Module I: Overview of Semantic Technologies and the Semantic Web

!"#$%&'(!)*+,"-"./(!012,2,.3(4(5"063+"#37!"#$%&'()(!"#*+,-.,/0(1(234(56/-76.(!"#$%&'(#)*+',-.'/0#'1#2)%34'5#67' Module I: Overview of Semantic Technologies and the Semantic Web Module I - Executive Briefing on Semantic Technologies and the Semantic Web [Course Day 1]!!!"#$%&'()%"*+"&*,$-."#+)%"*#%*#/.*0%'$1.*!! 2/+#*-1*3.4+")(*5.(/"%6%789*2/+#*-1*-#*:%%&*;%$9*!! 5/.*<==$.(-+)"7*>+6'.*%?*@A.+"-"7B*!! C.4%*!*!! A+==-"7*#/.*3.4+")(*5.$$+-"* DDDDD**E'"(/)4.*DDDDD*!! 0%4=+$-"7*3.4+")(*F-#/*0%"G.")%"+6*5.(/"%6%7-.1*!! C.4%*!!*!! 3#%(H-"7*I%'$*3.4+")(*5%%6J%K*!! L"%F6.&7.*A+"+7.4."#*+"&*#/.*3.4+")(*2.J* Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 2

The Semantic Wave is NOT one thing there are differing major streams within it!!the Semantic Web "! Information sharing on a global scale "! Intranets vs. Internet!!Semantic Technology "! Enhanced knowledge access and search "! Semantic Interoperability "! Information syndication "! and so forth Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 3 Semantic Web: Make web content machine-readable! The Semantic Web is a vision: the idea of having data on the Web defined and linked in a way that it can be used by machines not just for display purposes, but for automation, integration and reuse of data across various applications.[w3c 2001] The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation. [Tim Berners-Lee et al 2001] Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 4

What could the Web do? Can this sort of interaction become part of the Web itself? Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 5 How could the Web do it? Built-in by the Webmaster Agree upon an interlingua Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 6

What about XML? Doesn t it support semantics?!! M5AE*7+G.*'1*?%$4+N"7*#+71*!! OAE*7+G.*'1*('1#%4*#+71* "! I%'*7.#*#%*=-(H*8%'$*#+71P+Q$-J'#.1* "! 5+71*(+"*/+G.*B4.+"-"7R*1=.(-S(*#%*8%'$*+==6-(+)%"*!! A+"8*&-+6.(#1*/+G.*J6%11%4.&*!! OAE*+"&*OAE*3(/.4+*J.(+4.*2T0*1#+"&+$&1*!! *3#+"&+$&*&-+6.(#1*+$.*J.-"7*&.G.6%=.&*J8*4+"8* -"&'1#$8*7$%'=1*U*OVWEX%$7Y*;=AEX%$7Y*5+KAEX%$7Y*D**!! ZG.$8*6+$7.*%$7+"-[+)%"*/+1*#/.-$*%F"*OAE*3(/.4+1* Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 7 Gartner: All Tied Up with XML: 1999 Unprecedented growth of standard development Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 8

Gartner: All Tied Up with XML: 2001 From 2001 through 2004 enterprises spent $3 billion on modeling activities with no return on investment from $ 2 billion of it. Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 9 A new Web of terminology What s the Interlingua for the Interlingua? Use the same technology for mapping web pages to terminology to map terminology to one another Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 10

AAA Slogan - Anyone can say Anything about Any topic Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 11 Non-unique naming Java public String getcontextpath() { try { Method getcontextpathmethod = delegate.getclass().getmethod("getcontextpath", null); //$NON- NLS-1$ return (String) getcontextpathmethod.invoke(delegate, null); } catch (Exception e) { // ignore } return null; } Programming language? Hot Beverage? Java? Coffee? Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 12

What is Semantic Technology? Semantic technology (software) allows the meaning of and associations between information to be known and processed at execution time. For a semantic technology to be truly at work within a system, there must be a knowledge model of some part of the world (an active ontology) that is used by one or more applications at execution time. ((( -- TopQuadrant Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 13 Semantic Technology and the Internet Encoding Paradigm Creation Static Dynamic Transactional Semantic HTML CGI, Perl,... Hand crafted by people for people + RDBMS JSP, ASP, Java, Generated applying specific templates, used by people + XML J2EE,.NET, Generated by applications based on fixed schemas, used by applications and people + RDF, OWL? Generated by applications based on models, used by applications, devices and people Killer Apps Marketing Sales Service Integration! Browser! Search! Content Mgmt! Web Application Servers! Portals! Process Integration! Web Services! Advisors! Personal Agents! IP Apps! Cognitive Engines 1995 2000 2005 Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 14

