Applying Systems Thinking to Mobile Networking

Transcription

1 Applying Systems Thinking to Mobile Networking Kevin Shatzkamer CTO, Mobile Networks Brocade Communications

2 About The Speaker Currently CTO, Mobile Networking at Brocade Communications Previously, Cisco Systems (14 years) Left Cisco as Distinguished Systems Engineer Education: Massachusetts Institute of Technology MS Engineering Management (SDM) Indiana University Masters of Business Administration University of Florida BS, Industrial and Systems Engineering MIT SDM Thesis: Virtual Mobile Networking Using Always Best Connected Business Relationships Author: IP Design for Mobile Networks (2009) Building the Mobile Internet (2011) Inventor: 24 issued US Patents. 50+ Pending Patents

3 Generations and Standards for Cellular Networks Requirements: 2015? 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 4G 5G Focus of today s session

4 Mobile Network Challenges Encountered by SP Mobile Data Growth 1 Spectrum Scarcity 2 Encrypted Traffic 3 IoT and M2M Modules 4 Indoor Consumption 5 10X Growth in mobile data between 2013 and B Smartphone subscriptions by B today Mobile BB accounts for 80% of all mobile subscriptions in % today FCC: 275MHz Spectrum deficit in 2015 Wireless traffic far outpacing improvements in spectral efficiency NA: 2X SSL since 2013 Europe 4X Latin America 5X HTTP/2 encrypted by default Google prioritizing encrypted destinations in search results 25B things by 2020 ~4B Today 3.5X devices 2017: Surpasses PC, Tablet, and phone market combined 80% of mobile traffic originates indoors 40% Home, 25% Work Video Dominant Only 2% of commercial real estate includes inbuilding wireless solutions The System: High Aggregates + High Variances + Constrained Resources + Unpredictability

5 Mobile Service Provider Economics Annual Revenue Per GB and TCO By Technology Total Revenue/GB/Yr Falling Faster than Costs/GB/Yr Results in Declining Margins TWO GOALS: Counterbalance decline in Revenue/GB by delivering new Value-Add Services Accelerate decline in TCO/GB by optimizing CAPEX/OPEX Source: Strategy Analytics

6 Service Providers as Enablers of Cloud Services Today Future Cellular Bill $15 / month $63 / month Connected Fitness $3 / month $8 / month Connected Health Connected Cars $13 / mo. $5 / mo. Cellular Operator $3 / mo. $25 / mo. Free Connected Cities Connected Home Free Free Competing with OTT for Consumer Wallet Connected Consumer Facilitating Access to Cloud Services

7 Mobile Industry Architecture Thoughts Fundamental technology shifts in long-held beliefs in mobile networking are occurring Devices / Appliances EPC (MME, SGW, PGW), Gi LAN Vertically-Integrated / Access Dependent IMS, VoLTE Protocols RADIUS, Diameter, SIP Virtualization /Services / Software Virtual Network Functions & Service Chains Horizontally-Integrated / Universally Accessible VoWiFi, OTT Messaging, Multi-Screen APIs REST + Inband, OMA, GSMA OneAPI Access- Centric driven by new business models with different economics Cloud- Based Internet of Everything / Machine to Machine Alternative MVNO Models (i.e., WiFi First) Cloud Ops + SP Networking + NFV + SDN Business Intelligence / Data Analytics Unbundling of Services / Consumerization of IT OpenX (-Stack, -NFV, -Compute, -ID, etc.) 7

8 Mobile Systems Ideal For Systems Thinking 10,000,000s of Subscribers 1,000,000s of Applications 100,000s of NW Elements 10,000s of Cell Sites 1,000s of Services 100s of Vendors 10s of Ops teams 1s of CTOs Small Cell SON Hybrid SON RAN Analytics Macro SON HLR / HSS Policy Analytics ANDSF Macro 2G/3G/4G Consumer Broadband Femto / WiFI Enterprise Small Cell 3G/4G/WiFi Backhaul IP Transport Small Cell GWs, MME Mobile Termination Broadband Termination S/P-GW + MME BNG Network Services Application Terminating IMS Services CDN webrtc GW Application Transparent Firewall / NAT Video/Traffic Optimization Enhanced Charging Content Filtering Header Enrichment Application Detection & Optimization Traffic Control and Reporting 3 rd Party Apps Internet TWO GOALS: Counterbalance decline in Revenue/GB by delivering new Value-Add Services in an increasingly OTT World Accelerate decline in TCO/GB by optimizing CAPEX/OPEX in an increasingly complex world

