Reminders Lab opens from today Wednesday 4:00-5:30pm, Friday 1:00-2:30pm Location: MK228 Each student checks out one sensor mote for your Lab 1 The TA will be there to help your lab work Many students want to use the extra I/O pins on TelosB motes for projects Some information and tutorials has been posted on course website Be careful on soldering work ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 1
ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design Android Introduction Wei Gao Fall 2015 2
What is Android? Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware, and key applications. http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-isandroid.html Android Software Development Kit (SDK) http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html Provides the tools and APIs to begin developing applications on the Android platform using Java. Includes a debugger, libraries, a handset emulator (based on QEMU), documentation, sample code, and tutorials ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 3
What is Android? Google Play is an online software store developed by Google for Android devices http://play.google.com Counterpart of Apple Store As of December 2010, the Android Market (precedent of Google Play) had over 200,000 applications You can develop your program and publish it to the world! Java programming given the Android APIs! ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 4
History Android mobile operating system initially developed by Android Inc Android was bought by Google in 2005 Google and other members of the Open Handset Alliance collaborated on Android's development and release Android has been available under a free software / open source license since October, 2008 ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 5
History Android versions Improved performance, VM support, and sensing APIs New UI framework, graphics and multi-core support 4G support, WiFi p2p connections ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 6
Android Overview Hardware platform ARM architecture Powered by the Linux kernel v2.6 Consists of 12 million lines of code including: 3 million lines of XML 2.8 million lines of C 2.1 million lines of Java 1.75 million lines of C++ Comparing with TinyOS ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 7
Android System Architecture Middleware ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 8
Middleware Software above the OS Provides services to (user) software applications beyond those available from the OS Advantages of middleware Separate less important functionalities out from OS kernel micro -kernel Easier for developers to perform communication and I/O Better APIs More efficient resource management Easy debugging ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 9
Android Middleware Constraints on smartphones Processor capabilities Memory constraint Limited battery life Middleware provides system services in a more efficient way Linux kernel in Android: Process management and scheduling Power management Hardware drivers ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 10
Android Middleware http://developer.android.com/about/versions/index. html Application framework Direct APIs to application Window, user activity, resource, notifications, location services Windows 7: everything in the system kernel Libraries WebKit, OpenGL, SSL, etc. ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 11
Android Middleware Android Runtime Davlik Virtual Machine: optimized for mobile devices Each application in Android runs as a separate instance of Davlik virtual machine Expensive: 2-3 times slower than Java SE embedded Robust, reliable, and secure Each application runs as a separate process Linux permission is only given to the application itself Principle of least privilege ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 12
Android Application Components Activity: visual user interface Activities work together to form a cohesive user interface http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamentals. html ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 13
Android Application Components Service: runs in the background for an indefinite period of time Comparable to Windows services Example: Media player s music playback service Comparison: third-party background service is not allowed on iphone Concerns: system stability and cost, user security ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 14
Android Application Components Content provider Makes a specific set of the application's data available to other applications Enables other applications to retrieve and store data of the type it controls Interaction among applications: system call Any application can start another application s component Application launching camera/map applications ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 15
Android Application Components Broadcast receivers: System-wide event notification Screen turned on, radio on/off, battery low, etc. Application-specific broadcasts Status bar notification instead of user interface ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 16
ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design Android SDK Installation Wei Gao Fall 2014 17
Development Environments Operating System Windows XP (32-bit), Vista (32- or 64-bit), or Windows 7 (32- or 64-bit) Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later (Leopard, x86 only) Linux (tested on Ubuntu Linux, Lucid Lynx) GNU C Library (glibc) 2.7 or later is required. On Ubuntu Linux, version 8.04 or later is required. 64-bit distributions must be capable of running 32-bit applications IDE: Eclipse is recommended Make sure you use Eclipse IDE for Java Developers Eclipse JDT plug-in JRE & JDK 1.6 and above ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 18
Installation Steps http://developer.android.com/sdk/installing.html Install Java SDK Install Eclipse IDE Install Android SDK Installing ADT plug-in for Eclipse Adding Platforms and Components ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 19
Install Android SDK http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html Android SDK manager ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 20
Install Android Developer Toolkit (ADT) Plugins ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 21
Install Android Developer Toolkit (ADT) Plugins ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 22
Install Android Developer Toolkit (ADT) Plugins ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 23
Configure ADT Plugins ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 24
Configure ADT Plugins ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 25
Device Driver For you to upload the program onto the phone Windows Download and install the Google ADB driver here http://web.eecs.utk.edu/~weigao/ece455/fall2015/google -adb-drivers.zip Mac OS X/Linux Read the instructions below http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/device.ht ml ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 26
HelloWorld Demo Create an Android project ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 27
HelloWorld Demo Project properties: ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 28
HelloWorld Demo Edit MainActivity.onCreate() ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 29
HelloWorld Demo Connect the phone to USB Run the program as an Android application Eclipse automatically compile the program into a.apk file and uploads it to the phone If you don t have a phone connected, it will run on an Android emulator ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 30
Android Emulator Automatically switch to emulator when no phone device is connected ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design 31