ELEN 689: Topics in Network Security: Firewalls. Ellen Mitchell Computing and Information Services 20 April 2006
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1 ELEN 689: Topics in Network Security: Firewalls Ellen Mitchell Computing and Information Services 20 April 2006
2 Firewall Historically: a wall constructed to prevent the spread of fire
3 Firewall Function Used on computer networks to protect one area from another Permits or denies access to computer services
4 Security Stances Deny-Based (deny by default) Allow-Based (allow by default)
5 Protocols Generally TCP/UDP IP (v4), ICMP
6 Types of Firewalls Generally correspond to a layer in the ISO model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
7 Hardware/Software Dedicated hardware is fast, though may not be as flexible as software firewalls Software firewalls tend to run on top of or as part of an operating system (needing security updates)
8 Host-based/Network based/network-based Protect one computer? Protect many? Recommend layers of protection
9 Firewalls Packet Filter Stateful Packet Filter Proxy Hybrids
10 Packet Filters Work at layers 3 and 4 Make packet-level decisions Simple, powerful, fast
11 Packet Filter Decisions Source or destination host Source or destination port Protocol (TCP/UDP/ICMP)
12 Packet Filtering Firewall Inside Firewall Outside Firewall. Bad Guy >:[ Server Firewall
13 Three-way handshake SYN SYN/ACK ACK Host 1 Host 2
14 Stateless Firewalls No knowledge of previous traffic is used to make decision on whether to permit/deny the next packet
15 Stateful Firewalls Firewall keeps a record of previous traffic Permits traffic if it belongs to the current session Flags (SYN, FIN, RST; ECHO REQ/REP, etc.)
16 Stateless/Stateful Stateful Trade-offs Speed Additional security
17 Proxy Firewall Application-level level decisions Applies to protocols such as HTTP, rather than TCP Protects computers because they don t receive traffic directly
18 Before Proxy Firewall Inside Firewall Outside Firewall. Bad Guy >:[ Server Firewall
19 Using Proxy Firewall Inside Firewall Outside Firewall Proxy Bad Guy >:[ Server Firewall
20 Hybrids Combinations and customization are possible
21 Response when traffic s denied Drop packets (TCP RST) or time out? People tend to prefer one or another Some firewalls offer configuration options for this
22 Personal Firewalls Many available at reasonable cost BlackIce ($39.95) ZoneAlarm -- zonelabs.com/ / (Free) ConSeal -- ($49.95) IPChains -- linux kernel (Free)
23 Securing Hosts Eliminate Extra Services Educate Users Use good passwords
24 Firewall Weaknesses Misconfiguration Misunderstanding
25 Network Address Translation (NAT) Process that maps addresses between an external network and (hides the addresses on) the internal network One to one, one to many Increase in security is debatable
26 Virtual Private Networks (VPN) Allows people outside the firewall to authenticate and connect to the inside of the firewall Permissions are configurable Removes the need to open ports through the firewall
27 VPN Implementation Students, Faculty, Staff No additional cost neo login/password
28 VPN Implementation continued Client software at Not all hand-helds helds are supported, but we re trying to improve that
29 Technical Overview LDAP RADIUS Database (Address Translation Not Done) Non-TAMU traffic Drivers Shim OS Campus machine VPN Server (Address Translation Regular IP is performed) Firewall Home machine Key Negotiation (IKE) via UDP IPSEC (IP+AH & ESP)
30 Firewalls on Campus Campus Firewall NetSQUID F-boxes Departmental firewalls Government Regulations Credit Card Industry Equipment Protection
31 TAMU Firewall History Implemented in 1992 Assembly, DOS, Unix Drawbridge freely available ( Supports our Gig connection to the Internet
32 NetSQUID Network Security Quarantine and Isolation Device Used in Residence Halls + some departments Linux-based Uses iptables iptables + snort Intrusion detection + firewall
33 F-boxes These firewalls enforce our policy that wireless traffic must be authenticated and encrypted Permit only IPSEC traffic to cross the Access Point to reach the Rest Of The World (Forcing VPN enforces our policy)
34 Departmental Firewalls Some departments on campus want to further protect themselves from, say, the Residence Halls
35 Government Regulations Some research areas are regulated and must meet federal guidelines Patriot Act, Office of the State Chemist, etc.
36 Credit Card Industry VISA/MasterCard have regulations on how credit card transactions may be done using computers Requires NAT
37 Equipment Protection Some vendors products are based on old, vulnerable operating systems
38 Summary Types of firewalls Packet filter, proxy, Stateful/stateless Host-based, network-based Security stances Allow-based, deny-based
39 Local resources... TAMU firewall papers ftp://net.tamu.edu/pub/security/tamu/tamu -security-overview.ps and tamu_summary.txt TAMU firewall change request information wall Choose a firewall based on your needs
40 Resources continued... TAMU VPN information page TAMU ISF page My team s page
41 Questions?
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