Electrical solutions for hydro power plants GRID
Hydro power: clean, reliable, predictable Equivalent to 16% of global electricity generation, hydro power is the most important form of electricity generation from renewables, accounting for 3,208 TWh of the 3,800 TWh total for renewables in 2008. Hydro power generation could reach 5,500 TWh by 2035 according to the IEA, with most of the growth in developing countries. Hydro power is successful for a number of reasons. It is a mature technology that can be exploited almost all over the world. It is flexible enough to cope with fluctuations in demand, and can be used to generate peak load or even in some cases base load. Plant size can range from micro installations supplying less than 100 kw to multi gigawatt systems. And unlike many other renewables, supply is predictable. But the hydro power plants present their own challenges, not least reliability of supply from technologies that depend on the weather indirectly. So they have to be part of an approach that considers not just the generating technology, but how to integrate different sources seamlessly into a single network, to supply power cheaply, safely and dependably. A power plant s electrical power system delivers the produced electricity to the grid. It also supplies the power that is crucial to running the plant itself. This dual-function electrical infrastructure is vital to all power plants. To meet all these challenges, you can turn to Alstom Grid. We are a committed and dependable partner who knows how to supply electricity to your plant and deliver your electricity to the grid, whatever the type of power plant you operate. 2 Alstom Grid
Electrical solutions HYDRO POWER...with energy efficient solutions A focused electrical solutions provider Advanced electrical solutions are critical to your business performance. When it comes to safety, reliability and efficiency, your priorities are identical to ours. For over 120 years, our single focus has been the energy industry, and we have been serving the power generation sector ever since. Our quality products and services and our universally acknowledged engineering and project management capabilities, make us an ideal partner for local power plant owners, operators, and contractors. Your ecological partner Reliable, tailored solutions Experience and innovation lead to optimal electrical solution designs, critical to your plant s system availability. Our continuous improvement policy means we know how to design products that are reliable and simple to operate. Each power plant has specific electrical needs. Thanks to our global know-how and local presence in over 100 countries, we work with you to implement a solution that fits your particular requirements. Our commitment to customer satisfaction, combined with our proven designs and processes, assures the quality you expect from a world-class partner like Alstom Grid. When designing your electrical system, we at Alstom Grid pay special attention to environmental concerns. We are pioneers of eco-design, meaning that environmental considerations are taken into account right from the design stage to reduce the ecological footprint of the components or entire products. Typical power plant electrical system A single contact for a complete package Alstom Grid provides a full range of advanced electrical and control systems all from a single source. Whatever your project to purchase a complete solution for a new installation, refurbish and optimise an existing plant, ensure compliance with new requirements, or enhance performance in generation, trading, scheduling and efficiency monitoring Alstom Grid is the perfect partner for your electrical systems. Alstom Grid capabilities Electrical equipment for power plants Turnkey electrical balance of plant (ebop) Step-up generator and auxiliary transformers Generator circuit breakers Generator and transformer protection relays Grid connection Turnkey HV substations Complete range of HV products and transformers Substation automation solutions and generation management systems Power system design and grid studies Turnkey solutions Service A full palette of services to maximise the availability and reliability of the electrical systems Alstom Grid 3
