CPF LIFE information booklet

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2 CPF LIFE information booklet 1. Introduction to CPF LIFE What is CPF LIFE? 1.2 Will I be placed on CPF LIFE? 1.3 What are the CPF LIFE plans available? 2. Starting on CPF LIFE When do I have to choose my CPF LIFE plan? 2.2 Can I choose how much of my savings to use for CPF LIFE? 2.3 What if I am not placed on CPF LIFE? 2.4 Can I change my CPF LIFE plan after I have joined? 2.5 Can I be excluded from CPF LIFE if I already have a personal annuity or a pension? 1

3 3. How CPF LIFE works What happens if I choose the CPF LIFE Standard Plan? 3.2 What happens if I choose the CPF LIFE Basic Plan? 3.3 When will you issue my CPF LIFE policy? 3.4 Will my Retirement Account savings continue to earn interest? 3.5 Will my savings used for CPF LIFE premium continue to earn interest? 3.6 Will I continue to earn extra interest after I join CPF LIFE? 3.7 What happens when there are inflows into my Retirement Account after I have started receiving my monthly payout? 4. CPF LIFE Payouts When will I start receiving my CPF LIFE monthly payouts? 4.2 How will I receive the CPF LIFE monthly payouts? 4.3 What happens to my CPF LIFE payouts if I have closed my bank account? 4.4 How can I change my bank details for payments under CPF LIFE? 4.5 Is the CPF LIFE monthly payout fixed? 4.6 How can I get higher CPF LIFE payouts? 4.7 When will the CPF LIFE monthly payout stop? 2

4 5. CPF LIFE Bonus What is CPF LIFE Bonus? 5.2 Am I eligible for CPF LIFE Bonus and how much CPF LIFE Bonus can I receive? 6. Exiting CPF LIFE Can I leave CPF LIFE after I have joined? 6.2 Under CPF LIFE, what happens after my death? 6.3 Why is the bequest for LIFE Basic Plan and LIFE Standard Plan so different? 7. Other questions you may have on CPF LIFE Is there a maximum amount that I can commit to CPF LIFE? 7.2 Can I pledge my property when I am on CPF LIFE? 7.3 Is the CPF LIFE monthly payout protected from creditors? Annex A: The meaning of terms used in CPF LIFE Annex B: Retirement sum for members turning 55 3

5 Retirement Sum Scheme 1 Introduction to CPF LIFE The Retirement Sum Scheme (formerly known as Minimum Sum Scheme) was introduced in 1987 to help Central Provident Fund Board (CPFB) members set aside enough savings to provide a modest standard of living when they retire. From the savings set aside in their Retirement Account, this scheme provides CPF members with a fixed monthly payout from their payout eligibility age for about 20 years. Your payout eligibility age is the age when you are eligible to start receiving your monthly payouts for retirement. If you were born in 1954 or after, your payout eligibility age is 65 years old. If you were born before 1954, please see Annex A for your payout eligibility age. CPF LIFE As life expectancies (how long, on average, people are likely to live) continue to increase, for Singaporeans who are 65 years old today, about half of them are expected to live beyond 85 years old (another 20 years). A third of them will live beyond 90 years old. Having an income throughout your old age is more important than ever. That is why we have introduced CPF LIFE to provide you with a monthly payout for as long as you live. 4

6 1.1 What is CPF LIFE? The CPF Lifelong Income For the Elderly (CPF LIFE) is an annuity scheme that provides you with a monthly payout for as long as you live. You can receive your monthly payout from your payout eligibility age, which is currently at age Will I be placed on CPF LIFE? You will be placed on CPF LIFE if you are a Singapore Citizen or Permanent Resident and have the following Retirement Account balances: You turn 55 before 1 January $40,000 in your Retirement Account when you reach 55 years old; or 2. $60,000 in your Retirement Account when you reach your payout eligibility age. You turn 55 on or after 1 January $60,000 in your Retirement Account when you reach your payout eligibility age. If you are not placed on CPF LIFE, you can choose to join CPF LIFE any time between age 55 and 80. 5

7 1.3 What are the CPF LIFE plans available? When you join CPF LIFE, you can choose between: the LIFE Standard Plan; or the LIFE Basic Plan. Each LIFE plan provides a different combination of trade-offs between the amount of monthly payouts that you would receive and the bequest that you would leave for your beneficiaries. You can choose the plan that best meets your retirement needs. Plan Types Monthly Payout Bequest LIFE Standard Plan Higher Lower LIFE Basic Plan Lower Higher 6

