New York State Trends in Student Financial Aid and Cost of Attendance

New York State Trends in Student Financial Aid and Cost of Attendance Presented to the Higher Education Committee of the New York State Board of Regents January 10, 2011 Joseph Frey Glenwood Rowse Office of Higher Education 1

U.S. College Graduation Rates Have Stagnated Relative To The Rest Of The Developed World % 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 College and university graduation rates in 1995 and 2006 (first time graduation) 1995 2006 2006 1995 Decline in relative 2 nd 15 th position of U.S. from 1995 to 2006 Are problems with college costs and student aid part of the reason? 0 Iceland1 Australia1 New Zealand1 Finland1 Poland1 Denmark1 Netherlands1 Norway1 Sweden1 Italy Ireland United Kingdom1 Japan OECD average Israel United States EU19 average Canada1,2 Slovak Republic1 Portugal1 Spain Hungary Switzerland1 1. Net graduation rate is calculated by summing the graduation rates by single year of age in 2006. 2. Year of reference 2005. Countries are ranked in descending order of the graduation rates for tertiary type A education in 2006. Source: OECD. Table A3.2 See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2008) Czech Republic1 Austria1 Germany1 Slovenia Greece1 Turkey 2

What are the factors we need to understand and address? Today Sticker Price and Total Cost of Attendance Student Aid Net Price and Loan Burden Next Steps Cost of Providing Instruction Policy Levers the Regents may Employ:. Legislation state and federal. Regulations state and federal. Communication. Bully Pulpit. Master Planning 3

Percent of Full-time, First-time Students Receiving Any Grant Aid New York State and USA, 2008-09 100% Total Four-Year Institutions Two-Year Institutions 80% 75% 71% 67% 64% 82% 82% 85% 71% 69% 84% 89% 80% 69% 60% 59% 40% 20% 0% Total New York USA Public Proprietary Public Proprietary SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009, Student Financial Aid component 4

Rank 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Dist of Columbia 108.2 Vermont 81.7 1 2 Dist of Columbia Vermont Washington New Jersey New York Indiana Pennsylvania 63.7 61.8 66.6 64.9 76.5 3 4 5 6 Washington New Jersey New York Indiana Illinois North Carolina Minnesota Connecticut Delaw are Wisconsin California Iow a West Virginia Virginia Maryland 46.9 42.7 40.7 39.7 37.2 36.8 36.7 36.1 57.5 57.4 57.2 #5 New York Provides $650 in Need- Based Grants for every $1,000 of Pell available. 7 Pennsylvania Colorado Massachusetts Oklahoma 35.1 34.4 33.5 8 9 10 Illinois North Carolina Minnesota Oregon Kentucky Texas Ohio Missouri Maine Rhode Island South Carolina 33 32.9 31.9 29.6 26.7 23.4 23.2 22.6 State Need-Based Grant Dollars as a % of Federal Pell Grant Dollars Nevada Tennessee New Mexico 21.2 19.9 16.9 2008-09 Michigan 14.2 Nebraska 14.1 Florida 13.5 Kansas 12.7 Arkansas 12.6 Louisiana Alaska Montana North Dakota New Hampshire Arizona Alabama Utah Haw aii Idaho Mississippi Wyom ing South Dakota Georgia 9.9 9.6 9.2 8.5 8.3 6.7 6.3 5.2 4.2 2.8 1 0.8 0.4 0.2 5

Trends in Tuition and Fees and Maximum TAP and Pell Grants Four-Year Institutions SUNY CUNY Two-Year Institutions SUNY CUNY All Institutions Proprietary % Change 2006 2006-07 2010-11 to 2010 State Operated* Tuition&Fees $5,576 $6,414 15.0% Max TAP $4,350 $4,895 12.5% Senior Colleges Tuition&Fees $4,318 $4,975 15.2% Max TAP $4,000 $4,525 13.1% Four-Year Tuition&Fees $25,925 $31,693 22.2% Max TAP $5,000 $4,925-1.5% Community Colleges Tuition&Fees $3,385 $4,000 18.2% Max TAP $3,053 $3,443 12.8% Community Colleges Tuition&Fees $3,089 $3,489 12.9% Max TAP $2,800 $3,075 9.8% Two-Year Tuition&Fees $10,151 $11,751 15.8% Max TAP $5,000 $3,925-21.5% Two-Year Tuition&Fees $14,113 $15,906 12.7% Max TAP $5,000 $3,925-21.5% All Sectors Max Pell $4,050 $5,550 37.0% *Does not include State Statutory Colleges due to their much higher tuition and fees. ** For 2010-11, the maximum TAP award was reduced to $4000 for 2-year and Proprietary colleges except for nursing program students. All awards were then reduced an additional $75. Source: NYSED, Office of Research and Information Systems, December 2010. 6