Whatever type of power generation... Unlike other renewable energy sources, hydro schemes offer little flexibility once the project has started, so making the right choices from the outset is crucial. At the same time, hydro is the longest established large-scale renewable solution, so as older installations are renewed, operators can retrofit modern equipment meeting the latest standards and performance criteria. Conventional hydro Most hydro power is generated by releasing water from a dam to drive the turbines. The amount of potential energy that can be produced depends on the hydraulic head - the height difference between the source and the turbine. The greater the head, the less water needed to generate a given amount of electricity. The world s biggest power plant, China s 22.2 GW Three Gorges Dam, has a maximum head of 113m. The dam gives a hydro plant a unique storage capacity in electricity production, allowing output to be boosted quickly in response to demand fluctuations. Pumped storage Pumped storage is the largest and most cost-effective means of storing energy for electricity grids. It is an economically and environmentally efficient means of stabilising supply. Pumped storage uses off-peak electricity to pump water from lower to higher reservoirs when demand is low. It sends this water from the higher to the lower reservoir via a turbine to generate electricity when demand increases. Pumped storage is gaining interest as part of an integrated solution to smooth out the fluctuations inevitable with wind power and other intermittent sources, since it can use their production at times of high output and low demand. Run-of-the-river Run-of-the-river hydro power is well-suited to decentralised production and has low environmental impact. Plants use little or no storage and do not alter flow or water levels. They are located at the lowest possible level to gain maximum head on the turbine, and after passing through the plant, the water returns to the river without altering the existing flow or water levels. Some plants that do have a dam are still described as run-of-the-river because they only have a very small reservoir, and involve minimal or no flooding. Alstom Grid has over 40 years experience of hydro generation and we provide optimal solutions for the ebop (electrical balance of the plant), power trains and grid connections. 4 Alstom Grid
Electrical solutions HYDRO POWER...Alstom Grid is your best solution End-to-end network design Engineering, network analysis and feasibility studies, electrical equipment design, HV substation design Turnkey ebop + substations Project management Complete and comprehensive services Alstom Grid is your ideal partner for all types of power generation projects. Our highly-trained and seasoned project managers will scope your solution from beginning to end, including how your power plant will fit in the network. Electrical engineers in our Network Consulting department create the most logical, cost-effective and ecological transmission evacuation system moving the energy from your generation point to end users. They will develop the entire scheme to move your generated energy to its distribution points using virtual simulation and short-circuit studies. In doing so, they integrate cutting-edge technologies and ensure that losses are kept to an absolute minimum. Alstom Grid solutions are also adapted to meet the growing demand and anticipate future developments, assuring your network has a long life cycle. Project management has quality assurance high on its list. With Alstom Grid s project management know-how and experience, you know that your network is in safe hands, that skilled people are doing the work, that the highest standards and values are being applied to ensure that your system will operate exactly as designed. That is what working with the Alstom Grid team is all about. We demand the highest standards of safety and quality from our people, and we accompany you throughout the entire life of your equipment/infrastructure with complete and comprehensive services. When you choose Alstom Grid, you choose: The collective skills and knowledge of our people The combined return-on-experience from thousands of substation installations around the world In-depth understanding of electrical system operator requirements Environment, health and safety training often surpassing international standards Management of interfaces between our electrical equipment solution and the civil works, logistics and utilities required to create a complete operating asset Tailored electrical solutions that take into account your plant lay-out and the anticipated generator performance Our global footprint enables us to provide a local team trained to global standards that can connect your power plant to the grid efficiently and reliably. Alstom Grid 5
