DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK

Census of India 2011 CHANDIGARH SERIES-05 PART XII-B DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK CHANDIGARH VILLAGE AND TOWN WISE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (PCA) DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS CHANDIGARH

CHANDIGARH DISTRICT CHANDIGARH 2011 Kilometers 1 0.5 0 1 2 From Mullanpur P U N J A B U P From Rupnagar N 14 WARD 2 12 Khuda Alisher (C.T.) KAIMBWALA 15 10 WARD 6 25! 4 040089 WARD 7 39 WARD 5 9 24 16! 38 ^ 800286!P Chandigarh (M. Corp. + OG) 8 WARD 8 23 17 WARD 1 5 37 40 6 56 Sukhna Lake WARD 4 WARD 3 7 WARD 9 18 22 41 36 55 26 19 WARD 19 35 21! 54 42 WARD 17 040095 I WARD 11 N D I A WARD 10 27 53 20 26 34 WARD 26 43 EAST WARD 16 28 WARD 15 30 52 44 33 WARD 18 WARD 20 29 WARD 25 WARD 12 32 45 51 WARD 21 61 WARD 14 31 50 46 Daria (C.T.)! WARD 24 WARD 13 47 040096 49 WARD 22 63 48 Mauli Jagran(C.T.) WARD 23! 040097 Pat i ali Rao J A B # From S.A.S. Nagar ( Mohali) P WEST OF SECTOR 38 Pa tia # HIMALAYA MARG DHANAS! 040091 li R ao VIDYA PATH SAROVAR PATH WEST OF SECTOR 25 NH 21 WARD-5 UDYOG PATH UDYAN PATH SHANTI PATH DAKSHIN MARG JAN MARG NH 21 11 SUKHNA PATH 2 Industrial Area Phase II 3 1 NH 21 UTTAR MARG UTTAR MARG CHANDI PATH! 040094 Industrial Area Phase I # Kansal Nadi Sukhna Choe Sukhna Nadi Mani Majra (R), Basti Kishangarh, Basti Bhagwanpura (C.T.) RS H N A R To Chandi Mandir A Y To Kalka A U # To S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) To Rupnagar N J R e s e r v e d A r e a WARD 23! Behlana (C.T.) 040098 A B 040092 RAIPUR! KHURD To Ambala From Ambala BOUNDARY : STATE/ UNION TERRITORY..................... " WARD WITH NO.................................. WARD 23 HEADQUARTERS : UNION TERRITORY / DISTRICT........ VILLAGES HAVING 5000 AND ABOVE POPULATION WITH NAME............................................................ URBAN AREA WITH POPULATION SIZE: I, IV & V............. ^,!P DHANAS!!!! NATIONAL HIGHWAY............................................... NH 21 IMPORTANT METALLED ROADS................................. RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION, BROAD GAUGE............. RS RIVER / CHOE......................................................... WATER FEATURES: POND / LAKE.............................. TOTAL AREA OF DISTRICT (In Sq. Km.)...114.00 TOTAL POPULATION OF DISTRICT...10,55,450 TOTAL NUMBER OF TOWNS IN DISTRICT... 6 TOTAL NUMBER OF VILLAGES IN DISTRICT...5 Note: Figures shown inside the map in black colour indicate Sector Numbers.

CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 CHANDIGARH SERIES-05 PART XII - B DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK CHANDIGARH VILLAGE AND TOWN WISE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (PCA) Directorate of Census Operations Chandigarh

Government of India, Copyright 2014 Published by: Directorate of Census Operations, Chandigarh Data Product No. : 04-015-2011-Cen-Book (E)

MOT IF CHANDIGARH Chandigarh is the most modern and well planned city of India. Formation of various creations like Rock Garden, Sukhna Lake, IT Park, War Memorial, Secretariat a master piece of architecture, Museums, and Green Gardens have given charming look to a bouquet of the City Beautiful.