9 Systems and Controllers in Mobile RAN Orchestration Self Optimizing Networks (SON) NW Controller Software Defined Networks (SDN) Mobile Policy Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) Access Domain Radio Access Networks (RAN) Mobile Edge Evolved Packet Core and SGi Transport Domain Routing and Switching (IP Backhaul)

10 Components of a Mobile System RAN Orchestration NW Controller Mobile Policy RAN Analytics Network Analytics Web Services APIs Small Cell SON Macro SON SDN Controller Identity HSS/AAA Policy ANDSF, PCRF, OCS Analytics RAN APIs and Adaptors Infra. APIs and Adaptors Mobile APIs and Adaptors Macro 2G/3G/4G Gateway Services NW / App Services SaaS Providers CDN Providers Consumer Broadband Femto / WiFI MME SGW PGW SC GW 3G GW PCEF FW NAT DPI CDN Video Opt. Appl. Opt. OTT Apps Operator Apps Enterprise Small Cell 3G/4G/WiFi Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Platform Management and Orchestration (MANO) Enterprise Apps IOE Apps Access Domain Transport Domain Mobile Network Edge

11 Top of Mind Mobile Systems Requirements Economics of Access & RAN Orchestra4on Coverage op6miza6ons with Self- Op6mizing Networks (SON), Centralized RAN Capacity underlays with SON, WiFi, Small Cells Simplified RAN convergence with HetNet, Hotspot 2.0, ANDSF technologies Op4mized Transport and Network Orchestra4on RAN- Aware, Virtualiza6on- Aware infrastructure Massively scalable, smarter, more adaptable Internet API- based Programmability/Visibility (SDN) Next- Genera4on Mobile Edge & Mobile Orchestra4on Virtualiza6on improves resource u6liza6on, Analy6cs- Driven Opera6ons models Extends from RAN (Centralized RAN, Baseband pooling) through Datacenter Applica6ons to the Edge - Distributed IaaS/PaaS for SaaS/CDN/ OTT providers New Business Models Pla^orm for new MVNOs, IoT/IoE applica6ons, Cloud organiza6ons, Media companies, Enterprise New analy4cs- driven business models (e.g., ad- funded mobile broadband) Network intelligence as a Big Data source

12 Mobile Systems Are An Ideal Opportunity to Apply Systems Thinking Many System Components Well-defined Boundaries High Degree of Complexity Many Interactions Highly Granular Time Bounds Material (Bearer Traffic) and Information Flows well-understood Interdependence on interoperable parts

13 Radio Access Network System Capabilities Small Cell SON Hybrid SON Macro SON HLR / HSS RAN Analytics Policy Analytics ANDSF Macro 2G/3G/4G Consumer Broadband Femto / WiFI Enterprise Small Cell 3G/4G/WiFi Economics of Access: Radio Access Networks (RANs) Mobile Termination Small Cell GWs, MME Primary network bottleneck: High user-plane congestion Backhaul S/P-GW + MME High CAPEX (infrastructure, deployment), High OPEX (mostly power) IP Coverage vs. Transport Capacity: large cells vs. small cells Multi-access technologies & Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) BNG Network Services Application Terminating IMS Services CDN webrtc GW Application Transparent Firewall / NAT Video/Traffic Optimization Enhanced Charging Content Filtering Header Enrichment Application Detection & Optimization Traffic Control and Reporting Visibility: Connected subscribers, congestion Broadband information, Termination cell neighbors, modulation scheme per subscriber Control: RAN Quality of Service (QCI Value), Scheduler, Broadcast/Multicast (embms) Investments: C-RAN, Small Cells, WiFi, Hotspot rd Party Apps Internet