ebop the arteries of power plants...and The electrical balance of plant systems (ebop) supplies vital power to run the plant, supplying power to all plant auxiliaries. It is key to the efficient, reliable power plant operation. Alstom Grid can offer you complete ebop solutions for all power plant types. Using innovative electrical power applications, we can build and maintain a safe and efficient power system you can depend on, day in, day out. Protection and control equipment The Alstom Grid range of protection relays offers a comprehensive solution for all power train and ebop applications covering generator, transformer, feeder, motor, and busbar protection applications. MiCOM P40 protection relays have a large number of years of experience in the field with over 100,000 MiCOM P40 series relays sold worldwide since 1999. Numerous integrated communication protocols allow easy interfacing to substation control or SCADA systems. From simple wired serial buses to Ethernet station and process bus architectures with IEC61850 MiCOM protection, Alstom Grid has the solution. The MiCOM P34x generator protection range of relays provides protection for a wide range of applications from small generator and generator-transformer applications to large generators. The top range P345 model includes a comprehensive range of protection required for large generators such as pole slipping, 100% stator earth fault using 3rd harmonic voltage and low frequency injection methods. The P346 is an economical solution for smaller generators or generator transformer protection, providing differential protection of the generator and transformer, plus standard generator and transformer protection functions in one box as well as transformer condition monitoring features, such as transformer top oil and hot spot temperature, through fault and loss of life functions. For the step-up and auxiliary transformer protection the P64x transformer protection range is available, which offers differential protection for 2, 3 or 5 winding transformer and generator-transformer applications, plus all the standard transformer protection and condition monitoring functions required. Power transformers Alstom Grid is a world leader in power transformers. Generator step-up transformers are constantly faced with voltage changes, either due to load rejection or switching operations, followed by generator over excitation. They must also withstand over-loads, so winding gradients must be adjusted and the cooling capacity remain sufficient. The high rated currents require absolute control of the magnetic field inside the tank to avoid localised overheating of associated metallic parts. All of these situations are taken into account during the design process of your unit. Generator step-up transformers require very specific know-how, production equipment and testing capabilities, as high or very high voltage and rated power are often required. We have supplied step-up generator transformers up to 1,100 MVA 420 kv (three-phase) and 245 MVA 765 kv. Over and above standard transformers, we can provide you with hermetic transformers, boasting a substantially longer service life. Our transformers can be filled with biodegradable vegetable oil on request. 6 Alstom Grid
Electrical solutions HYDRO POWER Power train solutions, the vital link The power train is vital to power plant operation because it connects the generator to the high voltage substation. Whatever the size of your power plant, Alstom Grid can provide a turnkey or a packaged solution including step-up generator and auxiliary transformers, insulated phase busducts, generator circuit breakers, and associated protection relays. Generator circuit breakers Whether for installation in new power plants or to refurbish existing ones, Alstom Grid offers you the perfect generator circuit breakers solution for power plants up to 50,000 A, the fruit of over 40 year s experience and with more than 2,000 generator circuit breakers installed worldwide. The SF6 generator circuit breakers range up to 28,000 A, and are equipped with a fully spring-operated mechanism providing total reliability. All generator circuit breakers, in full compliance with the latest IEC and IEEE C37.013 norms, are designed to meet the customers specific needs: FKG2: up to 9,500 A, 80 ka, for generators up to 200 MW FKG1: up to 28,000 A, 160 ka for generators up to 1,000 MW. It comes with breaker natural cooling up to 21,000 A and an enhanced cooling system for higher ratings The FKG2 and FKG1N generator circuit breakers are also available without enclosure, ideal for retrofit applications For pump storage power plants, Alstom Grid offers a complete solution for the Example of pump storage power plant solution (3 phases & 2 phases) Transformer Side Back-to-Back Switch 3 poles Phases L1-L2-L3 C 2 poles Phases L2-L3* Phase Reversal Switch generator circuit breaker. Phase reverse, braking, starting and back-to-back disconnectors. For this specific application, the circuit breaker will be warranted for 20,000 operations (mechanical close-open). Our continuous generator circuit breaker monitoring system optimises your generator circuit breakers and extends asset lifetimes. Generator Circuit Breaker Starting Switch Braking Switch Generator Side Continuous power transformer monitoring In order to provide decision-making support for power transformers, Alstom Grid provides a comprehensive and intelligent solution M3000 to monitor all main components. Modular and flexible, M3000 is suitable for all new and existing transformers, independent of the manufacturer and application. Benefits Exact statements about the operating condition Early detection of incipient faults Avoidance of failures, outages and collateral damage Reduction of life cycle costs Characteristics Report generator Dissolved-Gas Analysis (DGA) tool Simulator Sophisticated modelling Multi-lingual, user-friendly and interactive visualisation Alstom Grid 7