Contents Pages 1 Foreword 1 2 Preface 3 3 Acknowledgement 4 4 History and Scope of the District Census Handbook 5 5 Brief History of the State and District 7 6 Administrative Setup 10 7 Districts Highlights - 2011 Census 12 8 Important Statistics 13 9 Section - I Primary Census Abstract (PCA) (i) Brief note on Primary Census Abstract 17 (ii) (iii) District Primary Census Abstract Appendix to District Primary Census Abstract Total, Castes and Tribes -Urban Block wise 21 29 (iv) Primary Census Abstract for Castes (SC) 77 (v) Primary Census Abstract for Tribes (ST) 85 (vi) Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract 87 (vii) Urban PCA-Town wise Primary Census Abstract 95 10 Section II Tables based on Households Amenities and Assets (Rural /Urban) at District and Sub-District level (i) Table -1: Households by Ownership status and by Number of Dwelling rooms occupied in the District, 2011 105

(ii) Table -2: Percentage distribution of Households living in Permanent, Semi permanent and Temporary houses, 2011 (iii) Table -3: Number and Percentage of Households by main source of Drinking water, 2011 (iv) Table -4: Number and Percentage of Households by main source of Lighting, 2011 (v) Table -5: Number and Percentage of Households by type of Latrine facility, 2011 (vi) Table -6: Number and Percentage of Households by type of Drainage connectivity for waste water outlet, 2011 106 108 110 112 114 (vii) Table -7: (viii) Table -8: Number and Percentage of Households by availability of Kitchen facility, 2011 Number and Percentage of Households by type of fuel used for Cooking, 2011 115 116 (ix) Table -9: Number and Percentage of Households availing Banking services and number of Households having each of the specified Assets in, 2011 118

Foreword The District Census Handbook (DCHB) is an important publication of the Census Organization since 1951. It contains both Census and non Census data of urban and rural areas for each District. The Census data provide information on demographic and socio-economic characteristics of population at the lowest administrative unit i.e. of each Village, Town and Ward of the District. The Primary Census Abstract (PCA) part of this publication contains Census data including data on household amenities collected during 1 st phase of the Census i.e. House Listing and Housing Census. The non Census data presented in the DCHB is in the form of Village Directory and Town Directory contain information on various infrastructure facilities available in the village and town viz; education, medical, drinking water, communication and transport, post and telegraph, electricity, banking, and other miscellaneous facilities. Later on, the Telegraph Services were closed by the Government of India on 15 th July, 2013. The data of DCHB are of considerable importance in the context of planning and development at the grass-root level. 2. In the 1961 Census, DCHB provided a descriptive account of the District, administrative statistics, Census tables and Village and Town Directory including Primary Census Abstract. This pattern was changed in 1971 Census and the DCHB was published in three parts: Part-A related to Village and Town Directory, Part-B to Village and Town PCA and Part-C comprised analytical report, administrative statistics, District Census tables and certain analytical tables based on PCA and amenity data in respect of Villages. The 1981 Census DCHB was published in two parts: Part-A contained Village and Town Directory and Part-B the PCA of Village and Town including the SCs and STs PCA up to Tahsil/Town levels. New features along with restructuring of the formats of Village and Town Directory were added. In Village Directory, all amenities except electricity were brought together and if any amenity was not available in the referent Village, the distance in broad ranges from the nearest place having such an amenity, was given. 3. The pattern of 1981 Census was followed by and large for the DCHB of 1991 Census except the format of PCA. It was restructured. Nine-fold industrial classification of main workers was given against the four-fold industrial classification presented in the 1981 Census. In addition, sex wise population in 0-6 age group was included in the PCA for the first time with a view to enable the data users to compile more realistic literacy rate as all children below 7 years of age had been treated as illiterate at the time of 1991 Census. One of the important innovations in the 1991 Census was the Community Development Block (CD Block) level presentation of Village Directory and PCA data instead of the traditional Tahsil/Taluk/PS level presentation. 4. As regards DCHB of 2001 Census, the scope of Village Directory was improved by including some other amenities like banking, recreational and cultural facilities, newspapers & magazines and `most important commodity manufactured in a Village in addition to prescribed facilities of earlier Censuses. In Town Directory, the statement on Slums was modified and its coverage was enlarged by including details on all slums instead of notified slums. 5. The scope and coverage of Village Directory of 2011 DCHB has been widened by including a number of new amenities in addition to those of 2001. These newly added amenities are: Pre-Primary School, Engineering College, Medical 1