14 RAN Orchestration System Capabilities Small Cell SON Hybrid SON Macro SON HLR / HSS RAN Analytics Policy Analytics ANDSF Macro 2G/3G/4G Consumer Broadband Femto / WiFI Enterprise Small Cell 3G/4G/WiFi RAN Orchestration: Self Optimizing Networks Mobile Termination Neighbor relationships, transmission Small Cell GWs, power, MME mobility events Backhaul Analytics -> From collection to automation (Real-time retuning) S/P-GW + MME 3G + LTE + WiFi = IP Single pool of resources, managed together Transport Visibility: BNG Complete RAN topology, neighbors, congestion Control: Broadband Termination Transmission power, handover settings, Neighbor cell list Investments: Automated SON Solutions, HetNet Network Services Application Terminating IMS Services CDN webrtc GW Application Transparent Firewall / NAT Video/Traffic Optimization Enhanced Charging Content Filtering Header Enrichment Application Detection & Optimization Traffic Control and Reporting 3 rd Party Apps Internet

15 RAN Backhaul System Capabilities Small Cell SON Hybrid SON Macro SON HLR / HSS RAN Analytics Policy Analytics ANDSF Macro 2G/3G/4G Consumer Broadband Femto / WiFI Enterprise Small Cell 3G/4G/WiFi Backhaul IP Transport Optimized Transport: RAN Backhaul Networks Network Services Application Terminating Mobile Termination IMS Services Multiple technologies: Ethernet, IP, CDN Optical, Microwave Small Cell GWs, MME 3 S/P-GW + MME webrtc GW rd Party Multiple topologies: P2P, P2MP, Ring, Mesh Apps Unique performance characteristics Application per technology Transparent Firewall / NAT Partition backhaul BW between 3 access Video/Traffic networks Optimization (3G, LTE, WiFi) Internet Partition backhaul BW between multi-tiered BNG Enhanced Charging RAN (small + macro) Content Filtering Visibility: Header Enrichment Broadband Termination Application Detection & Backhaul congestion, routing/paths Optimization Control: Traffic Control and Reporting Transport QoS (DSCP), path selection Investments: SDN, Analytics

16 Mobile Edge System Capabilities Small Cell SON Hybrid SON Macro SON HLR / HSS RAN Analytics Policy Analytics ANDSF Macro 2G/3G/4G Consumer Broadband Femto / WiFI Backhaul IP Transport Mobile Internet Edge: Mobile Packet Core (MPC) Central point of bearer plane intelligence Long-lived user context requires high session statefulness Integration and termination of multiple RANs Enterprise Small Cell 3G/4G/WiFi Visibility: Subscriber state (Active/Idle) and context, active subscriber profile, byte counts, handover events Control: Flow QoS (DSCP->QCI), Policy & Charging Enforcement (PCEF), Subscriber disconnect Investments: Capacity (Ctrl & Bearer), NFV Small Cell GWs, MME Mobile Termination Broadband Termination S/P-GW + MME BNG Network Services Application Terminating IMS Services CDN webrtc GW Application Transparent Firewall / NAT Video/Traffic Optimization Enhanced Charging Content Filtering Header Enrichment Application Detection & Optimization Traffic Control and Reporting 3 rd Party Apps Internet

17 Mobile Services Edge System Capabilities Small Cell SON Hybrid SON Macro SON HLR / HSS RAN Analytics Policy Analytics ANDSF Macro 2G/3G/4G Mobile Services Edge: The Gi LAN Backhaul Small Cell GWs, MME Mobile Termination S/P-GW + MME IP Contains all termination services Transport Consumer Application/Video/Transport Broadband optimization, Firewall/NAT, Deep Packet Inspection BNG Femto / WiFI Visibility: Broadband Termination Subscriber data (location, device type), Application data (subscriber requests/responses, Enterprise HTTP URLs, IP destination, video metadata) Control: Small Cell 3G/4G/WiFi Application QoS, Optimization parameters, filtering rules (ex. Parental Control), security rules, header insertion Investments: NFV, SDN-based Service Chaining Network Services Application Terminating IMS Services CDN webrtc GW Application Transparent Firewall / NAT Video/Traffic Optimization Enhanced Charging Content Filtering Header Enrichment Application Detection & Optimization Traffic Control and Reporting 3 rd Party Apps Internet

