CLEAN ENERGY IS POSSIBLE

Front Lines of ope CLEAN ENERGY IS POSSIBLE ow Scripps and NextEra Collaborate to Make it Prac9cal and Plen9ful

An introduction to PROF. ROY PERIANA EDUCATION B.S. University of Michigan Ph.D. University of California Berkeley COMPANIES Dow Chemical Company Monsanto Cataly9ca, Inc. Cataly9ca Advanced Technologies ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS The University of Southern California Director of the Scripps Energy & Materials Center at The Scripps Research Ins9tute

An introduction to TE TEAM DR. BRIAN ASIGUCI University of Wisconsin, Ph.D. DR. MIKE KONNICK University of Wisconsin, Ph.D. PROF. DANIEL ESS Brigham Young University MR. STEVEN BISCOF TSRI

TE CALLENGE

The Challenge ENERGY SECURITY Source: hnp://www.energybulle9n.net/37329.html

The Challenge WERE DOES OUR ENERGY COME FROM? 37% OIL 21% COAL 8% RENEWABLE 9% NUCLEAR 25% NATURAL GAS

The Challenge CAN WE SUSTAIN OUR LIFESTYLE? Climate change Energy security Limited resources Sustainability

TE VISION

The Vision FUEL ENERGY MATERIALS NATURAL GAS ECONOMY RENEWABLES ECONOMY Clean unlimited supply OIL ECONOMY Limited insecure Cleaner 300 year Supply in the US

The Vision SCRIPPS & NextEra A partnership to take on global energy challenges.

TE SOLUTION

The Vision A RELEVANT POINT The significant problems we face can not be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them. - Albert Einstein

The Solution TE REAL CULPRIT...we are failing to understand why we are failing. All of these problems have a single, linle no9ced root cause: We have been living off low- hanging fruit (Technology) for at least three hundred years. We have built social and economic ins9tu9ons on the expecta9on of a lot of low- hanging fruit, but that fruit is mostly gone.

The Solution NEED NEW NATURAL GAS TECNOLOGY TODAY eat It and Beat It TOMORROW Cool Chemistry Too expensive and complex Low cost and simple NOT POSSIBLE TODAY WY?

The Solution CALLENGE: METANE IS VERY STABLE No chemistry to break strong C- bond at lower temperatures TODAY ~1000 o C C ~200 o C TOMORROW C O METANOL : weak bonds OIL OF TE FUTURE

The Solution NEXT GENERATION ENERGY STORAGE Must store energy during peak produc9on 9mes RENEWABLES STORAGE TE MISSING LINK WY?

The Solution NEED NEW BATTERY STORAGE TECONOLOGY SUBSTANCE ENERGY DENSITY (MJ/L) LiB 4 43.4 Li ion batteries 17 miles Gasoline Liquid ydrogen 34.8 8 Li Ion BaNery 2 Gasoline 300 miles CEAPER SMALLER RELIABLE SAFE Next Generation LiB 4 batteries 370 miles NOT POSSIBLE TODAY WY?

The Solution CALLENGE: BORAX IS VERY STABLE BORAX Strong B- O bonds O O B O - O NOT POSSIBLE TODAY O B - O AIR (O 2 ) + No chemistry to break strong B- O bonds at low temperatures B 4 : fuel Weak B- bonds

The Solution WY LIB 4 & BORAX? NEXT GENERATION BATTERY igh energy weak bonds B - RENEWABLES O O B O - O BORAX Low energy strong bonds

The Solution CEMISTRY OF STRONG BONDS: BROAD APPLICABILITY O O B O C METANE Strong C- bonds - O BORAX Strong B- O bonds NATURAL GAS ECONOMY CORE SCIENCE OF SEMC NEW BATTERY STORAGE TECONOLOGY C B O - Weak C- bonds Weak B- bonds

WAT CEMISTRY TO BREAK STRONG BONDS AT LOW TEMPERATURES?