College, Management Institute, Polytechnic, Non-formal Training Centre, Special School for Disabled, Community Health Centre, Veterinary Hospital, Mobile Health Clinic, Medical Practitioner with MBBS Degree, Medical Practitioner with no degree, Traditional Practitioner and faith Healer, Medicine Shop, Community Toilet, Rural Sanitary Mart or Sanitary Hardware Outlet in the Village, Community Bio- gas, Sub Post Office, Village Pin Code, Public Call Office, Mobile Phone Coverage, Internet Cafes/ Common Service Centre, Private Courier Facility, Auto/Modified Autos, Taxis and Vans, Tractors, Cycle-pulled Rickshaws, Carts driven by Animals, Village connected to National Highway, State Highway, Major District Road, and Other District Road, Availability of Water Bounded Macadam Roads in Village, ATM, Self-Help Group, Public Distribution System(PDS) Shop, Mandis/Regular Market, Weekly Haat, Agricultural Marketing Society, Nutritional Centers (ICDS), Anganwadi Centre, ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist), Sports Field, Public Library, Public Reading Room, Assembly Polling station, Birth & Death Registration Office. In the Town Directory, seven Statements containing the details and the data of each Town have been presented viz.; (i) Status and Growth History of Towns, (ii) Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, (iii) Civic and other Amenities (iv) Medical Facilities, (v) Educational, Recreational & Cultural Facilities, (vi) Industry & Banking, and (vii) Civic & other amenities in Slums respectively. CD Block wise data of Village Directory and Village PCA have been presented in DCHB of 2011 Census as presented in earlier Census. 6. The data of DCHB 2011 Census have been presented in two parts, Part-A contains Village and Town Directory and Part-B contains Village and Town wise Primary Census Abstract. Both the Parts have been published in separate volumes in 2011 Census. 7. The Village and Town level amenities data have been collected, compiled and computerized under the supervision of Ms T.N.Bindhyeshwari, IAS, Director of Census Operation Chandigarh. The task of Planning, Designing and Coordination of this publication was carried out by Dr. Pratibha Kumari, Assistant Registrar General (SS) under the guidance & supervision of Dr. R.C.Sethi, Ex- Addl. RGI and Shri Deepak Rastogi present Addl.RGI. Shri A.P. Singh, Deputy Registrar General, (Map) provided the technical guidance in the preparation of maps. Shri A.K. Arora, Joint Director of Data Processing Division under the overall supervision of Shri M.S.Thapa, Addl. Director (EDP) provided full cooperation in preparation of record structure for digitization and validity checking of Village and Town Directory data and the programme for the generation of Village Directory and Town Directory including various analytical inset tables as well as Primary Census Abstract (PCA). The work of preparation of DCHB, 2011 Census has been monitored in the Social Studies Division. I am thankful to all of them and others who have contributed to bring out this publication in time. New Delhi Dated:- 16-06-2014 (C. Chandramouli) Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India 2