Contrasting the Semantic Web and Semantic Technology Solutions!! 5/.8*-386.*-"*#/.-$* "! :%+61*U*9:,0*#/.8*F+"#*#%*+((%4=6-1/* "! >+6'.*=$%=%1-)%"1*U*9:;*J%#/.$*F-#/*#/.4* "! W.+&-".11*?%$*(%44.$(-+6*+==6-(+)%"*U*9:6/*#%*7.#*%"*#/.*#$+-"**!! 5/.8*/+G.*<"46("=6.7,#*-"*#/.-$*'1.*%?* "! 5%%61*\.X7XY*,"#%6%78*.&-#%$1]* "! >."&%$1*+"&*^$%&'(#1* "! 3%6')%"*+$(/-#.(#'$.1*!! 5/.8*<:,.6(3/(>"44"/** "! 3.4+")(*6+"7'+7.1*+"&*1#+"&+$&1** *\&.G.6%=.&*J8*#/.*2T0 2%$6&*2-&.*2.J*0%"1%$)'4]* "! ;%$*A%$.*!"?%$4+)%"*1..`*! +88#9::;;;<;=<"0.:(7! +88#9::;;;<;=<"0.:>??@:3;7 Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 15 W3C standards for semantic models!! 2T0*3.4+")(*1#+(H*-1*J'-6#*%"*OAE*!! OAE_J+1.&*,"#%6%78*6+"7'+7.1*+$.*J.-"7*&.G.6%=.&*#%* 1'==%$#*1.4+")(*-"#.$%=.$+J-6-#8X* Semantic Web is stimulating a whole new class of applications at individual, enterprise and web scales Eric Miller, W3C, Semantic Technologies for egov 2003 www.w3.org/ www.w3.org/2001/sw Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 16

Application integration today I+/%%a*;-"+"(.* MySimon Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 17 How do they do it?!! I+/%%a*+"&*A83-4%"*+$.*(%66.()"7*1-4=6.Y*F.66_ '"&.$1#%%&*&+#+*\=.$1%"+6*S"+"(-+6*$.(%$&1Y*$.#+-6* =$-(.1]X**!! ^$%7$+44.$1*J'-6#*+*1-"76.*=$%7$+4*?%$*+66*&+#+*1%'$(.1*!! C._?+(#%*1#+"&+$&1*\6-H.*b'-(H."]*+$.*+6$.+&8*-"*=6+(.* Simplest kind of Application Integration everyone agrees on a simple representation. Just use it! Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 18

It s supposed to be a web, after all! Mash-ups are not the responsibility of some service on the web They are the responsibility of the web infrastructure!! Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 19 How does it work? RDF the Ultimate Mash-up Language!! RDF RDF RDF RDF Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 20

Capability Case: Model-enabled Application Integrator Solution Story: Geospatial Mashup in TopBraid Composer A view of TopBraid Composer being used to connect a real estate ontology and other RDF resources with geospatial ontologies. Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 21 CapabilityCase: Semantic Multi-Faceted Search SolutionStory: BeachHouse search and bring the beach home Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 22

CapabilityCase: Semantic Multi-Faceted Search SolutionStory: Executive Search Company Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 23 Semantic Model-driven Applications 3.4+")(*5.(/"%6%78*1'==%$#1*".F*#8=.1*%?*';/,43>(?+<3/6<<(@##73>,A"/<( B'6<3C/6-(D".(+<6.<(((E((?+370(D".(>:,/C6F( Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 24

Capability Case: Semantic Portal CapabilityCase: Semantic Portal http://del.icio.us/capabilitycases/semanticportal Intellidimension s Semantic Portal Nokia s Mobile Phones Forum Ontference Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 25 CapabilityCase: Semantic Portal SolutionStory: Ontference Integrating multiple sources of information talk submissions, attendee registrations, user profiles: Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 26

CapabilityCase: Semantic Data Integrator SolutionStory: FAA Passenger Threat Analysis Systems developed in different work practice settings have different semantic structures for their data. Time-critical access to data is made difficult by these different semantics. Semantic Data Integration allows data to be shared and understood across these settings. Aviation Security Passenger Threat Analysis Data for passenger threat analysis comes from a wide range of heterogeneous, structured and unstructured sources, including the FBI most wanted list, flight details, news, public records, and biometrics. A solution built using Semagix Freedom allows security personnel to assess passenger threats while maintaining a high rate of passenger flow. Semagix Freedom interfaces with diverse information sources, extracts relevant information in near real-time, and then organizes and normalizes them based upon the ontology. It co-relates the information from different sources to determine possible threats. by discovering hidden relationships between seemingly unrelated pieces of information. Passenger Threat Analysis Console (Ontology-based Analysis) Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 27 Customer Story: Major retailer deploys customer site in 12 weeks A web portal for consumers to maintain information about their homes and belongings. Many different product all have different types of information. Generated Web UI (view and edit) JENA in-memory RDF Store (domain model) JENA in-memory RDF Store (form models) JENA in-memory RDF Store (USER 1 data). JENA in-memory RDF Store (USER N data) JENA SDB RDF Store (User Data) MySQL Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 28

