens in outer urban areas. It is hazardous on suburban roads and major highways. Large numbers of Goats also pose a threat to the environment. Local Distribution Isolated populations spread across the entire region. To eradicate small, isolated populations and to manage the economic, environmental and social impacts of established populations. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days DEEDI, GRC, Number of field days attended Monitor Numbers GRC, Landholders Established populations and locations. Those seeking further information should contact your local Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) or visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 78 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: Fox Vulpes vulpes DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Animal Foxes have pointed muzzles, flattened slender skulls, large ears and long bushy tails. Adult male foxes weigh around 6 kg, while females weigh about 5 kg. Foxes are usually active at night and rest during the day. They breed annually over a period of 2-3 weeks in early winter with a gestation period of 51-53 days with an average litter size ranging from 4-10 pups. The Fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a Class 2 declared pest animal under Queensland legislation. It is the responsibility of landholders to reduce the number of foxes on their land. Foxes threaten agricultural and native species alike. They are considered the greatest threat to the longterm survival of many small marsupial species in Australia. Foxes prey on small or young animals, lambs, poultry and livestock despite an abundance of food. Foxes are a potential carrier of disease particularly rabies should it ever be introduced to Australia. Local Distribution Isolated populations across the entire region. Containment within known infestations. Eradication of isolated populations. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Continue Annual baiting program GRC, DEEDI, QPWS Annually Amount of bait distributed, number of landholders participating in program. landowners control infestations at their own properties Make available pre-packaged baits at a subsidised rate to empower landholders to control rogue populations. Increase awareness of effectiveness of baiting program Carry out control activities to met obligations pursuant to relevant legislation landholders Decrease in density of infestation GRC As required Amount of bait distributed, number of landholders participating in program. GRC, DEEDI, QMDC, AGFORCE Number of landholders participating Landholders Amount of bait distributed, number of landholders participating in program. Monitor Numbers GRC, QMDC Established populations and locations. Foxes are also baited in the course of the annual wild dog baiting program. Landholders are urged to register their interest at any time of the year through the Council office, with the actual baiting carried out between May and July. Shooting and trapping are also effective methods of control. For more information and the latest control techniques visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au. Document Status: REVISED Page 79 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis DECLARED CLASS: Non-Declared PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Animal The Indian Myna is a brown, with glossy black head, neck and upper breasted bird with bright yellow bills, eye skin, legs and feet It is around 23-26 cm long, weighing between 82-143 g with a wing-span of 120-142 mm It also has distinctive white patches on wings that are visible in flight The Indian Myna competes with native parrots and other native wildlife such as possums and gliders. It has the potential reservoir for diseases such as avian malaria. It damages fruit, vegetables and cereal crops and spreads weeds such as lantana and fireweed. It is a social nuisance with large roosts and nests causing noise, mess, potential allergies and a fire hazard Local Distribution Isolated populations spread across the entire region. To eradicate small, isolated populations and to manage the economic, environmental and social impacts of established populations. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days Number of field days attended Monitor Numbers QMDC Established populations and locations. Those seeking further information should contact your local Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) or visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 80 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: Plague Pest (Locusts) Chortoicetes terminifera DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Animal Plague locust adults grow 25-44 mm long. General body colour is grey, brown or occasionally green - often with a pale stripe down the middle of the back. The hind wing has a conspicuous black spot at the tip, and the hind legs have red shanks. Adults locusts make short flights just above the grass, often landing side on to the observer. This flight is also typical of several grasshopper species, including the eastern plague locust. This insect looks very similar to C. terminifera, but its hind wings are pale yellow with a dark band and it lacks the red shanks on the hind legs. For further information on individual species visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au The major difference between locusts and grasshoppers is that locusts have the ability to swarm. Grasshoppers do not. All locusts and grasshoppers have the same three-stage life cycle (egg ==> hopper (nymph) ==> adult) and require green vegetation (hence rainfall) for successful breeding. The Australian plague locust is a Class 2 declared pest under Queensland legislation. Landholders are responsible for controlling Australian plague locusts on their land. The Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera) is the most important economically due to the extent and frequency of its outbreaks. Successful breeding occurs after good rains in the Channel country of western Queensland. Locusts then migrate on prevailing weather systems, invading adjacent agricultural areas including southern Queensland. A high-density swarm of Australian plague locusts covering two square kilometres can eat 20 tonnes of vegetation a day. Local Distribution Seasonal distributions. Containment. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Direct inquiries to DEEDI GRC As required Inform Regional residents about plague pests through media releases at key times when mice or locust problems may occur. DEEDI, AGFORCE When seasonal conditions require Number of promotion activities undertaken Carry out control activities to met obligations pursuant to relevant legislation Landholders As required Damage prevention. Continue monitoring Region for occurrence and activity in order for plague prediction and damage prevention. DEEDI, Landholders As required plague prediction before major damage Council officers do not participate in active control of plague locusts. The Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) are the lead agency in relation to locust control. Management activities are generally aimed at managing locust populations until seasonal conditions cause a natural population decline. Council will provide equipment and labour if needed. Document Status: REVISED Page 81 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Animal Rabbits are usually grey-brown with a pale belly; black or ginger can also be common coat colours. The rabbit has long hind legs and short front legs with long ears and large eyes. They usually weigh approximately 1.3 to 2.3 kg. Rabbit breeding can commence from four months of age with a gestation period between 28-30 days. Does (female rabbits) can have up to 5-6 litters in a good breeding season producing an average of 3-4 kittens; litters of up to eight kittens are possible for older does depending on food quantity and quality The Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a Class 2 declared pest animal under Queensland legislation. It is the responsibility of landholders to reduce the number of rabbits on their land. Local Distribution Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are one of Australia s major agricultural and environmental animal pests costing between $600 million and $1 billion annually. Rabbits compete with native animals, destroy the landscape and are a primary cause of soil erosion by preventing regeneration of native vegetation. Rabbits affect the quantity and quality of pasture available for other animals. Nutritious plants are selectively grazed, and in times of drought rabbits can consume the majority of the vegetation available. Isolated populations spread across the entire region. Containment. