Introduction to Firewalls Open Source Security Tools for Information Technology Professionals



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Introduction to Firewalls Open Source Security Tools for Information Technology Professionals School of Professional Studies (SPS) The City University of New York (CUNY) Aron Trauring Adjunct Professor CEO, Zoteca Class 5 October 24th, 2005 Aron Trauring Adj. Professor/ Zoteca

What is a Firewall? Most important element of host defense against attack Filters all network traffic by examining all TCP/IP packets Decides whether to allow packet to continue on network or to drop packet Aron Trauring Adj. Professor/ Zoteca 1

Three Functions of a Firewall 1. Deal with incoming traffic 2. Deal with outgoing traffic 3. Log suspicious or malicious traffic Aron Trauring Adj. Professor/ Zoteca 2

Minimalism and Viligance Start: deny everything from everywhere and to everywhere Defining bad behavior puts you in an endless treadmill Access to host should be exception not the rule Create a wall and remove bricks for access one at a time Aron Trauring Adj. Professor/ Zoteca 3

Firewall Types Perimeter firewalls Cisco PIX, Check Point, Smoothwall Perimeter firewalls are usually associated with routers Host firewalls iptables, Zone Alarm Aron Trauring Adj. Professor/ Zoteca 4

TCP Three Way Handshake Machine wanting to communicate sends a SYN packet ( ready ) Receiving machines sends a SYN/ACK ( got it ) Sending machine sends ACK back ( I m going to start sending ) Aron Trauring Adj. Professor/ Zoteca 5

TCP/IP Session Communication If three way handshake successful communication begins Data packets tagged with sequence numbers Acknowledges receipt of packets Aron Trauring Adj. Professor/ Zoteca 6

TCP/IP Session Close One side (can be either depending on circumstances) sends a FIN ( got everything ) Other machine sends a FIN/ACK ( ready to end ) Other side sends ACK back ( Let s finish this ) Aron Trauring Adj. Professor/ Zoteca 7

Stateless Firewall Stateless firewall looks at packet headers Sees each packet in isolation not in context of a session Filters packets based on header only Prevents/allows connection from specific IP address or network Prevents/allows connection based on TCP/UDP port or type of application Prevents/allows connection based on category of packet (e.g. ICMP) Aron Trauring Adj. Professor/ Zoteca 8

Stateful Firewall Keeps track of state of TCP/IP session Can do more sophisticated packet filtering Block SYN packets Aron Trauring Adj. Professor/ Zoteca 9

Perimeter Firewalls Two or more ethernet connections Trusted network internal LAN Public network outside WAN DMZ servers that need to be exposed to the outside but may serve internal functions Commercial boxes many have Linux built in Built your own use multiple NICs for ethernet connections Smoothwall Linux based software distribution Aron Trauring Adj. Professor/ Zoteca 10

Firewall Setup Business Process 1. Develop a network use policy IM? P2P? 2. Map out inbound and outbound services 3. Convert 1 and 2 into firewall rules 4. Implement firewall rules and test 5. Review and test periodically Aron Trauring Adj. Professor/ Zoteca 11

Host Firewalls Securing perimeter is not enough Particularly important on bastion hosts and trusted computer Bastion host internet-facing server Problematic on client machines Aron Trauring Adj. Professor/ Zoteca 12

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