FORENSIC SCIENCE CrimeSceneAnalysis
CRITICAL THINKING When Mrs. Jackson came back from lunch, there were several messages on her desk. B changing By h i eachh digit di it off the th phone numbers to one of the three corresponding letters on the telephone buttons, can yyou determine from whom each message came? 2
336-8478 (222)686-8268 ( ) 774-6837 487-2263 247-5463 832-2437 Answers to Critical Thinking 3
FACETS OF GUILT Means Motive (This doesn t have to be proven or presented in a court of law, but its what everyone wants to know.) Opportunity 4
Murder Charges 1st Degree Murder 2nd Degree Murder Voluntary Manslaughter Involuntary ymanslaughter (criminally negligent g homicide) 5
Crime Scene eteam Is a group of professional investigators, each trained in a variety of special disciplines. Team Members... 6
First Officer at the Scene A D A P T 7
Evidence Technician Record the crime scene... Conduct a search for evidence Set up numbers at the pieces of evidence Has the necessary equipment Forceps Bags--paper and plastic Envelopes Jars and Q-tips Properly collect all evidence Maintain a Obtain reference samples Submit evidence to Lab 8
Medical Examiner s Responsibilities (Review) Identify the deceased Establish the time and date of death Determine a medical cause of death--the injury or disease that resulted in the person dying Determine the mechanism of death--the physiological reason that the person died Classify the manner of death Natural Accidental Suicide Homicide Undetermined Notify the next of fkin 9
Physical Evidence... 10
Evidence Characteristics Class Evidence-- Individual Evidence ABO Blood Typing Blood DNA Typing 11
Crime Scene Sketch Date: August 14, 2001 Time: 11:35 Criminalist: Ann Wilson Location: 4358 Rockledge Dr St. Louis, Mo. A. Couch/sofa B. Female body c C. Knife D. Over turned Lamp A E D G E. Chairs F. Table G. Fireplace E F E E E 12
TWO of FOUR PATTERNS Crime Scene Search Patterns Spiral Grid 13
TWO of FOUR PATTERNS Crime Scene Search Patterns Strip or Line Quadrant or Zone 14
Crime Scene Mapping (outdoors) Azimuth--uses a compass beam to determine the location of each piece of evidence Triangulation--uses uses two points at the crime scene to map each piece of evidence Coordinate or grid--divides divides the crime scene into squares for mapping. Suspended d d Polar Coordinate--for use in mapping evidence in a hole Baseline--set a north/south line and measures each piece of evidence from this line. 15
AZIMUTH Determines: Direction Distance Elevation 16
TRIANGULATION Measure from A to B and then to the evidence in a triangular shape. 17
Coordinate or GidM Grid Mapping Set a north/south line from a datum point established by a GPS. Make it a perfect square (4 x 4) by shooting the hypotenuse and setting in stakes every foot or meter. Measure and map the location of each piece of evidence. Then collect evidence and place in containers by grid. 18
Baseline Mapping Set a north/south line from the furthest most points of the crime scene. Then measure each piece of evidence from that baseline. Evidence will need a numerical measurement where the piece begins, ends and in the middle. Evidence Baseline 19
Suspended Polar Coordinate Measure and map each layer of evidence as you move down the hole. Use the compass readings from the top to measure degrees and a tank dipping line to measure depth. 20
The latest technology includes this Nikon Tsunami with computer. The exact location of all crime evidence can be determined and directly loaded into a computer to produce a crime scene map. Cost = $35,000 for the set. MAPPING TECHNOLOGY 21
Remember: HOW PLUS WHY EQUALS WHO --John Douglas, former FBI profiler Keep this in mind as you analyze a crime scene 22