WhiteSpace Enabled Rural Broadband to Cognitive M2M Dr. Apurva N. Mody, Chairman, WhiteSpace Alliance Chair, IEEE 802.22 Working Group apurva.mody@whitespacealliance.org apurva.mody@ieee.org www.whitespacealliance.org +1-404-819-0314 www.whitespacealliance.org Page 1
Developing Countries - 15 Years have Passed by Talking about Digital Divide We have been talking about bridging this digital divide for more than fifteen years The UN ICT Task Force was created by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan in November 2001, acting upon a request by the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) dated July 11, 2000, with an initial term of mandate of three years (until the end of 2004). In November 2002 Kofi Annan issued a Challenge to Silicon Valley to create suitable systems at prices low enough to permit deployment everywhere, whether through international aid programs, NGOs, charities, or microcredit support. UN Information and Communications Technologies Task Force: Link Page 2
Worldwide Opportunity 3.5 Billion Customers PROVIDING COST-EFFECTIVE BROADBAND AVAILABILITY IS A SIGNIFICANT OPPORTUNITY According to a recent survey, 73% of the world population (5.1 Billion people) has No Internet Access 49.5% of the 7 Billion people in the world (~3.5 Billion) live in rural areas. It is expensive to lay fiber / cable in rural and remote areas with low population density. Wireless is the most economically viable solution Urban areas can also benefit from the WhiteSpace Solutions (e. g. off-loading cellular traffic, smart grid solutions etc.) WhiteSpace Alliance has the technology that addresses this opportunity Page 3
Spectrum Sharing, A Digital Opportunity Developed Countries: More than 500 MHz of spectrum will be required before 2020 to support emerging wireless broadband services and applications. Developing Countries: Cost effective broadband access is still a challenge in rural areas and developing countries. Spectrum sharing can create tomorrow s spectrum superhighways. It supports licensed, license-exempt and hierarchical access business models Technologies such as Cognitive Radios, and Database Enabled spectrum access exists Regulations to support spectrum sharing are developing. Page 4
Relative Cost and Complexity of Various Technologies for Rural and Regional Area Broadband Service Relative Relative complexity Relative Complexity complexity/cost & cost and per Cost subscriber (%) (%) (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Sparsely populated Mobile broadband Fixed broadband at lower frequency Satellite Rural Canada ADSL Cable modem b 0 0.0 M 0.1 1 10 100 1, 000 10, 000 100, 000 Suburban Population density density (per km 2 ) 4 W Base Station Satellite Wi-FAR 100 W Base Station ADSL, Cable, ISM and UNII Wireless and Optical Fiber 4 W User terminal FCC Definition of Rural Courtesy: Gerald Chouinard: gerald.chouinard@crc.ca Page 5 Urban Optical fiber Dense urban www.crc.ca 2.4 M 2.0 M 1.6 M 1.2 M 0.8 M 0.4 M Population per density bin (Million)
TV Band WhiteSpaces: An Enabler VHF / UHF bands traditionally reserved to broadcasters have highly favorable propagation characteristics. Penetrating through foliage and structures, they reach far and wide The worldwide move from analog to digital TV frees up spectrum creating what is called WhiteSpaces These WhiteSpaces will deliver quality high speed internet access WhiteSpaces offer ten times the coverage and Twice the capacity of the Wi-Fi spectrum Page 6
WhiteSpace Alliance www.whitespacealliance.org Government / NGO / Academia Service / Content providers Broadcasters / network operators Network Equipment Providers OEMs Chipset Vendors Systems Integrators WhiteSpace Alliance is a technology neutral organization It promotes the use of unused and under-utilized spectrum WSA engages in technology development and market awareness activities. This includes Pilot programs for early access to nascent markets. The Alliance creates and simplifies standards WSA will conduct programs for interoperability and certification between products WSA plans to adopt IEEE, IETF and 3GPP Standards for use in the WhiteSpaces. Page 7
WhiteSpace Alliance is a Global Organization TVWS Workshop (India) With TV Broadcasters Super WiFi Summit Austin, Tx, and Las Vegas, USA Page 8
WhiteSpace Alliance at Super Wi-Fi Summit Page 9