Living Arrangements of Full-time, First-time Instate Students Receiving Grant Aid, 2008-09 SUNY CUNY 100% Four-Year Institutions Two-Year Institutions 80% 80% 75% 67% 60% 56% 40% 20% 0% On Campus 31% 33% 22% 13% 8% 4% 6% 3% 3% 0% 0% 0% With Family Unknown On Campus With Family Unknown SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009, Student Financial Aid component 7

New York State Trends in Cost of Attendance Measures % Change 2006 Four-Year Institutons 2006-07 2010-11 to 2010 On Campus Students SUNY State Operated Colleges Avg Tuition and Fees $5,576 $6,414 15.0% Rm&Board+Books&Other $11,303 $13,670 20.9% Total Cost* $16,879 $20,084 19.0% Max TAP and Pell $8,400 $10,445 24.3% Net Cost after Max TAP & Pell $8,479 $9,639 13.7% Avg Institutional Grants*** $2,575 $3,225 25.2% Net Cost after Public & Inst.Grants $5,904 $6,414 8.6% Net % of Total Cost 35% 32% Bottom Line: Is this amount affordable for low income families to sustain over four or five years with the help of work/study, taking loans or other means? Total Expenses include tuition and fees, room and board, books and supplies, and other living expenses such as transportation. The average institutional grant used was an average across all income groups and living arrangements. Thus, it is unclear what a specific income group or a student living at home or on-campus would receive. Source: NYSED, Office of Research and Information Systems, December 2010. 8

Net Price after Public and Institutional Grants At Four-Year Institutions, 2010-11 $(5,000) $- $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 $25,000 $30,000 $35,000 On-Campus Students On-Campus Students SUNY State Operated $9,639 $6,414 4-Year $14,675 After Max TAPandPell After Public&InstGrants* $31,675 Students Living at Home Students Living at Home SUNY State Operated $2,588 $(637) CUNY Senior Colleges $(2,376) 4-Year $1,859 $10,831 $27,831 Students Living Off-campus, Not at Home Students Living Off-campus, Not at Home CUNY Senior Colleges $9,219 $4,984 Total Expenses include tuition and fees, room and board, books and supplies, and other living expenses such as transportation. The average institutional grant used was an average across all income groups and living arrangements. Thus, it was likely an underestimate for low income groups and an overestimate for students living at home. 9 Source: NYSED, Office of Research and Information Systems, December 2010.

Net Price after Public and Institutional Grants* At Two-Year Institutions, 2010-11 ($5,000) $0 $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 $25,000 $30,000 $35,000 SUNY CC CUNY CC Proprietary Students Living at Home Students Living at Home $(325) $(348) $1,733 $1,952 After Max TAPandPell After Public&InstGrants* $8,819 $5,307 $13,366 $11,484 Students Living Off-campus, Not at Home Students Living Off-campus, Not at Home SUNY CC CUNY CC Proprietary $7,809 $5,750 $9,371 $7,071 $16,817 $13,305 $21,773 $19,891 Note: The same average of institutional grants irrespective of family income or living arrangements was applied for both living arrangements for each sector. Source: NYSED, Office of Research and Information Systems, December 2010. 10

The Chance of College for all Ninth Graders By age 19 by State: 2008-09 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% South Dakota 1 Minnesota 2 New Jersey 3 Massachusetts 4 North Dakota 5 Iow a 6 Connecticut 7 Nebraska 8 New Hampshire 9 Pennsylvania 10 Wisconsin 11 Kansas 12 Virginia 13 Maine 14 Rhode Island 15 New York New York 16 Missouri 17 Arkansas 18 U.S. Average Missouri 48 34.5% Alaska 49 30.1% Nevada 50 26.4% Source: Tom Mortenson, Postsecondary Opportunity. 53.2% 52.0% 51.4% 50.6% 50.6% 49.7% 48.6% 48.2% 47.8% 47.1% 47.0% 46.8% 44.0% 59.6% 59.1% 58.2% 57.5% 55.4% 54.0% NYS ranked 16 th nationally This measure is fall first-time students enrolled anywhere in the U.S. / 9 th graders 4 years earlier. 11