18 Mobile Control Plane System Capabilities Small Cell SON Hybrid SON Macro SON HLR / HSS RAN Analytics Policy Analytics ANDSF Macro 2G/3G/4G Consumer Broadband Femto / WiFI Enterprise Small Cell 3G/4G/WiFi Mobile Termination Small Cell GWs, MME Backhaul S/P-GW + MME Mobile Control Plane: OSS/BSS Infrastructure IP Transport Identity (HSS), Policy (PCRF), Charging (OCS) and Mobility (ANDSF) Management BNG Mediates/Correlates records from multiple sources (MPC, Gi LAN, etc.) Early work to define APIs (ex. GSMA OneAPI) Broadband Termination Network Services Application Terminating IMS Services CDN webrtc GW Application Transparent Firewall / NAT Video/Traffic Optimization Enhanced Charging Content Filtering Header Enrichment Application Detection & Optimization Visibility: Traffic Control and Reporting Mobile identity (IMEI, MSISDN), subscriber charging plan (prepaid/postpaid, unlimited/capped), roaming state, subscriber location (PoA), enforcement rules Control: Network QoS, charging/rating rules, WiFi handoff, Device blacklist Investments: Infrastructure Abstraction Layers, API Gateways, Analytics 3 rd Party Apps Internet

19 Opportunities to Improve Mobile Systems

20 Virtualization Applicable To Mobile Networks Cloud RAN NFV For EPC, GiLAN (MNO-Specific, Regional) Applications, Services, Control (MNO-Specific, OTT Compute Cloud) EPC GiLAN IMS OSS/BSS Apps Base station workloads shift onto virtualized compute in Local Data Centers Appliance workloads shift onto general purpose compute in Regional Data Centers Service support functions and applications shift to open standards (Hadoop, OpenStack, OpenID) Software Defined Networking 20

21 Opportunities to Improve Mobile Systems Network Function Virtualization NfV = Transition of network infrastructure services to run on virtualized compute platforms Standardization European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Enablers Openstack Driving Standard Cloud Computing Technology Improving x86 H/W Performance Optimized Packet Processing and Coding Techniques Networking Industry Standardizing on Ethernet Software-Defined Networking (SDN) APIs DU SON ANDSF Analytic MME SGW PGW BNG DDoS SBC Firewall NAT Video CDN Proxy IMS NMS PCRF OCS HSS Value Proposition Reduction in CAPEX and OPEX Shorter Innovation Cycle Network Appliance Architecture Virtualized Platform Architecture (Deployed Today) (Being Standardized) Improved Service Agility

22 Opportunities to Improve Mobile Systems Virtualization Improves Resource Utilization (StatMux Gains) Small Cell SON Hybrid SON Macro SON HLR / HSS RAN Analytics Policy Analytics ANDSF Macro 2G/3G/4G Consumer Broadband Femto / WiFI Enterprise Small Cell 3G/4G/WiFi Backhaul IP Transport Mobile Termination Small Cell GWs, MME S/P-GW + MME BNG Broadband Termination Network Services Application Terminating IMS Services CDN webrtc GW Application Transparent Firewall / NAT Video/Traffic Optimization Enhanced Charging Content Filtering Header Enrichment Application Detection & Optimization Traffic Control and Reporting 3 rd Party Apps Internet RAN Virtualization Network Virtualization (aka SDN) Packet Core Virtualization Gi LAN Virtualization IaaS

23 Opportunities to Improve Mobile Systems RAN Virtualization Cloud/Centralized RAN Traditional LTE RAN Architecture (Deployed Today) LTE C-RAN Architecture (Future Deployments) Core (MME, S/P-GW) Core (MME, S/P-GW) PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC DU cloud DU Cloud DU Cloud PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC

24 Opportunities to Improve Mobile Systems Integration of Analytics and Control Interfaces Small Cell SON Hybrid SON Macro SON HLR / HSS Orchestration, Control Function RAN Analytics Policy Analytics ANDSF Abstraction API-GW Macro 2G/3G/4G Consumer Broadband Femto / WiFI Enterprise Small Cell 3G/4G/WiFi Backhaul IP Transport Mobile Termination Small Cell GWs, MME S/P-GW + MME BNG Broadband Termination Network Services Application Terminating IMS Services CDN webrtc GW Application Transparent Firewall / NAT Video/Traffic Optimization Enhanced Charging Content Filtering Header Enrichment Application Detection & Optimization Traffic Control and Reporting 3 rd Party Apps Internet

25 Opportunities to Improve Mobile Systems Closed Loop Approach to Visibility and Programmability POLICY Orchestration ANALYTICS Program for Optimized Experience Gather Network Intelligence Network Ensures network is always performing optimally. Optimization at RAN, Flow, Network, Subscriber and Application levels.

26 Opportunities to Improve Mobile Systems Exposure of Mobile Analytics and Control Interfaces via Open API Small Cell SON Hybrid SON Macro SON HLR / HSS Orchestration, Control Function RAN Analytics Policy Analytics ANDSF Abstraction API-GW Macro 2G/3G/4G Consumer Broadband Femto / WiFI Enterprise Small Cell 3G/4G/WiFi Backhaul IP Transport Mobile Termination Small Cell GWs, MME S/P-GW + MME BNG Broadband Termination Network Services Application Terminating IMS Services CDN webrtc GW Application Transparent Firewall / NAT Video/Traffic Optimization Enhanced Charging Content Filtering Header Enrichment Application Detection & Optimization Traffic Control and Reporting 3 rd Party Apps Internet

27 An overlooked area is using APIs to speed internal innovation. Tod Opportunities to Improve Mobile Systems from internal through to the long tail. Exposing Network Analytics to Improve Application Performance, Customer Experience Figure 1. Service Exposure Platform: High Level View Profile Profiling User Analytics Identity (Persistent) Demographics Explicit profile (interests, etc.) Device(s) and capabilities Billing / Subscription plan Device sensor data Persistent Location / Presence Behavioral / Search / Social Purchasing / Payments Mobility patterns Usage data (from device) Media Enterprise Cloud/ OTT Content Analytics Catalog / Title Topic / Keywords CA / Rights management Encryption / DRM Format(s) / Aspect ratio(s) Resolution(s) / Frame rate(s) Consumption data Content reach Asset popularity / revenue Distribution / Retention / Archival Search / Discover / Recommend Usage Data (from content source) Network Analytics Bandwidth and latency Access types IP pools Routes / topology / Path QoS / Policy Rulesets Network Service Capabilities Active subscriber demographics Crowdsourced data Geographic segmentation Network Performance / Quality Network sensor data (IoT/M2M) Usage data (from DPI) OSS/BSS Network

28 Summary and Conclusions

29 Summary and Conclusions From Fluid Dynamics to System Dynamics Mobile Systems are complex! Both technology (stocks) and traffic models (flows) are highly dynamic RAN efficiency is reaching the Shannon Limit But, economics of Mobile Systems are driving new thinking Systems Dynamics approach to Mobile Systems is s4ll in its infancy Architecture fragmenta6on: Mul6- vendor topologies limit effec6veness of analysis Standards fragmenta6on: 3GPP, NGMN, IETF, ETSI, ONF, ODL, and many other acronyms High barriers to entry for new vendors, Low incen6ves for exis6ng vendors Opportuni4es Abound Any transi6on creates opportunity. Mobile could be more disrup6on than transi6on Ability to Think Systems (And System of Systems ) provides unique opportunity The Mobile Industry is hungry for skillsets combining Systems Thinking + Big Data Analy6cs

30 Thank You 30