Preface The complete profile in all the fields of a city is quite visible from the indicators, which presents detailed information on a particular area in the form of literature or data to know the facts and figures. This necessitates District highlights to be explored at broad level in the form of Village and Town wise Primary Census Abstract. Publication of the District Census Handbooks (DCHBs) was initiated after the 1951 Census and is continuing since then with innovations/modifications after each decennial census. This is the most valuable district level publication brought out by the census organization on behalf of each State government/union Territory administration. Details of Primary Census Abstract category wise and basic units of the District have been shown in Section I of this publication. Inter-alia Section II of this publication provides data/information on certain important civic amenities/facilities existing in Rural and Urban areas. The District Census Handbook has two segments: Part A and Part B. Part A primarily deals with village and town Directory and Part B contains Primary Census Abstract of each village and town of the District. Since 2001, the District Census Handbooks are being made available in electronic format. The District Census Handbook is the collaborative effort of the Census Directorate and the Chandigarh Administration. On behalf of the Chandigarh Administration, this Directorate has prepared the manuscript of this book. This part of District Census Handbook of 2011 have some additional information on availability of amenities, which is based on the 2011 Census as compared to the previous censuses like broad categories indicating source of drinking water, lighting, and drainage. Information on basic amenities with expanded indicators and availability of assets like computer/laptop with and without internet, bifurcation of telephone to landline and mobile has been new additions in this book. Another aspect in marking development of telecommunication and technological advancement, information on mobile and computer has been included. For the preparation of manuscript of this book, I received wholehearted cooperation from all the Heads of Departments, Heads of Offices of the Chandigarh Administration, Estate Office, and Deputy Commissioner, Chandigarh. I am grateful to a large number of dedicated field staff of Chandigarh Administration and experienced Census staff for their valuable contribution in the accomplishment of this task of national importance. I must place on record the extended co-operation extended by the Tahsildar (Revenue) and Block Development & Panchayat Office, Chandigarh in timely providing the information to digitize data for Village and Town Directory of Union Territory, Chandigarh. I am deeply grateful to Dr. C. Chandramouli, IAS the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, New Delhi for the valuable guidance and advice at every step till the finalization of this handbook. Collection, compilation of data, and drafting of DCHB Part B has been initiated under the supervision of Ms. T. N. Bindhyeshwari, IAS, Director of Census Operations, Chandigarh. All the corrections suggested by DP Division, New Delhi have been incorporated and tables/annexures made as per corrected final data of 2011 Census. My gratitude to all those who worked on completing the project. Chandigarh Date : 02-07-2014 K. S. Bhatnagar Joint Director 3

Acknowledgements Editing and Supervision Sh. K. S. Bhatnagar, Joint Director, Controlling Officer Sh. Suresh Kumar Sharma, Assistant Director (DC) Sh. Anadi Kumar, S. I. Grade I Smt. Manjit Kaur, S. I. Grade I Smt. Promila Mathur, S. I. Grade I Drafting / Write up Scrutiny of Data Mapping Sh. B. M. K. Shorey, S. I. Grade II Sh. Rajesh Kumar Chawla, Senior Supervisor Smt. Supriya, S. I. Grade II Sh. B. M. K. Shorey, S. I. Grade II Smt. Varinder Kaur, Senior Geographer Sh. Gurdeep Dhiman, Clerk ORGI- Data Processing Division Shri Jaspal Singh Lamba, DD(EDP) Ms. Usha, AD (EDP) Shri Anurag Gupta, DPA Grade A Shri Mukesh Kumar Mahawar, DPA Grade A Ms. Shagufta Nasreen Bhat, DPA Grade A Shri Khem Verma Jadon, Sr. Consultant Shri Yashwant Singh, Jr. Consultant Shri Shailender Kumar Vats, Jr. Consultant 4

HISTORY AND SCOPE OF THE DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK The need of data at the grass root level for the administrative and planning purposes at sub micro level as well as academic studies prompted the innovation of District Census Handbook. District Census Handbook is a unique publication from the Census organization which provides most authentic details of census and non-census information from village and town level to district level. The District Census Handbook was firstly introduced during the 1951 Census. It contains both census and non census data of urban as well as rural areas for each district. The census data contain several demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the lowest administrative unit i.e. of each village and town and ward of the district. The non census data comprise of data on availability of various civic amenities and infrastructural facilities etc. at the town and village level which constitute Village Directory and Town Directory part of the DCHB. The data of DCHB are of considerable importance in the context of planning and development at grass-root level. In 1961 census DCHB provided a descriptive account of the district, administrative statistics, census tables and village and town directory including Primary Census Abstract. This pattern was changed in 1971 Census and the DCHB was published in three parts: Part-A related to village and town directory, Part-B to village and town PCA and Part-C comprised analytical report, administrative statistics, district census tables and certain analytical tables based on PCA and amenity data in respect of villages. The 1981 census DCHB was published in two parts: Part-A contained village and town directory and Part-B the PCA of village and town including the SCs and STs PCA up to tahsil/town levels. New features along with restructuring of the formats of village and town directory were added into it. In Village Directory, all amenities except electricity were brought together and if any amenity was not available in the referent village, the distance in broad ranges from the nearest place having such an amenity, was given. The pattern of 1981 census was followed by and large for the DCHB of 1991 Census except the format of PCA. It was restructured. Nine-fold industrial classification of main workers was given against the four-fold industrial classification presented in the 1981 census. In addition, sex wise population in 0-6 age group was included in the PCA for the first time with a view to enable the data users to compile more realistic literacy rate as all children below 7 years of age had been treated as illiterate at the time of 1991 census. One of the important innovations in the 1991 census was the Community Development Block (CD Block) level presentation of village directory and PCA data instead of the traditional tahsil/taluk/ps level presentation. As regards DCHB of 2001 Census, the scope of Village Directory was improved by including some other amenities like banking, recreational and cultural facilities, newspapers & magazines and `most important commodity manufactured in a village in addition to prescribed facilities of earlier censuses. In Town Directory, the statement on Slums was modified and its coverage was enlarged by including details on all slums instead of notified slums. 5