College Participation Rates for Dependent Undergraduates from Low Income Families by State: 2008-09 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% New Hampshire 1 Iow a 2 Pennsylvania 3 New Jersey 4 New York Massachusetts 5 New York 6 Michigan 7 Nebraska 8 Vermont 9 Ohio 10 U.S. Average 25.7% Texas 41 20.1% Washington 42 20.3% Haw aii 43 17.6% Oklahoma 44 17.6% Arizona 45 17.4% New Mexico 46 17.3% Louisiana 47 17.2% Utah 48 16.3% Wyoming 49 13.9% Nevada 50 13.4% Alaska 51 6.5% Source: Tom Mortenson, Postsecondary Opportunity. 39.4% 38.3% 37.3% 36.3% 36.1% 34.7% 34.4% 34.2% 33.7% 35.7% NYS ranked 6 th nationally This measure estimates the share of low income students who reached college between the ages of 18 and 24. It is the ratio of dependent Pell grant recipients to 4 th thru 9 th grade enrollments of students receiving free lunches nine years earlier. 12

New York State Average Net Price after All Grant Aid, for New York Resident First-Time Undergraduates Receiving Federal Title IV Aid 2008-09 $0 to $30,000 $30,001 to $48,000 $48,001 to $75,000 $75,001 to $110,000 Over $110,000 4-Year Institutions SUNY $8,303 $10,982 $14,561 $15,882 $16,269 CUNY $3,446 $5,479 $9,100 $11,052 $11,458 $16,083 $18,509 $22,120 $24,468 $28,370 Proprietary $18,079 $18,932 $21,733 $24,038 $25,015 2-Year Institutions SUNY $4,688 $6,397 $8,733 $9,541 $10,058 CUNY $5,725 $7,471 $9,765 $11,252 $11,247 $15,832 $16,153 $18,576 $18,676 $19,182 Proprietary $16,170 $17,468 $18,702 $20,218 $21,416 Note: Institutional net prices reported to IPEDS were weighted by percentages of students living on or off campus or with family. The sector averages are unweighted averages of institutional net prices. Total costs included tuition and fees, room and board (including board allowance for students living at home), books and supplies and other living expenses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009, Student Financial Aid component 13

Percent of Full-time, First-time Students Taking Loans 2008-09 100% 80% NYS USA Four-Year Institutions Two-Year Institutions 82% 78% 76% 78% SUNY 60% CUNY 7% 60% 40% 20% 41% 47% 60% 61% SUNY 37% CUNY 5% 29% 21% 36% 58% 0% Public Proprietary Public Proprietary Note: Loans to students include only loans made directly to students; federal and other loans to parents are not included. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009, Student Financial Aid component 14

Average Loans for Full-time, First-time Students Taking Loans 2008-09 $10,000 NYS USA Four-Year Institutions Two-Year Institutions $8,000 $6,000 $5,181 $7,430 $6,532 $5,545 $6,391 SUNY $5,753 CUNY $4,201 $4,000 $2,000 SUNY $3,781 CUNY $3,626 $3,744 $- Public Proprietary Public Proprietary Note: Loans to students include only loans made directly to students; federal and other loans to parents are not included. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009, Student Financial Aid component 15

New York State Loan Burden of Full-time, First-time Students 2008-09 % Loan Recipients Avg Annual Loan Avg Loan X 4 Years Avg Loan X 5 Years NYS Four-Year Institutions SUNY 60% $5,753 $23,013 $28,766 CUNY 7% $4,201 $16,805 $21,006 60% $7,430 $29,722 $37,152 Proprietary 76% $6,532 $26,130 $32,662 Two-Year Institutions X 2 Years X 3 Years SUNY 37% $3,781 $7,562 $11,343 CUNY 5% $3,626 $7,251 $10,877 36% $5,545 $11,090 $16,635 Proprietary 78% $6,391 $12,781 $19,172 Note: Loans to students include only loans made directly to students; federal and other loans to parents are not included. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009, Student Financial Aid component 16

Cost of Attendance and Student Aid WE KNOW that most full-time students utilize student aid; that average grants for all student (ignoring family income or living arrangements) is substantial in all sectors; that state grant aid has not increased as fast as tuition and fees; that the net price after TAP and Pell at public colleges averages almost $5,000 at CUNY and over $6,400 at SUNY 4-year colleges for those eligible for maximum aid; that the majority of community college freshmen live at home and for those eligible for maximum TAP and Pell their costs are fully covered; that college participation of low income students is substantially lower than for other students; that most students take loans and the loan amounts are often large. 17

WE DON T KNOW Cost of Attendance and Student Aid how family income or living arrangements affect institutional grants in each sector; what the net price, participation gap or loan burden is for middle income, part-time or other specific types of students; the effects of academic preparation on aid utilization and loan burden; precisely who benefits when a new aid formula or policy is enacted. P-20 Longitudinal Data System The collection of longitudinal student records will provide the detail and precision to transform the analysis of student aid policy and proposals from providing vague average conclusions about a diverse and incomplete group of students to surgical targeting for specific policies and students. 18