TopBraid Live has an open Architecture Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 29 Graph stores!! ZK+4=6.*=$%&'(#1`*3."#."(.1Y*3.4+7-K*;$..&%4cY* d<w:y*0%7-#%*!! W%6.*-"*3.4+")(*2.J`** "!^$._&+#.*3.4+")(*2.J*3#+"&+$&1* "!3#$-(#68*1=.+H-"7Y*"%#*1.4+")(*F.Je** "!#8=-(+668*"%#*2T0*(%"?%$4+"#*!! M%F*#%*.G+6'+#.*%".`* "!3(+6+J-6-#8*\"'4J.$*%?*"%&.1Y*#/$%'7/='#]* "!b'.$8*6+"7'+7.* Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 30

Comparing Semantic and Relational RDB Semantic Model (Ontology)!"#$#%&'%('!)*+,-'./,*0()*'!"#$#%&'%('!11(22(34%,' 564)7,' 8-(1,**#)7' 9:,,3' #! Database must be designed to answer the questions #! Specific, typically complex, queries must be developed #! Inflexible: "! Database structure must be modified so it can continue to answer the questions "! Queries must be re-written "! Data must be ported #! Can be very fast with proper tuning mature technology: "! Known optimization approaches #!Certain queries, such as multi table joins and self joins are known to cause problems #! Ontology must be designed to answer the questions #!Queries can be generic and very simple #! Flexible: "! Ontology can be easily extended so it can continue to answer new questions "!No data porting required #! Not as fast, but improving, tuning does not affect flexibility: "! Adding more processing power and distributed computation helps #!Performs better than RDBMS for certain query types Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 31 Key differences in the representation of relationships 8).*9%):9/+'-,'.#:)3-%;09<;' =%,-.2)3-%' 6#).9%&'.#:)3-%;09<;' >0#'%)/?.#'-,'.#:)3-%;09<;' RDB #!Relationships are either 1:1, many:1 or many:many #!Many:many relationships must be broken into many:1 relationships by creating join tables #!Additional information about the relationship is represented by the extra columns in the join table #! Implicit #!Embedded in the name of the join table or in the name of the column #!Typically these names are not designed for ease of understanding of the nature of the relationship Semantic Model (Ontology) #!By default all relationships are many:many #!Functional properties and cardinality restrictions are used to specify 1:1, many:1 as well as other cardinalities #!It is possible to specify, for example, 1:4 or min 2, etc. #!Relationship is reified (made into a class) #!Additional information is represented as properties of the class #! Explicit #!Care is taken to name a relationship in a way that its nature and intentions are well understood Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 32

Properties (ST) vs. Attributes and Relations (OO)!!,2E*^$%=.$).1*$.=$.1."#*$.6+)%"1*J.#F.."*#F%* -"&-G-&'+61*G&"0(>7,<<6<H(!!,2E*^$%=.$#8*#8=.1`* "! IJK6>0(L."#6.A6<(6-"H*+"*-"&-G-&'+6*#%*+"*-"&-G-&'+6* "! ',0,0;#6(L."#6.A6<*6-"H*+"*-"&-G-&'+6*#%*1-4=6.*G+6'.1*! 2,8).)03A(B-"183A(3802,.3A((C""-)1,3A(1,D(3"(E"08+7! 1,(F$G(H*+)I1('1818/#)(#02I282J)(J1-K)("0(1,(L'M(-28)01-7!! 5/%1.*F-#/*,,*.K=.$-."(.P.K=.$)1.*4'1#*%G.$(%4.* #/.*#8=-(+6*=$._(%"(.=)%"*#/+#*=$%=.$).1*J.6%"7*#%*#/.* (6+11a* Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 33 Properties are first-class constructs 5/-1*+66%F1*$.6+)%"1/-=1*J.#F.."*^$%=.$).1*!!In contrast to most OO paradigms, where properties are owned or contained in Classes 5/-1*+66%F1*$.6+)%"1/-=1* J.#F.."*^$%=.$).1* /+1^+$."#* /+1A%#/.$* /+1;+#/.$* &(`($.+#%$* This is not a class diagram! 48`+'#/%$* and for other modelers to reuse properties BF/.$.G.$*!*'1.*#/.*=$%=.$#8* f+'#/%$gy*#.66*#/.*f%$6&*#/+#*#/.8* (+"*$.+&*f&(`($.+#%$gr* Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 34