The scope and coverage of Village Directory of 2011 DCHB has been widened by including a number of new amenities in addition to those of 2001. In the Town Directory, seven Statements containing the details and the data of each town have been presented viz.; (i) Status and Growth History of towns, (ii) Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, (iii) Civic and other Amenities, (iv) Medical Facilities, (v) Educational, Recreational & Cultural Facilities, (vi) Industry & Banking, and (vii) Civic & other amenities in Slums respectively. CD Block wise data of Village Directory and Village PCA have been presented in DCHB of 2011 census as presented in earlier census. The data of DCHB 2011 Census have been presented in two parts, Part-A contains Village and Town Directory and Part-B contains Village and Town wise Primary Census Abstract. Both the Parts have been published in separate volumes in 2011 Census. ------------------------------- 6

Brief History of the District The history begins with the partition of the Indian sub-continent; Lahore, the historic capital of undivided Punjab, having gone to west Punjab (now in Pakistan). The revolution for reorganization of the Punjab State started in 1950. Thereafter need for a new capital for East Punjab arose. The First President of India Dr. Rajendra Prasad formally declared the city open on October 7, 1953. Hurriedly for a while the headquarters of Government of new State of East Punjab functioned at Jalandhar. Thereafter, as make shift arrangement, Shimla became the seat of the Government. However, that place was not suitable for a permanent seat of Government. Its severe winter and none to comfortable approach from the plains stood in the way of making Shimla permanent seat of the State Government. Several claims were put and finally the present site was chosen for the capital city due to its natural surroundings, viz. Patiali Rao on the west, Sukhna Choe on the east, the Monsoon Rivers and Shivalik Hills on the north-east which make for a check on the haphazard growth of the city. Dawn of City Beautiful came up, as surrounding villages constituted into a Union Territory on November 1, 1966. The other reasons for selecting this site were healthy climate, fertile land for growing trees, fruits and vegetables, plentiful supply of water and availability of building materials like stone, sand and cement nearby. The city was named after Chandi (the violent form of Goddess Durga) the Goddess of bravery. The holy shrine of Goddess Chandi is located on Chandigarh-Kalka road at a distance of about 12 Kms., now in the State of Haryana. Initially the plan of Chandigarh was entrusted to Mr. Albert Mayor and Whittlesey of New York, Architects and Planners. At a later stage Monsieur Le Corbusier, a Swiss born French Architect of world fame and the chief collaborator of U.N. Buildings at New York, was associated in this work along with Monsieur Pierre Jeanneret, his close associate in many of his great works of architecture and planning, Mr. Maxwell Fry, the acknowledged leader of modern architecture in England and Miss Jane B. Drew, the best known woman Architect in England. The present master plan of Chandigarh in execution is the outcome of the combined efforts of these experts. The Chandigarh city is a model of architectural grandeur, which is displayed, in its beautiful layout and monumental buildings. Le-Corbusier s architectural talent is best expressed through designing of buildings for Secretariat, Vidhan Sabha, High Court and Open Hand Monument. From the distance the Secretariat looks like a ship, Assembly building like a pilot ship and High Court as harbour with the Shivaliks in the backdrop. The Open Hand Monument is a novel idea of Le-Corbusier and Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru to depict openness of mind, creativity, its richness and also the instincts to share this richness with one and all. It also symbolizes blessed hand of the Almighty bestowing peace and prosperity. The city has a variety of buildings. The houses are specially designed to suit climatic conditions. A variety of patterns have been evolved to give a pleasing effect. The city has received wide acclaim as it represents the first major attempt at planning of a complete city which will function as a self sufficient community. The basic planning unit of the city is the Sector. Each Sector is planned to be self-contained unit providing for residential accommodation, a shopping center, educational and medical facilities, place of worship, open 7