8 2 Starting on CPF LIFE At 55 years old, we will create your Retirement Account using the savings in your Special Account and/or Ordinary Account. Based on the savings set aside in your Retirement Account, we will place you on CPF LIFE or you may choose to join the scheme. 2.1 When do I have to choose my CPF LIFE plan? We will invite you to choose your CPF LIFE plan one month after your 55th birthday (for members turning 55 before 1 July 2015) or near your payout eligibility age (for members turning 55 on and after 1 July 2015). You will be given time to decide on your plan choice. We will automatically place you on the CPF LIFE Standard Plan, if you do not choose a plan by the given deadline. 2.2 Can I choose how much of my savings to use for CPF LIFE? When you join CPF LIFE, your entire savings in your Retirement Account will be committed to CPF LIFE. 2.3 What if I am not placed on CPF LIFE? You will stay on the Retirement Sum Scheme and can receive monthly payouts starting from your payout eligibility age. Or, you can choose to join CPF LIFE any time between age 55 and 80. To apply, you may submit an online application through 'my CPF Online Services My Requests using your SingPass. 7

9 Or, you can complete the hardcopy application form LID- APP(1) Application for CPF LIFE Plan and mail the completed form to us at the following address: Lifelong Income Department 79 Robinson Road CPF Building Singapore Can I change my CPF LIFE plan after I have joined? Yes, you have 30 days from the date of your policy letter to change your CPF LIFE plan. 2.5 Can I be excluded from CPF LIFE if I already have a personal annuity or a pension? If you are a pensioner receiving monthly pension or you have bought life annuity using cash, you may be exempted from setting aside the Full Retirement Sum and joining CPF LIFE. To apply for exclusion, please contact us for assessment. 8

10 3 How CPF LIFE works 3.1 What happens if I choose the CPF LIFE Standard Plan? 1. If you turn 55 before 1 July 2015 and you choose to join CPF LIFE Standard Plan before your payout eligibility age We will deduct the savings in your Retirement Account as the LIFE annuity premium in two instalments at age 55 and near your payout eligibility age. We will make the first deduction from your Retirement Account savings up to the Basic Retirement Sum applicable to you at the point of your policy issuance. One to two months before your payout eligibility age we will deduct the rest of your Retirement Account savings as the second instalment of your annuity premium. The premiums deducted will be paid into the Lifelong Income Fund. This will include any new money that you have built up between your 55th birthday and your payout eligibility age. The new money can be from any top-ups, funds transferred from other accounts into your Retirement Account, interest earned or refunds from selling your property or investments. When you reach your payout eligibility age, you will receive monthly payouts from the Lifelong Income Fund for as long as you live. From January 2016, you have the option to start your payouts later, up to age 70. For every year deferred, your monthly payouts will increase by 6% to 7%. If you do not wish to start your monthly payouts at your payout eligibility age, please write in to inform us. 9

11 2. If you turn 55 before 1 July 2015 and you choose to join CPF LIFE Standard Plan on or after your payout eligibility age We will deduct the entire savings in your Retirement Account as the annuity premium at the point of policy issuance. The premiums deducted will be paid into the Lifelong Income Fund. You will receive monthly payouts from the Lifelong Income Fund after your policy is issued for as long as you live. From January 2016, you have the option to start your payouts later, up to age 70. For every year deferred, your monthly payouts will increase by 6% to 7%. 3. If you turn 55 on or after 1 July 2015 You have the option to choose your CPF LIFE plan when you want to start your payouts. You can start your payout anytime between your payout eligibility age and age 70. For every year deferred, your monthly payouts will increase by 6% to 7%. We will deduct the entire savings in your Retirement Account as the annuity premium at the point of policy issuance. The premiums deducted will be paid into the Lifelong Income Fund. You will receive monthly payouts from the Lifelong Income Fund after your policy is issued for as long as you live. 10