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Provide advice to Regional residents on integrated control measures to reduce rabbit populations landowners control infestations at their own properties DEEDI Amount of residents advised. landholders Decrease in density of infestation Direct control inquiries to DEEDI GRC As required Amount of control inquiries Continue the provision of baiting services for the control of isolated populations within the region DEEDI As required Amount of baiting carried out. Carry out control activities to met obligations pursuant to relevant legislation Landholders including GRC Amount of baiting carried out. Council officers do not undertake any direct control of rabbits other than that required upon Council controlled land. The introduction of biological controls has severely impacted upon the rabbit population. Those seeking further information should contact your local Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) or visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 82 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: Red Deer Cervus, elaphus DECLARED CLASS: 3 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Animal Red deer have a glossy reddish-brown to brown summer coat, while mature red deer show a straw-coloured rump patch. Adult stags stand up to 120 cm at the shoulder, while adult hinds stand up to 100 cm at the shoulder. Stags weigh up to 220 kg, hinds up to 100 kg. Stags develop a mane during winter and the best trophy stags have antlers with six or more points on each side. Mature stags live apart from the hinds until the start of the rut. They are most active at dawn and dusk. Their preferred habitat is open, grassy glades in forests. The mating season (the rut) is from March to April. Mature males compete to gather harems of females and hold them against rivals. Production losses Wild deer are opportunistic and highly adaptable feeders that both graze and browse. Their diet is largely determined by what is locally available, but because they require a diet twice as high in protein content as cattle and with significantly higher quantities of digestible vegetable matter they will normally feed selectively on the highest quality plants in a pasture. Because of this, deer can impose substantial costs on primary producers. Wild deer have been reported to cause damage to a wide variety of agricultural crops, pastures and forestry plantations. They also directly compete with cattle and other livestock for pasture. Other impacts on rural enterprises include damage to fences, spreading of weeds and fouling of water holes. Parasites and diseases Wild deer are susceptible to exotic livestock diseases including foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, vesicular stomatitis, rabies and blue tongue. Unchecked, wild herds could play a major role in the spread of infection and act as a reservoir if these diseases are introduced to Australia. Wild deer are also susceptible to a number of diseases and parasites currently in Australia including cattle tick, leptospirosis and ovine and bovine Johne s disease. The main concern is the cost in lost livestock production or the spread of disease to free areas (e.g. bovine Johne s disease). However, some of the diseases and parasites also have significant implications for human health. Environmental impacts Because deer are large animals, they are capable of damaging native vegetation by browsing and trampling under storey and seedling plants, and ring-barking young trees. Deer are also selective feeders. Over time, their browsing will influence the variety and abundance of native plant species. A significantly lower diversity and abundance of plant species is evident in environments where deer densities are high. Wild deer can significantly impact ecologically fragile areas and have the potential to eliminate threatened plant species from an area. Other environmental damage attributable to wild deer is the fouling of waterholes, the spreading of weeds, overgrazing causing erosion (and the subsequent degradation of water quality in creek and river systems). Local Distribution Isolated populations spread across the entire region. To prevent the spread of wild red deer in Queensland. To reduce the adverse effects of existing wild red deer populations on environmentally significant areas. Document Status: REVISED Page 83 of 85

Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days DEEDI, GRC, Number of field days attended Identify if they are Red Deer and establish population densities and locations to determine if control is needed. DEEDI, GRC, QMDC ASAP Better understanding of the threat of Red deer. Those seeking further information should contact your local Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) or visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 84 of 85

ANIMAL SPECIES: Rusa Deer (Cervus timorensis) DECLARED CLASS: 2 PRIORITY STATUS: Low of the Pest Animal Rusa deer have a greyish to yellowish or reddish-brown coat, which is darker brown on their hindquarters and thighs. Their body hair is coarse and stags develop a mane during winter. Stags stand up to 110 cm, hinds up to 95 cm. Stags weigh about 120 kg, hinds up to 80 kg. Local Distribution Stags have three tined antlers with the beams forming a characteristic lyre shape. During the rut, rusa stags plough vegetation and amass bundles of greenery on their antlers. Wild deer have been reported to cause damage to a wide variety of agricultural crops, pastures and forestry plantations. Wild deer also directly compete with cattle and other livestock for pasture. Other impacts on rural enterprises include damage to fences, spreading of weeds and fouling of water holes. Wild deer are susceptible to exotic livestock diseases including foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, vesicular stomatitis, rabies and blue tongue. Unchecked, wild herds could play a major role in the spread of infection and act as a reservoir if these diseases are introduced to Australia. Established populations occur west of Stanthorpe with scattered populations around Warwick and Inglewood. To prevent the spread of wild populations within the regional area; To eradicate small, isolated or new populations outside their historical ranges; and To reduce established numbers inside their historical ranges. Strategic Actions What Who When Performance Indicator Increase awareness and education for landowners and stakeholders eg. participate at shows and field days Number of field days attended Identify if they are Red Deer and establish population densities and locations to determine if control is needed. QMDC ASAP Better understanding of the threat of Red deer. Those seeking further information should contact your local Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) or visit http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au Document Status: REVISED Page 85 of 85