WhiteSpace Alliance Goals: Develop standards and specifications necessary to provide economical broadband access Create an open forum for manufacturers and operators to network and define an inter-operable platform Provide certification and testing of devices based on the WhiteSpace Alliance technical protocols Enable database compliance and interoperability for devices Improve deployment and operating practices through education and support programs to reduce the installation learning curve Create a well-known WhiteSpace brand for the ecosystem Page 10
WhiteSpace Alliance TV Band Solutions WhiteSpace Alliance technologies offer simultaneous capabilities High Speed Broadband Access Low cost Long Range True Non Line of Sight (NLoS) Operation Propagation through Vegetation and Structures Interference Awareness Coexistence and Interoperability Regulatory database access Speeds that Scale WhiteSpace Bands Up to 30,000 sq. km per BS Up to 1 Gbps Total Capacity Speeds that Really Scale 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 5.8 GHz WhiteSpace Alliance Solutions Up to 100 km NLoS through Vegetation WhiteSpace Alliance Solutions Simultaneously Provide ALL these Capabilities Coverage: Up to 30,000 sq. km with one Base Station Page 11
WSA Simplifies Standards, Creates Inter-operability, Certification and Testing Program, Helps Create Regulations WSA Wi-FAR Interoperability Specification Derived from the IEEE 802.22-2011 Standard on Wireless Regional Area Networks. Wi-FAR provides Point to Multi-Point and Backhaul Broadband Wireless Access Under Line of Sight (LoS) and Non Line of Sight (NLoS) Conditions. Optimized OFDMA waveform (similar to the OFDMA technology used in other broadband standards). 22 to 29 Mbps of aggregated throughput per TV Channel and support 512 devices. 10 km up to 30 km. In future, Double the throughput to at least 40 Mbps per 6 MHz TV Channel, include MIMO, Channel Aggregation, Channel Bonding, high rate modulation and coding as well as support for up to 2500 users per channel. WSAConnect Interoperability Specification The WSAConnect interoperability specification is derived from the IETF Protocol to Access White Spaces (PAWS) Standard. The specification is currently being developed within the WSA and is likely to be published to the members by Q3 of 2014. In future, it will be enhanced to address the requirements of the 3.5 GHz Spectrum Access System (SAS) Page 12
Leverage the Emerging Marketplace as a Technology Neutral Organization WhiteSpace Alliance will adopt, create and simplify Standards based protocols and waveforms for deployment in WhiteSpaces. Some of the standards based solutions may include: IEEE 802.22-2011 Standard which is the First IEEE 802 Standard: Specific for WhiteSpace operation, Designed for rural and regional area broadband access, Has all the required Cognitive Radio features. 802.22 WG is the recipient of the prestigious IEEE Emerging Technology Award IEEE 802.11af Wi-Fi specification for TV Band WhiteSpaces 3GPP LTE WhiteSpace Alliance plans to complement the offering in higher density areas and offload the current market applications using 4G technologies such as 3GPP LTE. WhiteSpace Alliance recognizes the world-wide move towards 3GPP LTE as a 4G technology of choice, which can be deployed in WhiteSpaces. IEEE 802.16 - WhiteSpace Alliance may also adopt solutions based on the IEEE 802.16 technology where significant investment has been made, and a mature ecosystem exists. IEEE 802.19.1 WhiteSpace Co-existence Solutions IETF Protocol to Access WhiteSpaces (PAWS) Page 13
WhiteSpace Alliance General Value Proposition WhiteSpace Ecosystem Silicon and Chipset Vendors OEM and Equipment Manufacturers Database Service Providers Content Providers Internet Service Providers Broadband Policy/ Govt/ Regulatory/ NGOs Gain market lead with access to draft standards and specifications before they are made public Members gain the ability to collectively educate and seed the market for WhiteSpace solutions and services and improve Return on Investment (ROI) Gain confidence in vendor interoperability through certification and interoperability testing Page 14
WhiteSpace Applications Intelligent Transportation System Spectrum Characterization and Occupancy Sensing (SCOS) - IoT Internet of Things (IoT) Smart cities Smart Home Page 15
WhiteSpace Applications Triple play Cellular offload Critical infrastructure monitoring Border protection Environment monitoring Emergency broadband infrastructure Page 16