12 3.2 What happens if I choose the CPF LIFE Basic Plan? 1. If you turn 55 before 1 July 2015 and you choose to join the CPF LIFE Basic Plan before your payout eligibility age We will deduct a portion of your Retirement Account savings for the annuity premium in two instalments at age 55 and near your payout eligibility age. The actual percentage will depend on your age and gender. We will inform you on the amount deducted when your policy is issued. The premiums deducted will be paid into the Lifelong Income Fund. The rest of your Retirement Account savings will stay in your Retirement Account. You will receive monthly payouts from the savings in your Retirement Account until one month before you reach 90 years old. Once you reach 90 years old, you will continue to receive monthly payouts from the Lifelong Income Fund for as long as you live. From January 2016, you have the option to start your payouts later, up to age 70. For every year deferred, your monthly payouts will increase. 2. If you turn 55 before 1 July 2015 and you choose to join the CPF LIFE Basic Plan on or after your payout eligibility age We will deduct a portion of your Retirement Account savings for the annuity premium at the point of policy issuance. The actual percentage will depend on your age and gender. We will inform you on the amount deducted when your policy is issued. The premium deducted will be paid into the Lifelong Income Fund. The rest of your Retirement Account savings will stay in your Retirement Account. 11

13 You will receive monthly payouts from the savings in your Retirement Account until one month before you reach 90 years old. Once you reach 90 years old, you will continue to receive monthly payouts from the Lifelong Income Fund for as long as you live. From January 2016, you have the option to start your payouts later, up to age 70. For every year deferred, your monthly payouts will increase. 3. If you turn 55 on or after 1 July 2015 You have the option to choose your CPF LIFE Basic plan when you want to start your payouts. You can start your payout anytime between your payout eligibility age and age 70. For every year deferred, your monthly payouts will increase by 6% to 7%. We will deduct a portion of your Retirement Account savings as the one-time annuity premium at the point of policy issuance. The actual percentage will depend on your age and gender. We will inform you on the amount deducted when your policy is issued. The premium deducted will be paid into the Lifelong Income Fund. The rest of your Retirement Account savings will stay in your Retirement Account. You will receive monthly payouts from the savings in your Retirement Account until one month before you reach 90 years old. Once you reach 90 years old, you will continue to receive monthly payouts from the Lifelong Income Fund for as long as you live. 12

14 3.3 When will you issue my CPF LIFE policy? For members who submit their application at age 55, we will issue a policy one month after you reach 55 years old. For the rest of the members, see the table below. If we receive your application by the 21st of the month If we receive your application after the 21st of the month We will issue the policy in the same month We will issue the policy in the following month If you would like to top up your Retirement Account and have your CPF LIFE policy issued in the same month, please send us your application to top up your Retirement Account by the 14th of the month. 3.4 Will my Retirement Account savings continue to earn interest? Yes, the remaining savings in your Retirement Account will continue to earn an interest of 4% per year. In addition, the first $60,000 of your combined CPF balances, of which up to $20,000 comes from your Ordinary Account, will earn an extra 1% interest per year. Combined balances refer to the total balances in your Ordinary, Special, Medisave and Retirement Accounts, including the annuity premiums for CPF LIFE less any payouts made. With effect from 1 January 2016, an additional extra interest of 1% per year will be given on the first $30,000 of your combined CPF balances (for members aged 55 and above). This is on top of the existing 1% extra interest on the first $60,000 of your combined balances. 13

15 3.5 Will my savings used for CPF LIFE premium continue to earn interest? Yes, your savings used to join CPF LIFE i.e. the annuity premium will continue to earn interest. The interest earned on the annuity premium will be paid into the Lifelong Income Fund to provide all CPF LIFE members with monthly payouts for as long as they live. 3.6 Will I continue to earn the extra interest after I join CPF LIFE? Yes. The first $60,000 of your combined CPF balances, of which up to $20,000 from your Ordinary Account, earns an extra 1% interest per year. Combined balances refer to the total balances in your Ordinary, Special, Medisave and Retirement Accounts, including the annuity premiums for CPF LIFE less any payouts made. If you have chosen the LIFE Standard Plan, the extra interest will also be paid into the Lifelong Income Fund. By paying the extra interest into the Lifelong Income Fund, you will be able to enjoy a more stable payout for the rest of your life. We will pay the extra interest to you as part of your monthly CPF LIFE payouts. If you have chosen the LIFE Basic Plan, the extra interest will be paid into your Retirement account. Please note that under the LIFE Basic Plan, your monthly payout will fall when your combined balances fall below $60,000. With effect from 1 January 2016, an additional extra interest of 1% per year will be given on the first $30,000 of your combined CPF balances (for members aged 55 and above). This is on top of the existing 1% extra interest on the first $60,000 of your combined balances. 14

