Online Appendix: Are Universities Becoming More Unequal? Yan Lau Harvey S. Rosen July 2015 Economics Department, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202. [Email: yanlau@reed.edu] Department of Economics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544. [Email: hsr@princeton.edu]
Figure A1: Income by Quartile for Public Carnegie Classifications Per FTE Student (Public Research) Total (Public Research) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 500000 1000000150000020000002500000 0 5 10 15 20 25 Per FTE Student (Public Masters) 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 Total (Public Masters) Per FTE Student (Public Associates) Total (Public Associates) 0 5 10 15 20 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 Note: Income is defined as the sum of tuition, government grants, private gifts and investment income, and other sources. See the text for details. All dollar amounts are expressed in 2010 dollars; the CPI for Urban Consumers is used to account for changes in the price level. 1
Figure A2: Income by Quartile for Private Carnegie Classifications Per FTE Student (Private Research) Total (Private Research) 50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 1000000 0 1000000 2000000 3000000 0 10 20 30 40 50 Per FTE Student (Private Masters) 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 Total (Private Masters) Per FTE Student (Private Bachelors) Total (Private Bachelors) 20 0 20 40 60 80 0 50000 100000 150000 Note: Income is defined as the sum of tuition, government grants, private gifts and investment income, and other sources. See the text for details. All dollar amounts are expressed in 2010 dollars; the CPI for Urban Consumers is used to account for changes in the price level. 2
Figure A3: Expenditure by Quartile for Public Carnegie Classifications 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Per FTE Student (Public Research) 0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000 2500000 Total (Public Research) Per FTE Student (Public Masters) Total (Public Masters) 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 100000 200000 300000 0 5 10 15 20 Per FTE Student (Public Associates) 0 25000 50000 75000 100000125000150000 Total (Public Associates) Note: Expenditures are the sum of spending on instruction, research, academic support, student services, and other items. Further details are provided in the text. All dollar amounts are expressed in 2010 dollars; the CPI for Urban Consumers is used to account for changes in the price level. 3
Figure A4: Expenditure by Quartile for Private Carnegie Classifications 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 Per FTE Student (Private Research) 0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000 2500000 Total (Private Research) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Per FTE Student (Private Masters) 0 25000 50000 75000 100000125000150000 Total (Private Masters) 0 10 20 30 40 50 Per FTE Student (Private Bachelors) 0 15000 30000 45000 60000 75000 90000 Total (Private Bachelors) Note: Expenditures are the sum of spending on instruction, research, academic support, student services, and other items. Further details are provided in the text. All dollar amounts are expressed in 2010 dollars; the CPI for Urban Consumers is used to account for changes in the price level. 4
Figure A5: Endowment by Quartile for Public Carnegie Classifications 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Per FTE Student (Public Research) 0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000 2500000 Total (Public Research) 0 5 10 15 20 Per FTE Student (Public Masters) 0 25000 50000 75000 100000125000150000 Total (Public Masters) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Per FTE Student (Public Associates*) 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 Total (Public Associates*) Note: *The quartiles for public associates institutions are imprecise because of low sample size. Each year, only around 16 institutions participated in the NACUBO endowment survey, from which the endowment data is obtained. All dollar amounts are expressed in 2010 dollars; the CPI for Urban Consumers is used to account for changes in the price level. 5
Figure A6: Endowment by Quartile for Private Carnegie Classifications 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Per FTE Student (Private Research) 0 3000000 6000000 9000000 Total (Private Research) Per FTE Student (Private Masters) Total (Private Masters) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Per FTE Student (Private Bachelors) 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 Total (Private Bachelors) Note: All dollar amounts are expressed in 2010 dollars; the CPI for Urban Consumers is used to account for changes in the price level. 6
Figure A7: Income s for Public Carnegie Classifications Per FTE Student (Public Research) Total (Public Research) Per FTE Student (Public Masters) Total (Public Masters) Per FTE Student (Public Associates) Total (Public Associates) 7
Figure A8: Income s for Private Carnegie Classifications Per FTE Student (Private Research) Total (Private Research) 1.28 1.73 Per FTE Student (Private Masters) Total (Private Masters) Per FTE Student (Private Bachelors) Total (Private Bachelors) Note: The Gini coefficients among private research and private bachelors institutions for 2009 experienced significant increases because of negative incomes. Gini coefficients can exceed one when some observations have negative incomes. In the graphs, we have capped Gini coefficient values at 1. 8
Figure A9: Expenditure s for Public Carnegie Classifications Per FTE Student (Public Research) Total (Public Research) Per FTE Student (Public Masters) Total (Public Masters) Per FTE Student (Public Associates) Total (Public Associates) 9
Figure A10: Expenditure s for Private Carnegie Classifications Per FTE Student (Private Research) Total (Private Research) Per FTE Student (Private Masters) Total (Private Masters) Per FTE Student (Private Bachelors) Total (Private Bachelors) 10
Figure A11: Endowment s for Public Carnegie Classifications Per FTE Student (Public Research) Total (Public Research) Per FTE Student (Public Masters) Total (Public Masters) Per FTE Student (Public Associates*) Total (Public Associates*) Note: *The Gini coefficients for public associates institutions are imprecise because of low sample size. Each year, only around 16 institutions participated in the NACUBO endowment survey, from which the endowment data is obtained. 11
Figure A12: Endowment s for Private Carnegie Classifications Per FTE Student (Private Research) Total (Private Research) Per FTE Student (Private Masters) Total (Private Masters) Per FTE Student (Private Bachelors) Total (Private Bachelors) 12
Figure A13: Income, Expenditure and Endowment by Quartile among Research Universities (a) Income by Quartile 0 50 100 150 200 Per FTE Student (Research Pub & Pri) 0 1000000 2000000 3000000 Total (Research Pub & Pri) (b) Expenditure by Quartile 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Per FTE Student (Research Pub & Pri) 0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000 2500000 Total (Research Pub & Pri) (c) Endowment by Quartile 0 100 200 300 400 Per FTE Student (Research Pub & Pri) 0 1500000 3000000 4500000 6000000 Total (Research Pub & Pri) Note: Averages for research universities both public and private as defined by Carnegie Classification. All dollar amounts are expressed in 2010 dollars; the CPI for Urban Consumers is used to account for changes in the price level. 13
Figure A14: Income, Expenditure and Endowment s among Research Universities (a) Income Gini Per FTE Student (Research Pub & Pri) Total (Research Pub & Pri) (b) Expenditure Gini Per FTE Student (Research Pub & Pri) Total (Research Pub & Pri) (c) Endowment Gini Per FTE Student (Research Pub & Pri) Total (Research Pub & Pri) 14