WSA Focus on Backhaul and Middle Mile There is a urgent need for cost-effective backhaul and middle mile solutions for broadband access in both developed and developing countries Licensed carriers do not want to use their precious spectrum for backhaul. They would rather offload as much as possible to some other spectrum. Page 17
Co-channel keep-out distance WRAN keep-out distance: Minimum field strength: 41 db(uv/m) Protection ratio: 23 db CPE antenna front-to-back: 14 db Interfering field strength: 32 db(uv/m) 118 km DTV TX (1 MW ERP, 300 m) 134.2 km 16.2 km 4 W WSD base station keep-out distance Keep Out Distance Computation between DTV and 4 Watts WhiteSpace Device 41 db(uv/m) F(50, 90) 36.3 db(uv/ m) 16.8 km 4 W WSD Base Station Page 18
DTV Contours and Protection Distances F(10,1) 544 km F(1,1) 612 km F(10,10 ) 457 km F(50,1) 460 km Sensing threshold: S/N = -19 db at sensing detector F(50,10 ) 380 km Required DTV sensing threshold= -114 dbm to compensate for blockage Probability of signal exceeding 19 db(uv/m) = 99.9986% Sensin g CPE DTV TX 118 km Sensing threshold= 22 db below protected field strength level DTV protected noise-limited contour 41 db(uv/m) F(50, 90) Page 19
Mapping of the Television Incumbent Transmitters can be Done Canada, Applications for Rural Broadband in Channels 2-59, November 2006 Page 20
WSA Ongoing Pilot Programs - Brazil Brazil Pilots TVWS Database WhiteSpace Alliance Pilots: Link Page 21
Sensing and Topology Enabled WhiteSpace Database Univ. of Washington, Database Implementation Database implementations in the future will take into account terrain, topology and spectrum sensing. Page 22
Energy - 1dB Pfa=10% 5 ms Energy - 0.5dB Pfa=10% 5 ms Energy - 0dB Pfa=10% 5ms Thomson-Segment Pfa=10% 4 ms I2R Pfa=0.1% 4ms I2R Pfa= 1% 4ms I2R Pfa=10% 4 ms Qualcomm Field Pfa=10% 24 ms Qualcom Field Pfa=1% 24 ms Thomson Field Pfa=10% 24 ms Thomson Field Pfa=1% 24ms Channel Set Management Cognitive Radio Capability Subscriber Registration and Tracking Policies Spectrum Manager Geo-location Self Co-existence TV Channel X Super-frame N (16 Frames) Super-frame N+1 (16 Frames) Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 3 Cell 3 Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 1 Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 3 Data Frames Coexistence Beacon Windows time Incumbent Database Service Spectrum Sensing 100.0% RF sensing performance Incumbent Database Probability of misdetection (Pmd) 10.0% 1.0% 0.1% -26-24 -22-20 -18-16 -14-12 -10-8 -6-4 -2 SNR (db) Page 23
TVWS Regulations Around the World Canada Regulations on-going 80 MHz (Ch. 21-51) have already been open for light-licensing for remote rural broadband access since June 2009. TVWS rules are being harmonized with the rules in the US Brazil DTV transition ongoing. Realizes the importance of broadband for rural (e. g. Res. 558, Operation in USA Regulations 450 470 MHz) completed 470 MHz to 585 MHz available for WhiteSpace Devices. Additional 24 MHz of spectrum in the 600 MHz Bands available. UK Initial Rules Released (July 5 th, 2012) License-exempt database driven approach, different classes of devices, sensing optional ITU Several study groups are discussing cognitive radio based operation. TVWS being discussed in WP1B, WP5A as well as WP6A. EU (CEPT) Discussions ongoing licenseexempt, collaborative sensing, database approaches considered. Variable transmit power based on device capabilities, microphone protection beacon India Discussions on-going 368 380 MHz for rural. Suggestion of 470 MHz 585 MHz for WhiteSpaces. Japan (MIC) Discussions on-going Final rules before 2015. 10 WS projects under way WS Test Area to be allocated Singapore Testing devices on-going (IDA) Final rules before 2015. Database Driven Lightly Licensed Approach Proposed Page 24
TV White Space Trials and Deployments Rural Broadband: United States first TVWS network Claudeville, VA Smart Grid Network Deployment Plumas-Sierra Rural Electric Co-Op, CA More than 30 Successful TV WhiteSpace Pilots Smart City Network Deployment Wilmington, NC Partnership with city and Public Safety Telemedicine Applications hospital campus Logan, OH Tribal and Public Safety Remote Area Deployment Yurok Reservation, Arcata, CA Super WiFi Network Deployment Cambridge, England and 2 Spectrum Bridge networks in Finland In UK, 1-year trial: package of use cases by consortium 14 companies (Microsoft, BT, BBC, Neul, Nokia, Adaptrum) Page 25
