The Effect of Information Technology on E-Learning Soodabeh Hessam 1,Maryam Navidi 2, Azita Ostad 3, Farzad Omidvari 4, Farzad Hassanzadeh 5,Hossein Arjvand 6 123456 MA student of EMBA, Iran Industrial Management Institute and Ports and Shipping Administration, Rasht,Iran Abstract Human from first moment of life are trying. There are several reasons for this effort. Some people are looking for bread and some of them looking for name. Some people demand a set of desires. Common point of all the effort is need and this effort takes place to meet the needs. Need make people to move and do their work in order. Each service that provides the need that supplyis a product that can include ideas - places - food - clothing and information. One of the most basic human needs is access to information. In this article we discuss the effect of information technology on e-learning. Keywords: information technology, e-learning, ICT 1. Introduction There is no information there is Ability to meet human needs, so we can say information is mother of all human needs. Information is a factor that has always been associated with humans - However, due to limited human needs it wasn t concern a lot. With the emergence of communication between communities and different needs and different initiatives Information become important that human entered to a new era that is call Information age. Human life is interwoven with Information and it s a social phenomenon. Cause of define information age term; to present time is because of the large amount of data and speed of information exchange through different avenues. In this time - Human more than before need to have the information and communication with other society toachieve important information. The sheer volume of information and how it is exchanged put current society on the threshold of entering a culture where education - information and knowledge will be main axes of society progress. Nowadays, Information is alternative for all determining element and Industrial Revolution. And the role of information and communication technologies and virtual library, in the learning, will be discussed Definition of Learning Transformation that occurs in a human s life is due to learning. There is no doubt that the growth of human learning, is far beyond his thoughts vision. Because human life environment, is always exposed to change human to overcome the transformation has to learn. Learn more generally, is a transformative activity that prepares individuals to deal with environmental events. In fact learning is a series of process and also a product of experience. Learning actually has a very broad concept that there is in forms the new attitude, problem solving, application of knowledge on reasoning, thinking, and COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 652
Various definitions have been proposed for learning. But many researchers believe that the ((Learning is a change that by experience or training occur in animal behavior emerges.)) Learning is a changing that occurs by teaching content and skills in learner s behavior. This behavior may be visible short-term, orthis behavior may be invisible in short term. However the training, during the life cause change in behavior and learner insight. Thus, should consider these differences in need,styles, and learning differences. Should not expect that people learn something equal should consider Learner motivation towards learning materials. No doubt ideal state of learningis optimal learning.there are also a variety of tools and resources for implementing optimum of learning that their numbers are increasing with the Technology Progressed. Considering that the success of any society depends on its ability to engage learner s lifelong learning process..(gilaninia et al,2011) 2. Information and communication technologies Definition Information technology includes the technologies assist individual to capture, store, and process, retrieve, transmit and receive information. The term includes technologies such as computers, transmitted by fax, or other devices of communication. Information technology has transformed the way we work, economic and social affairs, and even how our thinking has changed. Nowadays, information technology, compared with media has wider range and provides Possibilities for change and predicts a new perspective in the field of development. Information technology, because rapid spread of ideas, improve education, science, culture and health care. Information considered as work machine and communications is its product.. Information and communication technologies are related to each other. Without information and communication technologies, communication between individuals and international level will be impossible. Nowadays, with the possession of advanced information and communication technology, enables the rapid establishment of communication and rapid exchange of information more than before is available.people in every where can receive the latest information about their needs. But without a doubt - the greatest impact has been the emergence of information and communication technologies on educational environments. Information and communication technologies application in education has led to the virtual learning environment. It makes possible communication between people in order to educate and increasingly Expand Knowledge through computers. Learner should have active participants in learning and discuss about information that is acquired or transferred. Information and Communication Technology, provides the opportunity for learners to be able to exchange information. While technologies are changing the nature of work and business, change how to provide education. Because people learning way is different should consider several principles: COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 653
Training should be based on individual learning, because when speaking of learning, there are one way and not the same for all people and consider them the same. Training should be design based on achieving a specific goal, and its executive program use evolutionary method. 3. The role of ICT in learning Information and communication technology, within a short time of its creation has been going through tremendous changes in human life. One of the fields that consists major areas to it is learning. Role of information and communication technologies is very important learning cycle. In traditional learning approach Person had to constantly read and communication was almost one-way. But use of information and communication technology in learning, individual In addition to basic skills require in using information communication technologies. Learning based on information technology, by fundamental changes in traditional concepts of education can eliminate inefficiencies educational systems and create fundamental changes in education. By using virtual worlds in learning can achieve new and efficient techniques. Application of information and communication technology in teaching is faster and better learning. Information and communication technology application in education, created a new type of learning, so that learning cannot be the only Presence. It is not necessary learning be face to face and is expected learning being possible in an environment other than the classroom, So that the information can be easily shared with other learner. This transformation leads to changing role of the teacher and the role of libraries. So, new type of learning was called e-learning. 