16 3.7 What happens when there are inflows into my Retirement Account after I have started receiving my monthly payout? If there are inflows into your Retirement Account after you have started receiving your monthly payout, there are two options you can consider: 1. You can leave the money in your Retirement Account. During the yearly review of your monthly payout in July, we will automatically pay this money to you as additional monthly payout (AMP). We will tell you the exact revised monthly payout you will receive two to three months before we make the adjustments. This payment will stop when the money in your Retirement Account runs out; or 2. You may choose to buy another annuity to give you a higher annuity payout. If you want to buy an extra annuity, you can do so by: applying online through the my CPF Online Services - My Requests using your SingPass; or sending the application form LID-APP (1A) Application for Additional Annuity under CPF LIFE to us at the following address: Lifelong Income Department 79 Robinson Road CPF Building Singapore

17 4 CPF LIFE Payouts 4.1 When will I start receiving my CPF LIFE monthly payouts? You are eligible to start receiving your monthly payouts from your payout eligibility age. If you are above your payout eligibility age when you join CPF LIFE, your monthly payouts will start one month after your policy is issued. From 1 January 2016, you have the option to start your payouts later. For every year deferred, your monthly payouts will increase. 4.2 How will I receive the CPF LIFE monthly payouts? We will pay the monthly payouts straight into your bank account by Inter-Bank GIRO (IBG) by the 4th working day of each month. 4.3 What happens to my CPF LIFE payouts if I have closed my bank account? If you have closed your bank account, the payouts will be credited to your CPF Ordinary Account. 4.4 How can I change my bank details for payments under CPF LIFE? You may submit an online application using your SingPass, to change your bank details. This same bank account will also be used for payments under the CPF Withdrawal for members 55 years and above, CPF Retirement Sum Scheme, CPF Withdrawal on Medical Grounds, Silver Housing Bonus Scheme and Enhanced Leased Buyback Scheme (if applicable). 16

18 Alternatively, you can submit the application form RSD78A Request to change bank details for members 55 and above by mail. 4.5 Is the CPF LIFE monthly payout fixed? No, we may adjust your monthly payout for the following reasons. Changes in mortality experience. If more people live longer than expected, the monthly payout might be lower, and vice versa. Changes in interest rates. If interest rates are higher than expected, the monthly payout might be higher, and vice versa. Transactions which affect your Retirement Account balance, for example, refund of money made from selling property, top-ups, lump-sum withdrawals and so on. If you had chosen the LIFE Basic Plan, the reduction in any extra interest earned and paid out as the combined balances in your CPF accounts, including the amount committed to CPF LIFE, falls below $60,000. We will inform you two to three months before we make any adjustments to your monthly payout. 17

19 4.6 How can I get higher CPF LIFE payouts? Under the Retirement Sum Topping-up Scheme, you can make cash or CPF top-ups (or both) into your Retirement Account if you have not reached your topping-up limit. Topping up to the Enhanced Retirement Sum (available from January 2016), a sum set at three times the Basic Retirement Sum, gives you the opportunity to enjoy a higher monthly payout. You can top up your Retirement Account by: applying online through the my CPF Online Services My Requests using your SingPass; or mailing us the application form RSS-TP Application to Make Top-Ups Under the Retirement Sum Topping-Up Scheme (For Members)' At the same time, you can buy an extra annuity with the topup fund. The maximum amount that you can commit to CPF LIFE is the current Full Retirement Sum. From January 2016, you have the option to start your payouts later, up to age 70. For every year deferred, your monthly payouts will increase by 6% to 7%. 4.7 When will the CPF LIFE monthly payout stop? The monthly payout will stop upon the death of the policyholder. 18