Exit substations: doorway to the network The high voltage exit substation connects the power plant to the network. This, too, is an Alstom Grid strength, having built over 3,500 turnkey delivery substations worldwide. In addition to our engineering and project management capabilities, we manufacture all key elements of the substation in our globally based manufacturing facilities. Alstom Grid offers a broad range of state-of-the-art high voltage equipment, with standard designs up to 765 kv, and higher voltages are available for particular needs. Our complete range of high voltage equipment includes: Dead-tank or live-tank circuit breakers equipped with a spring operating mechanism for absolute reliability A range of disconnectors (centre-break, knee-type, etc.), acknowledged worldwide for their quality and safety Instrument transformers with oil or SF6 insulation, or optical current transformers Condition monitoring to switch from a time-based maintenance to a condition-based maintenance RPH synchronisation relays on circuit breakers to synchronise operations according to network voltage, avoiding stress to the substation s equipment Compact solutions When space or local ambient conditions matter, compact gas-insulated substations (GIS), equipped with a spring operating mechanism, are available. Since 1965, our GIS have been in use worldwide with consistent success. Alstom Grid has delivered more than 1,000 substations, comprising over 10,000 bays, which have been successfully installed on all five continents and under all environmental conditions. 8 Alstom Grid
Electrical solutions HYDRO POWER GIS We offer GIS substations up to 550 kv, 63 ka and 5,000 A, indoor or outdoor. Benefits Compact High performance Superior reliability thanks to its proven design Minimal spring operating mechanism maintenance Minimum service reductions during repair and extension thanks to its design and gas partitioning Characteristics Up to 550 kv, 63 ka, 5,000 A Circuit breaker spring operating mechanism with extensive service references Highly reliable sealing technology, aluminum tanks, current transformer outside SF6 ES independent of DS Reliable and simple internal arc localisation Monitoring Despite its already superior levels, GIS availability can be further enhanced by means of condition monitoring. Our modern GIS monitoring systems are digital and monitor many parameters. They anticipate events, which bring the advantage of predictives, instead of preventive maintenance. Protection & control We deliver complete systems for the protection and control of high voltage substations, from switchgear protection relays to bay controllers, gateways and all the necessary control and configuration software tools. PACiS digital control systems Protection and control integrated solution for substations, tailored to real needs. GIL We also provide the gas-insulated lines (GIL) in trenches, galleries, buried or above the ground to enable optimal connections to overhead lines and power transformers. Benefits Security: dedicated to substation automation Reliability: a proven system used throughout the world Economics: a scalable native IEC 61850 solution tailored to real demands and supported by advanced engineering tools Characteristics Scalable architecture: Simple/redundant, centralised/ distributed New substations/retrofit schemes Scalable communication: Based on standards (IEC 61850, IEC 60870, DNP, MODBUS, OPC) Ring, star, WAN Ethernet switch redundancy and integration, with less than 1 ms switchover A worldwide solution supported by local engineering teams Alstom Grid 9
Energy management systems Alstom Grid offers SCADA and generation management systems for power plants, including a state-ofthe-art user interface and portfolio management capabilities. Benefits State-of-the-art Plant Information Management applications: Integrated plant condition-based maintenance tools Plant output and emissions monitoring Integrated energy (gas, steam and electricity) and emissions optimisation Plant contract financial settlement Plant portfolio management tools Alstom Grid automation technology leveraged for the generation market Advanced visualisation tools for situation awareness Service-orientated architectures for plant I&C integration into the financial back office Use of complex optimisation schemes in real-time