4. The concept of e-learning As Information and communication technology, is using in many routine business processes such as e-banking, e-commerce, and e-government and Electronic learning or E-Learning field has benefited from this technology. Remove the constraints of location, time and age of learners that were a time inaccessible doesn t seem a major restriction today. Similarly, it should be noted that the emergence of new needs and the wider through community with the continued use of traditional education system cannot supply. Learning base on Computer, learning base on information technology, virtual classrooms, virtual libraries and... have been paved the Way for the emergence of the modern methods of instruction. The lexically, is said to a series of educational activities that use electronic devices such as audio, video, computer networking, virtual learning. The electronic learning system based on information and communication technology guides (e.g., hardware, software, and computer networks) secured, maintenance, development and available study materials / educational activities for students who are studying And possible evaluate students without the need place for learners and teachers. COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 654
5. Learning model in Web Development of Information and communication technology cause how, what, who, where, when and why of learning. The invention of computers and the Internet, not only increased the speed of knowledge transfer, but also changed the methods of knowledge transfer from one person to another. Predict how the technology over the next 5 to 50 years influence learning is difficult. This diagram shows developments of information technology application from 5,000 years ago until next 50 years. Internet, intranet, and all forms of wireless communication, causing eliminate barriers of time and place. Internet as A COMMUNICATIONS DEVICE has led to learners is in relation with their teachers. Most models of learning are in traditional classroom or at home that have come in for step. 6. Different models of learning spaces Four models that predict for learning spaces include: 1 - Models of Network learning In this model, the first problem is to change the learning environment, which specifically is related to change activity and Classroom by mobile and wireless communication devices. It cause change in classroom environment, especially the role of the teacher. This problem is related to a learning model for future classes. Second issue is change in the goal of education. It means what and why of education in the new century is different from in the past. The aim of training should be to teach general knowledge to learners. Training should students the proper skills, personal motivation and ability to manage and search for information integration to solve (Whiataker, 1995). 2 - Learn in future classes. In this model, the spatial and temporal restriction is removed and concept of the class develops. In this class used electronic white board level of interaction between learners and teacher is very high. Connection to class is done through the computer and teacher is able to design collaborative learning activities better. Learners form a team and participate in learning. In this learning model, using electronic books, magazines and various websites is necessary. 3 - Learn the knowledge structure and ability to solve problems The purpose of education is transfer a student or its better to say a citizen to an individual with high power of decisions making and solving problems that can adapt to the 21st century. Moreover, due to inevitable global competition, every country has forced to change its educational system so that all citizens can learn new training during the life time or update their old knowledge. The models implemented in Asian countries such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and havemajor reforms to the education system. COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 655
In this learning model, well as learn basic skill such as writing and reading, Ability to solve problem and offer their expertise in society skill cause develop education goals. So in general, the content and educational objectives are changed. Individual differences and use intelligence and creativity are considered after general education. 4 - community-based learning Latest models of learning, is a community-based learning. As the real world we are facing with community, Internet users attempted to create communities that have their own language and culture and justice (Wallcace, 1999) for this issue, and create a network of community and educational activities that insert, it is necessary to this state of education defined as community-based learning.as the Internet and other communications networks enter in our daily life it is necessary to train user of this network so that they feel themselves as a network citizen so to meet this problem we should create a society.a citizen s network could be a teacher, a student, parent, or anyone else who tries to learn through community-based networks.in general learning environment has two layers.the first layer is hardware and the second layer is software tools, such as browsers.learning network layer structure is as follows: Types of teaching and learning For teaching and learning based on information technology, four modes are considered. These methods are: 1 - Self-learning In this case, the learning environment, including a computer and software, as well as three types of elements: Transmission of multimedia resources Consulting materials Set of test results For understanding self-learning, educational software can be provide continuous (Online), discontinuous (Offline) or set of these two. In Disconnected mode Software will be provide via CD that consist of controllable educational materials. In continuous mode, the learner's computer is connected to a database or network training. Third case, the effective delivery of educational material can be either continuous or disconnected manner. Compact discs through Web sites may be provided as an attachment. A learner who can get alone consulting training, means a more detailed description and a set of the correct answers should be combined with educational materials. This type of learning person must use the resources at its disposal to deal with knowledge and answers set of questions located in databases and immediately see the reaction. In case test results of learner are good or bad, computer system quickly reacts. So in this type of learning the existence of an Internet-based communication to obtain the most current resources is essential. 2-- Distance learning COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 656