20 5 CPF LIFE Bonus 5.1 What is CPF LIFE Bonus? CPF LIFE Bonus is a bonus provided by the Government to encourage and help you join CPF LIFE. 5.2 Am I eligible for CPF LIFE Bonus and how much CPF LIFE Bonus can I receive? To be eligible for LIFE Bonus, you need to: Be a Singapore Citizen; Be born between 1958 and 1962; and Be placed on CPF LIFE; or Inform us before your 56 th birthday on your decision to join CPF LIFE. The amount of CPF LIFE Bonus that you can receive depends on your Annual Assessable Income (AI) and the Annual Value (AV) of your home. It will be credited into your Retirement Account if you are a Singapore Citizen with at least $20,000 in your Retirement Account. If you have less than $20,000 in your Retirement Account, your CPF LIFE Bonus will be reduced in proportion to the amount you joined CPF LIFE with. Your AI is based on the assessment year before the year that we issue your CPF LIFE plan. For example, if we issue your CPF LIFE plan in 2015, we will use your AI for assessment year 2014 (that is, your income for 2013). 19

21 The AV we use to decide whether you are eligible for a CPF LIFE Bonus is based on the AV of the property stated as your NRIC address as at 31 December before the year we issue your CPF LIFE plan. (For example, if we issue your CPF LIFE plan in 2015, we will use the 2014 AV of the property stated in your NRIC as of 31 December 2014.) If you join CPF LIFE in 2015, before turning 56, with at least $20,000 in your Retirement Account, the amount of CPF LIFE Bonus you can receive is shown in the table below. Eligibility Criteria Birth Year AI is $27,000 or less and AV is $9,600 or less $3,300 $2,600 AI is $27,000 or less and AV is more than $9,600 and up to $13,000 AI is more than $27,000 and up to $60,000 and AV is $9,600 or less AI is more than $27,000 and up to $60,000 and AV is more than $9,600 and up to $13,000 $2,650 $2,100 $2,650 $2,100 $1,800 $1,450 Note: Actual AV and AI cut-offs are subject to review and may vary depending on the year of enrolment into CPF LIFE. The amount of CPF LIFE Bonus you are eligible for is also based on your age cohort. 20

22 If you join CPF LIFE with less than $20,000 in your Retirement Account, your CPF LIFE Bonus will be reduced in proportion to the amount you used to join CPF LIFE. Example: If you are born in 1960 and join CPF LIFE in 2015 with the following conditions: your Retirement Account balance is $10,000; your AI is $27,000 or less; and your AV is $9,600 or less; your CPF LIFE Bonus will be $1,300. With your AI and AV, your eligible CPF LIFE Bonus is $2,600. However, as you only have $10,000 (not the minimum $20,000 for the full LIFE Bonus) in your Retirement Account, your LIFE Bonus is only $1,300 (reduced in proportion to the amount you used to join CPF LIFE). 21

23 6 Exiting CPF LIFE 6.1 Can I leave CPF LIFE after I have joined? Once you have joined CPF LIFE, you can only leave for the following reasons. You have a medical condition which causes you: - to be permanently unfit for any employment; - to have a severely reduced life expectancy; or - to be terminally ill. You are about to leave / have left Singapore and West Malaysia permanently with no intention of returning for work or to live. You are a Malaysian citizen and have left Singapore permanently to live in West Malaysia. You are fully exempted from setting aside the retirement sum in your Retirement Account because you are receiving a monthly pension / annuity payout. Both the LIFE Standard Plan and the LIFE Basic Plan have a refund feature. This means you will receive a refund of the savings used to join CPF LIFE less any monthly payouts you received before leaving. You may not receive a refund if we have paid out all your savings that you used to join CPF LIFE in monthly payouts. 22

24 6.2 Under CPF LIFE, what happens after my death? The CPF LIFE payout will stop and your beneficiaries will receive a bequest (if any is due). 6.3 Why is the bequest for LIFE Basic Plan and LIFE Standard Plan so different? Under the CPF LIFE Standard Plan, the interest earned on the annuity premium (including extra interest earned on your combined CPF balances) will be paid into the Lifelong Income Fund to provide you with a higher monthly payout. On the other hand, under the LIFE Basic Plan, the remaining Retirement Account savings will continue to earn interest (including extra interest earned on your combined CPF balances) in your Retirement Account. This accounts for the different bequest under LIFE Standard and Basic Plans. 23