In OWL, Properties may have Sub Properties!!!#*-1*=%11-J6.*#%*?%$4*/-.$+$(/-.1*%?*=$%=.$).1*\#/.1.*+$.* "%#*06+11*/-.$+$(/-.1]*!! 5/.*.-D<M<+JL."#6.0;ID*(%"1#$'(#*+66%F1*$.6+)%"1/-=1* #%*J.*+J1#$+(#.&*'=*#/.*1'J_=$%=.$#8*#$..X* Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 35 (ST) In OWL, Classes are inferred or computed!!,2e*(6+11.1*+$.*-"#.$=$.#.&*+1*<60<*#/+#*(%"#+-"* -"&-G-&'+61* "! <*(6+11*-1*/"0*+*H-"&*%?*#.4=6+#.*+1*-"*,,*#.(/"%6%78* "!!"*,2EY*(6+11.1*+$.*J'-6#*'=*%?*&.1($-=)%"1*#/+#*1=.(-?8*#/.*(%"&-)%"1*#/+#*4'1#*J.* 1+)1S.&*J8*+"*-"&-G-&'+6*#%*J.*+*4.4J.$*%?*#/.*(6+11**!! 3'J(6+11.1*+$.*1'J1.#1*%?*#/.-$*=+$."#*(6+11.1X***!! 3'=.$(6+11_1'J(6+11*$.6+)%"1/-=1*(+"*J.*(%4='#.&* +'#%4+)(+668*J8*+*.6,<"/6.( Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 36

Properties (ST) vs. Attributes and Relations (OO)!!,2E*^$%=.$).1*$.=$.1."#*$.6+)%"1*J.#F.."*#F%* -"&-G-&'+61*G&"0(>7,<<6<H(!!,2E*^$%=.$#8*#8=.1`* "! IJK6>0(L."#6.A6<(6-"H*+"*-"&-G-&'+6*#%*+"*-"&-G-&'+6* "! ',0,0;#6(L."#6.A6<*6-"H*+"*-"&-G-&'+6*#%*1-4=6.*G+6'.1*! 2,8).)03A(B-"183A(3802,.3A((C""-)1,3A(1,D(3"(E"08+7! 1,(F$G(H*+)I1('1818/#)(#02I282J)(J1-K)("0(1,(L'M(-28)01-7!! 5/%1.*F-#/*,,*.K=.$-."(.P.K=.$)1.*4'1#*%G.$(%4.* #/.*#8=-(+6*=$._(%"(.=)%"*#/+#*=$%=.$).1*J.6%"7*#%*#/.* (6+11a* Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 37 Semantic Web OO Gotchas!!"*#/.*3.4+")(*2.JY*8%'*-"?.$*#/.*(6+11*%?*+"*%Jh.(#X* 5/.*(6+11*%?*+"*%Jh.(#*(+"*(/+"7.`* *%G.$*)4.* *F-#/*F/+#*8%'*H"%FPJ.6-.G.* *F-#/*F/%4*8%'*#$'1#* ^$%=.$).1*+$.*S$1#_(6+11*%Jh.(#1*\-"&.=."&."#*%?*(6+11.1a]* *^$%=.$).1*?%$4*/-.$+$(/-.1*+1*F.66*+1*(6+11.1* i%*j./+g-%$*-1*&.1($-j.&*+"8f/.$.*u*%"68*3/d6.6/>3/c( A'6)=6.*1.#*4.4J.$1/-=*-1*(%44%"=6+(.* *i%*,,*-"/.$-#+"(.* Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 38

How Semantic Languages Work V$-"7*-"?%$4+)%"*#%7.#/.$* C$+F*3/D6.6/>6<*?%$*?'$#/.$*=$%(.11-"7* RDF OWL RDFS Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 39 What is RDF?!! WC;*\(.1%'$(.*@.1($-=)%"*A$+4.F%$H]*-1*+"* -"?$+1#$'(#'$.*?%$`* "! Z"(%&-"7Y* "! ZK(/+"7.*+"&** "! C-1#$-J')"7*4.#+&+#+* RDF Triple: Subject Safety Harbor Predicate Object offers Massage Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 40

RDF: A distributed network of data! RDF Files: bags of triples Safety Harbor offers Facial offeredby Massage Safety Harbor Safety Harbor offers offeredby Facial Massage Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 41 RDFS is a schema language for RDF WC;3*+66%F1*'1*#%*($.+#.*G%(+J'6+$-.1* Resort Activity rdfs:subclassof rdfs:subclassof Spa Treatment rdf:type Safety Harbor rdfs:domain offers rdfs:range rdf:type offers Massage Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 42

RDFS is RDF, too! SafetyHarbor offers Massage Resort Spa rdfs:subclassof If the bags contain RDFS key symbols, then RDFS can infer certain conclusions offers rdfs:domain Spa rdf:type Safety Harbor Resort Spa rdfs:subclassof Activity Treatment rdfs:subclassof rdf:type Safety Harbor rdfs:domai n offers rdfs:range rdf:type offers Massage Copyright 2007-2008 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 43