The Solution CURRENT CEMISTRY: IG TEMPERATURE TO BREAK STRONG BONDS STARTING MATERIALS TRANSITION STATE VERY REACTIVE SPECIES O O O O O O 3C 3C 3C Strong force between atoms (bonds) Vibrate atoms with heat to overcome force Free atoms and fragments CO2 + 2O MIXTURE OF PRODUCTS 3C 3C 3C 3C O O O O

The Solution CATALYSIS TO TE RESCUE STARTING MATERIALS O O 3C TRANSITION STATE O O STABLE INTERMEDIATE STATE O O PRODUCTS 3C 3C 3C Catalysis- person Lower temperatures Control fragments O

The Solution TE MAGIC OF CATALYSIS

The Solution CEMISTRY OF STRONG BONDS: BROAD APPLICABILITY C METANE Strong C- bonds LOWER TEMPERATURE CEMISTRY C O Weak C- bonds O O B O - O BORAX Strong B- O bonds CORE SCIENCE OF SEMC: CATALYST DESINGED FOR STRONG BONDS NEW BATTERY STORAGE TECONOLOGY B - Weak B- bonds

The Solution TE CEMISTRY OF STRONG BONDS IS GAME CANGING Technological leadership Reduced dependence on oil Sustainability Cleaner planet Borax (B 2 O 3 ) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Energy security New economy Jobs Mi9gate climate change Global leaders Methane (C 4 ) Nitrogen (N 2 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) Water ( 2 O)

CURRENT STATUS

Current Status MOST ACTIVE CATALYST KNOWN TODAY CC NOT FAST ENOUG First efficient system aher ~40 years of research by community 5 years of research with ~2.5 people OW TO REDUCE TE TIME TO MAKE IT?

Current Status METANE TO METANOL in an undergraduate lab

Current Status EARLY APPLICATION: ASSOCIATED GAS 25% of US needs flared each year Current technology cannot be use Need a small compact unit Working with engineering firm in Florida to secure investment to build prototype

Current Status EARLY APPLICATIONS CAN DRIVE BATTERY RESEARC

NEXT STEPS

Next Steps BREAKTROUG CEMISTRY The chemistry of strong bonds is game changing Technological leadership Reduced dependence on oil Sustainability Borax (B 2 O 3 ) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Cleaner planet Energy security New economy Jobs Mi9gate climate change Global leaders Methane (C 4 ) Nitrogen (N 2 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) Water ( 2 O)

Next Steps CATALYST DESIGN CANNOT BE EMPIRICAL

Next Steps KNOWLEDGE GUIDES WORK Scien9fic progress follows S- curve GOALS Wrong Aromatization alogenation igh valent metal oxides OsO 4, RuO n C Activation Methane mono-oxygenase Wrong Metal oxides MoO n, VPO n Powerful oxidants S 2 O 8 2-, 2 O 2 Sacrificial reductants (CO, 2 ) Super-acids +, O +, I + Oxidative coupling Need Accurate fundamental knowledge to know when to Move to New Learning Curve Many approaches but few that provide solu9on

Next Steps INTEGRATION OF TEORY & EXPERIMENT This can reduce research 9me by 50%. Experimental Mechanis9c model Molecular Design aided by rapid Quantum Chemistry Integrate mechanis9c knowledge with Combinatorial Computa9on Speed up and Reduce Costs for lead Iden9fica9on and Op9miza9on Catalyst Synthesis Catalyst Tes9ng

Next Steps CONCEPTUAL DESIGNS

Next Steps STILL NEED TO MAKE STUFF Person- power intensive

Next Steps EXAMPLE OF NEW CATALYST DESIGN Labor intensive Can take 6 people- months to make!

Next Steps USE ROBOTICS TO SCREEN Fully Automated it Picker Automated Worksta9ons Assay Development Compound Library Screening System Integrated compound storage Primary screening system Follow up screening system it- picker Confirma9on it profiling Robo9cs System

Next Steps KEYS TO SUCCESS Molecular catalysis new approach: NEW approach to FUELS, ENERGY, & MATERIALS Focus on all strong bonds Cri9cal Mass and sustained effort by best minds in one building Mul9disciplinary approach Leverage by combina9on of Industry, Government and philanthropy Entrepreneurial culture Focus on solu9ons as opposed to only study

Next Steps SCRIPPS & NextEra A partnership to take on global energy challenges. The world s first center dedicated to chemistry of all strong bonds.

Next Steps TECNOLOGICAL ROAD MAP TODAY TOMORROW LONG TERM igh Temperatures technologies Petroleum based economy Insecurity Excess CO 2 emissions Climate Change Unsustainable No technological advantages Lower temperatures technologies Natural gas economy Energy Security Reduce CO 2 Mi9gate Climate change More sustainable Technological advantages Next Genera9on technologies Clean electricity economy Energy independence No CO 2 Sustainable Technology leader