space etc. The industrial area is to the east while the capitol complex is to the north. During the past fifty years, Independent India saw three new State capitals built, Chandigarh for Punjab and Haryana, Bhubaneshwar for Odisha and Gandhinagar for Gujarat. Of the three, Chandigarh is the most visible and has attracted worldwide attention, not because it happened to be the first one but because it was built at a delicate juncture: India had won independence but the partition of the country led to the largest ever migration of people that the world had ever seen. Given those uncertain days, the idea of developing a brand new State capital for a battered Punjab was an act of profound courage; its leaders were facing extraordinarily difficult circumstances, yet they dared to look forward. The venture of building a new city at that point of time was an act of faith in the country and its people. Free India s first Prime Minister Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru wished that Punjab s new capital, Chandigarh should be a symbol of the nation s faith in the future, unfettered by the traditions of the past. While it is true that when a new city howsoever, meticulously planned becomes a living entity, gathering its own rhythm and momentum, certain changes inevitably occur. The felt needs change the original design mandate and many new factors emerge that could never have been foreseen much less provided for. Historically, Chandigarh was conceived to serve, as the new capital of one State, namely Punjab. At the time of birth nobody could have dreamt that Punjab would undergo yet another division barely 20 years after its inception, and that Chandigarh would be made to serve as the capital of two States, each claiming exclusive rights over it. The year 1966 saw the creation of two unilingual States, Punjab and Haryana; carved out from the previously bilingual State. Actually the Shah Commission appointed by the Central Government for effectuating the division of the bilingual Punjab awarded the new city of Chandigarh to Haryana. This created a furore, and at the epicenter of this political change was Chandigarh, which found itself caught between Haryana and Punjab, each State demanding the city as its own capital. Taking cognizance of strong sentiments, the Central Government rejected the commission s recommendation and, instead, made Chandigarh a Union Territory. The new city was brought under its direct administration and Chandigarh was made to serve, as the joint capital of both Punjab and Haryana, and the two States were made to share the city on a 60: 40 ratio. As per Memorandum of Settlements of Rajiv-Longowal Punjab Accord during the period of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi the actual transfer of Chandigarh to Punjab and areas in-lieu thereof to Haryana was to take place on 26 th January, 1986. Later Boundary Commission ruled that 70,000 acres should go to Haryana in-lieu of Chandigarh. The commission could identify only 45,000 acres as Hindi speaking area and was yet to identify the remaining 25,000 acres. Surjit Singh Barnala then Chief Minister of Punjab did not agree to the Award because the area to be transferred to Haryana was Punjabi speaking area. Under these circumstances, Chandigarh could not be transferred to Punjab on January 26, 1986. Since then, Punjab and Haryana became tenant States of the Central Government, though, ironically, neither Punjab nor Haryana has so far paid any rent on buildings while each has been utilising Chandigarh and its urban amenities since 1966. In the meantime both States have also developed adjunct extensions; Punjab developed Mohali (called 8

Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar) while Haryana has developed Panchkula on the north-eastern end of this city beautiful. Being immediately south of Chandigarh, Mohali could, in a sense, be considered an extension of the original plan as conceived by Le-corbusier and his team; it follows the same grid and sector pattern. Planned and built northeast of Chandigarh, Panchkula is different in its form and design pattern. Though both Mohali and Panchkula follow almost the same planning space standards, the quality of urban services in both these cities as compared to Chandigarh leaves much to be desired. Chandigarh is now fast emerging as an upcoming metropolis. As a matter of fact, the planners of Chandigarh did foresee the possibility of haphazard development all around Chandigarh. Therefore, to protect the peripheral areas around the new Capital City, the Punjab (new capital) Periphery Control Act, 1952 was promulgated. This legislation aimed to safeguard the vulnerable peripheral land around the newly planned city. Unfortunately, things did not happen the way they were envisaged. This legislation like many other laws of the land was not effectively enforced and the result has been the emergence of several so-called planned townships around the city, all in defiance of the Act. As a result, all such development has laid pressure on Chandigarh s limited urban infrastructure, besides creating traffic congestion, environmental pollution and many other problems. The words of President K. R. Narayanan while inaugurating the International Conference on 50 years of Chandigarh is apt: Chandigarh is not a castle built in the air. The architecture of Chandigarh could not ignore the compelling needs of Indian Society and the stubborn cultural values despite all its freedom from the fetters of past traditions. There is no city planning that could succeed in the face of our society, habits of our people, lapses of administration and lack of education and health. All said and done, Chandigarh is still the best city and is the cynosure of all eyes. ------------------------------- 9

Administrative Setup Chandigarh is a uni-district and uni-tahsil territory. Development in Chandigarh has seen many folds. The area constituted was part of the erstwhile Punjab State. Before formation, Chandigarh then fell in the Kharar tahsil of Ambala district. District headquarters were located in Ambala city and the related tahsil office was at Kharar. The construction of capital city of joint Punjab started in early 50s. The city Chandigarh was declared a Union Territory in the year 1966 with joint capital of both the states of Punjab and Haryana. Urban segment is expanding ever since its formation in 1966. Since 1971 urbanization had great impact on the city. In 1981 Census, two more Census Towns i.e. Burail and Attawa were added to the existing two towns, Chandigarh and Mani Majra NAC. In 1991 Census, one more Census Town was added known as Mani Majra (Rural). Thus number of towns was five in 1991. But in 2001 Census all the three Census towns got merged with the core town of Chandigarh. In 2001 there were 20 Wards as per notification. However the administrative control of Chandigarh Union Territory lies with the Chandigarh Administration. The Governor of Punjab State runs the Administration with the help of Home Secretary, the Finance Secretary and the Deputy Commissioner, Chandigarh. During 2001 Census rural area comprised of 24 villages. As per revenue record four villages namely Jhumaroo, Nizampur Burail, Nizampur Kumbra and Chahar-Tarf-Burail were uninhabited villages. But practically the only village Chahar-Tarf-Burail was uninhabited as the population is still living in all these villages. The Tahsildar Revenue is the incharge of the rural area of the uni-tahsil of Chandigarh Union Territory who works under the direct control of Deputy Commissioner. As stated in beginning of the para, Mani Majra (Rural) which had been declared as the Census Town in 1991 was partly merged with Statutory Town of Chandigarh in 2001 and remaining was considered as village Mani Majra (Rural). In 2001 Mani Majra (Rural) comprised of two hamlets of Kishangarh and Bhagwanpura. In 2011 Census Mani Majra Rural was considered as Census Town named as Mani Majra (R) Basti Kishangarh and Basti Bhagwanpura. Like District and Tahsil, there is only one C D Block of Chandigarh Union Territory, which comprises of 5 villages. The Census of India 2011 in Chandigarh district had covered 1 statutory town (including 2 OGs), 5 census towns and 5 villages. There was an increase of 5 census towns as compared to Census 2001. The Administrative set up during 2001 and 2011 of Chandigarh, which has lead from 1 town (Statutory Town) to 6 towns (1 Statutory Town & 5 Census Towns) with the decline from 24 villages to 5 villages in 2011. As per Census 2011, an area of 109.53 sq. km. is urban and 4.47 sq. km. is rural. Chandigarh is very near to be declared entirely urban city. The city has developed in almost all areas to maintain valuable sign of the city. On the rural side development is visible from merger of 12 villages inurbanized part. With the pace of urbanization, along with infrastructure development, availability of basic 10

amenities has improved. Decadal changes in administrative units of the city have been depicted below. 2001 2011 Districts Subdistricts No. of Towns Villages Districts Subdistricts Statutory Census Towns Towns No. of Towns Statutory Towns Census Towns Villages 1 1 1 0 24 1 1 1 5 5 ------------------------------- 11