25 7 Other questions you may have on CPF LIFE 7.1 Is there a maximum amount that I can commit to CPF LIFE? Yes. The maximum amount that you can commit to CPF LIFE is the current Full Retirement Sum. From 1 January 2016, the maximum amount you can commit to CPF LIFE is the current Enhanced Retirement Sum (a sum set at three times the Basic Retirement Sum). 7.2 Can I pledge my property when I am on CPF LIFE? Yes, the existing CPF rules allow you to pledge your property and at the same time, withdraw your Retirement Account savings above the Basic Retirement Sum (applicable to you) that have not been deducted as annuity premium for CPF LIFE. Your monthly payout will be affected if you choose to pledge your property. 7.3 Is the CPF LIFE monthly payout protected from creditors? Yes. This means that if you owe money to anyone, they cannot claim it from your monthly payouts. 24

26 Annex A: The meaning of terms used in CPF LIFE Annual Assessable Income (AI) Your Annual Assessable Income (AI) refers to your total annual income less approved deductions. To work out your AI, we will use the assessment year before the year that we issue your CPF LIFE plan, as provided by IRAS. For example, if we issue your CPF LIFE plan in 2015, we will use your AI for assessment year 2014 (that is, your income for 2013). Annual Value (AV) of your home The Annual Value (AV) of your property refers to how much rent we estimate you could receive each year if you rented it out. To work out the value of your property, we will use the AV of the property stated as your NRIC address as at 31 December before the year that we issue your CPF LIFE plan, as provided by IRAS. For example, if we issue your CPF LIFE plan in 2015, we will use the 2014 AV of the property stated in your NRIC as of 31 December Annuity Annuity is an insurance product which provides you with a monthly income for the rest of your life. Beneficiaries Beneficiaries are people who you have nominated to receive your CPF savings after your death. If you do not nominate anyone to receive your CPF savings, we will pay them to your next-of-kin in line with the intestacy laws of Singapore. 25

27 Bequest Extra interest A bequest is the money that you leave to your beneficiaries after your death. There may not be a bequest if the savings used to join CPF LIFE have been fully paid out in monthly payouts. Extra interest refers to the extra interest that will be earned on the first $60,000 of your combined balances, with up to $20,000 from your Ordinary Account. Combined balances refer to the total balances in your Retirement (including the annuity premiums deducted for CPF LIFE less monthly payouts made), Ordinary, Special and Medisave accounts. With effect from 1 January 2016, an additional extra interest of 1% per year will be given on the first $30,000 of your combined CPF balances (for members aged 55 and above). This is on top of the existing 1% extra interest on the first $60,000 of your combined balances. Payout eligibility age Your payout eligibility age is the age when you are eligible to receive your monthly payouts for retirement. Year you were born 1943 or earlier 1944 to to to or later Payout eligibility age

28 Refund Retirement Account Retirement sum The refund you will receive if you leave CPF LIFE is the savings used to join CPF LIFE less any monthly payouts you received before leaving. You may not receive a refund if we have paid out all your savings that you used to join CPF LIFE in monthly payouts. An individual savings account which is set up at age 55 to meet your retirement needs in old age. The amount that you set aside in your Retirement Account at age 55. It can be in cash, or in cash and property pledge. Only the cash portion can be used to join CPF LIFE. 27

29 Annex B: Retirement sum for members turning 55 If your 55th birthday is on or after Your Full Retirement Sum Your Basic Retirement Sum 1 July 03 $80,000 $40,000 1 July 04 $84,500 $42,250 1 July 05 $90,000 $45,000 1 July 06 $94,600 $47,300 1 July 07 $99,600 $49,800 1 July 08 $106,000 $53,000 1 July 09 $117,000 $58,500 1 July 10 $123,000 $61,500 1 July 11 $131,000 $65,500 1 July 12 $139,000 $69,500 1 July 13 $148,000 $74,000 1 July 14 $155,000 $77,500 1 July 15 $161,000 $80,500 1 January 16 $161,000 $80,500 1 January 17 $166,000 $83,000 1 January 18 $171,000 $85,500 1 January 19 $176,000 $88,000 1 January 20 $181,000 $90,500 28

30 For more information, please visit Call CPF Call Centre: (local) (overseas) Note: This booklet is for your information. Please keep it in case you need to refer to it in the future. The information is correct as at 1 May 2015, and is applicable to CPF members turning 55 between 1 July 2015 and 31 December The CPF LIFE Scheme is covered by the Central Provident Fund Act (Chapter 36) and the legislation made under that act (and any amendments made to these) as well as such terms and conditions which our Board may set from time to time.