Characteristics Plant scheduling and optimisation: e-terracommit: For optimised combined steam and electricity generation to optimise electricity production scheduling Plant real-time dispatching: e-terrageneration: intra-day plant economic dispatch, active and reactive power sharing e-terrascada/browser: supervisory control, tagging & SoE (Sequence of Events), historical data recording, automated control sequence, visualisation, etc. Plant contract management and trading: For trading and scheduling, for settling complex plant contractual commitments, tracking emission registries Services Alstom Grid offers innovative, sustainable, high quality service solutions in order to optimise your electrical infrastructure, heighten your return on investment and support your assets life cycle. Power system analysis and engineering To plan new installations or to improve the performances of existing power plants through an upgrade or an expansion, our Network Consulting experts support customers in analysing, specifying and designing network systems to meet customer specific requirements. The conducted studies allow them to take the appropriate decision to set up an effective network. Asset management and maintenance With the goal of improving efficiencies and downtimes while lowering costs, operators have to get the most of their equipment in the long term. Alstom Grid supports its customers in this challenge by providing Long Term Maintenance, a set of tailored expert services executed on a multiyear partnership. Our partnership is comprehensive to fit with specific needs. It can include strategic spare parts management, scheduled inspections (oil analysis, vibration measurements, thermographs etc.) and condition-based maintenance with remote monitoring systems. Renovation, Modernisation and Extension (RME) High voltage substations and generator circuit breakers are critical for a power plant s reliability and network performance. After decades of operations, operators may foresee risks of increasing failure rate. They may also address the need for evolving power demand or the need for standard or technological enhancement. Service experts answer this challenge by providing RME to give a second life to their equipment. It can include complete substation refurbishement, equipment replacement, transformer mid-life overhaul, GCB forklift upgrade, electrical ratings increase and add-on technologies such as condition monitoring. 10 Alstom Grid
Electrical solutions HYDRO POWER Worldwide presence in hydro power plants USA Alstom Grid provided 16 generator circuit breakers to replace old ones for the St. Lawrence - Franklin D. Roosevelt hydro power plant (800 MW) for the New York Power Authority Switzerland Alstom Grid provided 13 bays of GIS 245 kv and 20 bays of AIS 245 kv to the Riddes hydro power plant (225 MW) in Switzerland for Forces motrices de Mauvoisin Tajikistan Alstom Grid provided 220 kv GIS substations to Nurek hydro power plant (3,000 MW) in Tajikistan for Barki Tajik China Alstom Grid provided three bays of 550 kv GIS to the Xiangshuijian pump storage power plant (4 x 250 MW) in Anhui Province, China for the State Grid Xin Yuan company Panamá Alstom Grid supplies the equipment package, engineering and supervision for Baitún (2 x 35 MW) and Bajo de Mina (2 x 27 MW) in Panama for Cilsa Panamá, S.A. (IDEAL) Brazil Alstom Grid provided six generator transformers (679 MVA 18 kv / 525 kv) and the turnkey 500 kv GIS substation to UHE Belo Monte (11,000 MW) in Brazil for Consorcio Norte Energia SA Brazil Alstom Grid provided nine generator transformers (330 MVA 13.8 kv / 550 kv), 500 kv AIS product packages, electrical auxiliary systems and 24 generator circuit breakers to UHE Santo Antonio (3,000 MW) in Brazil for Consorcio CNO Santo Antonio Energia India Alstom Grid provided 18 bays of 420 kv GIS and 7 bays of 132 kv to Subansiri hydro power plant (8 x 250 MW) in Arunachal Pradesh, India New Zealand Alstom Grid provided the generation control system for 2,500 MW of hydro and wind power in New Zealand for Meridian Energy Technical training and competence development Our customised training programs help your employees handle your operations more effectively. Our hands-on courses enable your staff to apply their new expertise from day one. Most training programs are certified by national institutions and carry the ISO 9001 certification. The high value courses encompass all aspects of electricity from fundamentals to in-depth equipment and solution knowledge. The Technical Institute Centre provides personalised competence development programs with knowledge certification. Alstom Grid 11
Grid-Sector-L1-Hydro_plants-2723-2011_09-EN ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited. Alstom Grid Worldwide Contact Centre www.alstom.com/grid/contactcentre/ Tel: +44 (0) 1785 250 070 www.alstom.com