The digestive system Medicine and technology Normal structure and function Diagnostic methods Example diseases and therapies
The digestive system An overview (1) Oesophagus Liver (hepar) Biliary system Pancreas Stomach Duodenum Small intestine Large intestine Rectum
The digestive system An overview (2) Nerve plexa Mucosa Inner muscle layer Outer muscle layer Mesentery
The digestive system Blood flow
The digestive system Nerve supply
The digestive system The four basic functions Motility Regulation Secretion Digestion Absorption
Motility
Secretion og absorption
Digestion and absorption
Regulation Luminal Endocrine Nervous Paracrine
The digestive system Main diagnostic methods Basic clinical examination Radiology Endoscopies Other methods
Gastrointestinal radiology - basic (1)
Gastrointestinal radiology - basic (2) CT upper abd-normal Ultrasound upper abd-normal
Gastrointestinal endoscopy - basic (1)
Gastrointestinal endoscopy - basic (2) Biopsy forceps Snare Hemoclip
Gastrointestinal endoscopy - Taking a biopsy -
Gastrointestinal endoscopy the diatermy principle Both mono- and bipolar systems can be used for cutting or coagulation or as mixed modes Coagulation mode Interrupted current (50-100) Square pulses Cutting mode Continous current Sinus mode
Other methods one example (1a) Small intestinal examination - enterocapsule
Other methods another example (1b) Small intestinal examination ballon enteroscope
Other methods yet another example (2a) Manometry and ph in the oesophagus
Other methods the latest for ph (2b) Wireless logging of ph in the oesophagus
Oesophagus, stomach and duodenum
Oesophagus (1) - normal
Oesophagus (2) reflux oesophagitis Oesophagitis Barrett Stenosis
Oesophagus (3) reflux oesophagitis - Laparoscopic surgery -
Oesophagus (4) reflux and stricture - Endoscopic dilatation -
Oesophagus (5) - cancer
Oesophagus (6) - cancer - Staging by endoscopic ultrasound - Normal ultrasound image Lymph node metastasis M SM MP S
Oesophagus (7) - cancer - Palliative stenting -
Stomach normal anatomy
Stomach normal endoscopy
Gastric ulcer (1)
Gastric ulcer (2) The major complications Bleeding Perforation Obstruction
Gastric ulcer (3) bleeding Arterial bleeding Injection therapy The hemoclip
Gastric ulcer (4) argon plasma
Gastric ulcer (5) - perforation
Gastric ulcer (6) - obstruction
The cause of the classic peptic ulcer Helicobacter pylori Eradication (A) or not (B)
Gastric cancer (1) - diagnosis
Gastric cancer (2) - therapy
Duodenum (normal)
Duodenum (ulcer)
Duodenum (what is this?)
The small intestine
The normal small intestine Barium double contrast X-ray
Crohn s disease of the small intestine Barium X-ray Enteroscopy
Diagnosis by capsule endoscopy Bleeding Stricture
Patient with weight loss and diarrhea (1) Healthy person This patient
Patient with weight loss and diarrhea (2) Healthy person
Large intestine and rectum
Large intestine normal anatomy
Rectum normal anatomy
The appendix
Laparoscopic appendectomy An example of minimally invasive surgery
Ulcerative colitis
Polyps of the colon and polypectomy
Cancer of the colon Colonoscopy X-ray
Cancer of the colon surgical assessment
Liver and the biliary system
Liver (1) normal
Liver (2) normal
Liver (cirrhosis)
Liver (portal hypertension) Endoscopy Schematic Band ligation
Regional anatomy of the Duodenum-pancreas-biliary system
Ultrasound gallbladder
Papilla Vateri From above From below
Endoscopic findings - papilla Vateri Hemobilia Cancer Cholangitis
Biliary cannulation through the papilla Vateri
Endoscopic papillotomy (1)
Endoscopic papillotomy (2) Cannulation Incision
Stone extraction
ERCP, papillotomy, stone extraction
Stent - malignant obstruction of the bile ducts (1)
Stent - malignant obstruction of the bile ducts (2)