In this case, a remote instructor, control learner and enable upon learner request. Elements of this type of learning are as follows: connect a didactic Break or more students in remote monitoring respond to requests for learners Training materials to be classified, on the terminals of learners A set of results The difference in distance learning is the self learning is that there is a person as instructor in this system and he also needs training. It is necessary he knows learner needs to provide required answer. Examples of this type of learning, is video conferencing systems or network meetings [5] is. They allow visual communication - listening to users and share them with provide the required documents together. People through e-mail can also be connect together 3 - Virtual Classroom In Virtual classroom, a teacher and several learner simultaneously learn but in different place relation to each other. These types of learning locations are linked through a communications tool, the teacher speaks to the students, the teacher will select additional resources, and the teacher will send the additional resources for students and manages student interactions. To realize a virtual classroom, a learning environment information technology-based is based on several rows structure. Because many of users may work on different terminal and learning systems base on information technology must be independent hardware and software. In this system, there is a server for access to learning materials. Image shows a virtual classroom. Number1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 as learners work as teachers.they use From No. 6 as a database to obtain required educational resources.(parsa,1995) 4 - Group learning This type of learning is similar to a virtual classroom with this difference that whole process does not manage by a particular person. Learners at the same time but in different places meet together and learn with each other. Required elements of this type of learning are similar to those in the virtual classroom. For group learning, communication should create in a very wide level. Cause every learner should be able to exchange information with other group members. Electronic Educational environment have to promote education quality. Another problem is that interact with learning content and learning influence rate,cause growth of the learner. Learner coordinated learning process with this demands and increase motivation. An education system based on information technology can be able to review Educational content and metadata, monitor training courses, Recovery mechanisms through different parts of the course, and the role of libraries, choose educational resources, and provide field of consultation with learners. Thus we see that electronic learning environment and especially based learning environment, learners are required to set resources where these resources are COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 657
selected and collected; need to Communication tools and an instructor who wanted to undertake a learning management.(zahed,1998) 7. Virtual Library With the advent of advances in information and communication technologies, libraries have changed their role from traditional and technological means to provide the service. So besides physical libraries, libraries new type called virtual library was created. Virtual Library, access a collection of digital information and organize them. This information consists of digital books and electronic-journals, databases, Web pages, CD- ROMs and other electronic formats, Virtual Library emphasize on access to materials from anywhere, to digital. (Gilaninia et al,2010) 8. Virtual libraries and learning In general, libraries as either physical or virtual have three roles in learning: A place to share rich information sources, storage ideas, in order to bring awareness to educate people. The primary goal of any library, supports, and facilitates the development of formal education in the mother institution. The next step is to support informal education. Resources in Library support education. The next step is to support informal educationlibrary resources to support education. While the physical library, limited to a particular place and time, virtual libraries without physical barriers, may at any time and from anywhere via an Internet connection to provide access to its resources. In Virtual library, the learning process is independent of time and place. Because the virtual library, contains updated information that they provide opportunities for learning. Collection of multimedia resources, enabling distance education is provided for learners to use library resources. (Mehrdad,2000) Virtual libraries due to store learning resources possibility of recovery through computer networks, Without virtual libraries that organize and store electronic documents dealing with access to up to date resources for learning is impossible. Awareness of their existence and purpose of a virtual library, cause use know cause from library. So type of learning that is supported by the library is determined. Virtual library, provide possibility of for creative and critical thinking, problem solving, and decision making to user. Design Virtuallibraryhelplearnersto understandthe concept of information. Virtual librariescan have a role beyond the production and distribution of educational resources. Reference services, distance educationby mail or constantly is virtual library services in e-learning. Exists of a virtual library is depend on computer networks and the Internet. Even if access provide to e-learninghavesufficient skills to search and retrieve information is necessary. So here it is clear that the role of librarians that this information professionals with the ability to search and retrieve information, canintroduce required sources for learner. Due to the connection between resources and COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 658
learners, and facilitate formal and informal learning. Virtual libraries have provided a rich environment for learners to learn. (Gilaninia et al,2009) 9. Conclusions Electronic learning environment is always available and can be used from any place. Because in today's information world, time is very important and person in shortest possible time, is able to gain knowledge about his needs. Because in electronic learning environment possibility of interact with each other and exchange information is in a high level, Learning is more attractive and the person who learns know the value of thing that learn. Becauseit saccording to his information needs. Virtual libraries, especially libraries, having a variety of sources, the development of knowledge and education play a large role, by providing with timely and digital resources required people to be actively involved in learning. Thus, library services integrate with e-learning. Thus, learners with use each of learning models through virtual libraries can any where they want. The virtual library provides learning materials which they want. COPY RIGHT 2013 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 659
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