INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION Human exposure to RF Don Heirman ACEC/TC106 Liaison Representative APEMC symposium May 2015 Copyright IEC, Geneva, Switzerland
TC106 Scope To prepare international standards on measurement and calculation methods to assess human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz). This includes: characterization of electromagnetic environments with regard to human exposure; measurement methods, instrumentation and procedures; Methods of assessing the rate of RF energy absorption per unit body mass for specific sources commonly called a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) measurement calculation methods; assessment of uncertainties basic standards for other sources; http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:7:0::::fsp_org_id,fsp_lang_id:1303,25 2
Radiated Emission Measurement Projects: Wireless Communications Typical SAR Results Single Mode and Band* While most countries have adopted a regulatory SAR limit of 2.0 W/kg averaged over a 10 g of tissue volume, the limit in a few countries is 1.6 W/kg averaged over 1 g of tissue (e.g. USA) 3
Issues: Radiated Emission Measurement Projects: Wireless Communications Effect of the hand in SAR testing The increase is sensitive to the palm distance from the handset, finger positions and contact of the finger tips with the phantom. The increase can reach higher levels when a finger touches the face while holding the handset. Mainly, increases were observed at frequencies between 1.8 and 2.1 GHz For a given handset, there does not seem to exist any method to predict the frequency and the realistic hand grip condition which creates the highest possible enhancement. IEC TC106 Maintenance Team 1 is addressing the issue; a) Consensus of the MT is to not include the hand, b) Scientific rationale for not using the hand in development 4
Radiated Emission Measurement Projects Examples: P61786-1ED 1.0: Measurement of DC magnetic, AC magnetic and AC electric fields with regard to exposure of human beings - Part 1: Requirements for measuring instruments (Published 12/12/2013)* P61786-2 ED 1.0: Measurement of low-frequency magnetic and electric fields with regard to exposure of human beings - Part 2: Guidance for measurements (Expected Pub Date: 2014) P62764-1 ED. 1.0: Procedures for the measurement of field levels generated by electronic and electrical equipment in the automotive environment with respect to human exposure - Part 1: Low frequency magnetic field (Approved New Work) *Horizontal Standard 5
Radiated Emission Measurement Projects: Wireless Communications Examples: IEC 62209-1 Ed. 2.0: Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communications devices Human models, instrumentation and procedures Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)* IEC 62209-2 Ed. 1.0: Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communications devices Human models, instrumentation and procedures Part 2: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for wireless communication devices used in close proximity to the human body (frequency range of 30 MHz to 6 GHz)* * Note that the Maintenance Team (MT-1) is exploring the possibility of combing these two standards and harmonizing with IEEE Std 1528-2013 for consideration as a dual logo standard. 6
Radiated Emission Measurement Projects: Wireless Communications Examples: P62232 Ed. 2.0: Determination of RF field strength and SAR in the vicinity of radio communication base stations for the purpose of evaluating human exposure (Expected CDV release date - July 2015; expected FDIS release date December 2015; expected publication date mid 2016) P62209-3: Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices - Human models, instrumentation, and procedures - Part 3: Vector probe systems (Frequency range of 100 MHz to 6 GHz) (New Project. Expected 1CD release date early 2015) 7
Numerical Analysis Projects: Wireless Communications Jointly developed IEC/IEEE projects: IEC/IEEE P62704-1: Determining the Peak Spatial-Average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Body from Wireless Communications Devices, 30 MHz - 6 GHz: General Requirements for using the Finite-Difference Time- Domain (FDTD) Method for SAR Calculations. (Now in IEEE sponsor ballot.) IEC/IEEE P62704-2: Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Body from Wireless Communications Devices: Specific Requirements for Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Modeling of Exposure from Vehicle Mounted Antennas. (Now in IEEE sponsor ballot.) 8
Numerical Analysis Projects: Wireless Communications Jointly developed IEC/IEEE projects: IEC/IEEE P62704-3: Determining the Peak Spatial-Average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Body from Wireless Communications Devices, 30 MHz - 6 GHz: Specific Requirements for using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Method for SAR Calculations of Mobile Phones. (Now in IEEE sponsor ballot.) IEC/IEEE P62704-4: Determining the Peak Spatial Average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Body from Wireless Communications Devices, 30 MHz 6 GHz: General Requirements for Using the Finite-Element Method (FEM) for SAR Calculations and Specific Requirements for Modeling Vehicle-Mounted Antennas and Personal Wireless Devices. (1CD release expected August 2015.) 9
Plenary Decisions of Interest (2014 Meeting) Ad-hoc Group established to investigate wireless power transfer group to report back at 2015 TC106 Plenary. Liaison with TC69 (Electric road vehicles and electric trucks) regarding wireless charging of E-vehicles: o TC106 Liaison officer nominated, o Liaison report presented at 2014 Plenary. IEC CO to take further steps to establish A-liaison with ITU- T and IEEE SCC39. TC106 will recommend to the Standardization Management Board that IEC committees should not provide exposure limits, e.g., as the basis for regulations the TCs should rely on the science-based standards and guidelines, e.g., those of IEEE and ICNIRP. 10
Plenary Decisions of Interest (2014 Meeting) Ad-hoc Group established to develop a guide for drafting EMF compliance assessment standards (similar to IEC Guide 107). o Describes the procedures for drafting IEC publications relating to compliance assessment with respect to limits for human exposure to electric, magnetic or electromagnetic (EM) fields (EM safety limits). o Applied when preparing new or revising existing publications or clauses on compliance testing with EM safety limits. o Facilitates development of new standards and revision and maintenance of existing standards. o Developed in collaboration with IEEE SCC39 TC34. o Promotes harmonization of standards by having a common understanding and agreement of the underlying principles. o First working draft prepared outline similar to IEC Guide 7. When complete, the guide will be offered by the CO to ACEC and ACOS to decide which of the two committees should take ownership. 11
Liaison coordination with ACEC ACEC s role Review TC106 documents that describe radiated emission measurements, instrumentation, and use of measurement uncertainty and propose changes Review application of Guide 107 with TC106 Guide 107: Electromagnetic compatibility - Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility publications Consider sponsorship of new guide for drafting EMF compliance assessment standards TC106 s role Review any EMC document that ACEC reviews that possess human exposure information Seek comments from ACEC on RF environment measurements 12
TC106 Plenary Next meeting: October 2015 Stresa, Italy In conjunction with CISPR and TC77 at same venue TC106 dashboard http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:29:0:: ::FSP_ORG_ID:1303#2 13
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION THANK YOU Copyright IEC, Geneva, Switzerland