Cognitive Machine to Machine (CM2M) 20 Billion machine to machine devices will be deployed by 2020 By 2020 Wireless Technologies are likely to contribute $4.5 Trillion to global economy through organic growth and new disruptive M2M technologies Page 26
WSA Ongoing Pilot Programs Brazil Pilot Program Santa Rita do Sapucai TVWS Radios used in Point to Multi-point configuration to provide broadband access. TVWS Base Station at INATEL India Pilot Program Mumbai and Pune TVWS Radios used in Point to Point configuration to provide backhaul and middle mile solution. Page 27
WSA Ongoing Pilot Programs - India TV channels in India occupy a bandwidth of 7MHz in VHF band or 8 MHz in UHF band. Bands Designations: VHF Band-I of 54-68 MHz, VHF Band- III of 174-230 MHz, and UHF Band-IV of 470-582 MHz. Doordarshan (TV Broadcaster) has 1415 TV transmitters operating in various TV Bands. WSA/ IIT Bombay Research to Map the 1415 TV Transmitters in India WhiteSpace Alliance Pilots: Link Page 28
WhiteSpace Opportunity in India National Optical Fiber Network is a Govt of India initiative to provide broadband access to every village. $5 Billion allocated for this during previous budget for NOFN Middle mile and access solutions are still missing Page 29
WhiteSpace Applications BEFORE Now Rural Broadband and Backhaul Page 30
Emerging India WhiteSpace Opportunity Low latency medium capacity backhaul using TVWS Larger latency higher capacity backhaul using New SATCOM Page 31
How will All This Work? Wait for Regulations or Leap Frog Pilots and Trials in over 20 locations world-wide have shown that Database Enabled Spectrum Sharing in TVWS works. Causes no interference to the primary users. Conduct Pilots for Proof of Concept Regulations Commercial Deployments Public / Govt / Private Partnership a Key Page 32
WhiteSpace Technologies Databases and Radios Indian Fabless Semiconductor company Providing IC/Modules for building next generation 802.22 networks Recognized by EE Times as one of the startups to watch in 2014 Hitachi / NICT TVWS field experiments using IEEE 802.22 and IEEE 802.11af. Successful downstream and upstream data transmission at 12.7 km distance between IEEE 802.22-based base station and customer premises equipment, at a speed of 5.2 Mbps and 4.5Mbps, respectively: Link Page 33
WhiteSpace Technologies Databases and Radios US Japan NICT Hitachi Kokusai IEEE 802.22 Prototype Moving to IEEE 802.22 Page 34
WhiteSpace Technologies Databases and Radios Nutaq 0.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz SDR Platform AmeriSys 802.22 SDR TI / Azcom 802.22 and LTE Solution Page 35
WhiteSpace Alliance Members Page 36
Conclusions Spectrum sharing can benefit developed and developing countries Spectrum sharing can create tomorrow s spectrum super-highways. It supports licensed, license-exempt and hierarchical access business models There is a dire need to resolve cost-effective backhaul and middle mile problem. TV Band WhiteSpaces along with the right technologies offers a way to create digital divide into a digital opportunity. Regulations to support spectrum sharing are evolving.. Products and Solutions based on Technologies and Standards for spectrum Sharing and Database enabled Spectrum Access are emerging IEEE 802.22 (Wi-FAR ) Backhaul and Middle Mile IEEE 802.11af (Wi-Fi ) Last Mile and Access IETF Protocol to Access White Spaces (PAWS) Standard for Database access We urge companies such as yours join the WhiteSpace Alliance to realize this multi-billion Dollar Opportunity Page 37
References PCAST Report Report to the President Realizing Full Potential of the Govt. held Spectrum to Spur Economic Growth http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/ pcast_spectrum_report_final_july_20_2012.pdf Richard Thanki, Economic Significance of License-exempt Spectrum. IEEE 802.22 Working Group Website www.ieee802.org/22 Apurva Mody, Gerald Chouinard, Overview of the IEEE 802.22 Standard on Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN) and Core Technologies http://www.ieee802.org/22/technology/22-10-0073-03-0000-802-22-overview-and-coretechnologies.pdf United States Federal Communications Commission www.fcc.gov United Kingdom Office of Communications (OfCom) - www.ofcom.org.uk Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan, http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/releases/telecommunications/ 110408_b.html www.whitespacealliance.org Hitachi Kokusai NICT Field Trials of IEEE 802.22 and IEEE 802.11af technologies: Link Page 38
Singapore Oct. 29-30, 2014 Page 39