The forces behind the changing Internet: IXPs, content delivery, and virtualization
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1 The forces behind the changing Internet: IXPs, content delivery, and virtualization Prof. Steve Uhlig Head of Networks research group Queen Mary, University of London Guest professor, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint work with: B. Ager (ETH), N. Chatzis, A. Feldmann, B. Frank, I. Poese, N. Sarrar, G. Smaragdakis (T-labs), Bruce Maggs (Duke/Akamai), Walter Willinger (AT&T), Gaogang Xie (CAS) Steve Uhlig 1
2 Internet Infrastructure Internet: communication platform Internet: content sharing and delivery platform Steve Uhlig 2
3 Content-Processing-Network Infrastructure + Storage + Processing Content-Processing-Network Steve Uhlig 3
4 Agenda Internet update Short history of content delivery Content delivery today Network virtualization Challenges & opportunities Steve Uhlig 4
5 Old mental model Steve Uhlig 5
6 The Internet is flat C. Labovitz, S. Iekel-Johnson, D. McPherson, J. Oberheide, and F. Jahanian. Internet Interdomain Traffic. Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, Steve Uhlig 6
7 Internet Exchange Point An Internet exchange point (IXP) is a layer 2 service to facilitate the interconnection between - ISPs - Hosting or service providers - CDNs An IXP facilitates peering between players, usually across a public and/or private peering fabric of some type Offer public and/or private peerings B. Ager, N. Chatzis, A. Feldmann, N. Sarrar, S. Uhlig, and W. Willinger. Anatomy of a Large European IXP. Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, Steve Uhlig 7
8 Internet power: from ISP to content CAIDA: BGP-based degree or customer-cone Renesys: variant of CAIDA-cone Knodes: Fixedorbit.com centrality metric Arbor: Interdomain traffic Potential: hostname-based Normalized potential: weighted hostnames B. Ager, W. Mühlbauer, G. Smaragdakis, and S. Uhlig. Web content cartography. Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, Steve Uhlig 8
9 Western CDNs B. Ager, W. Mühlbauer, G. Smaragdakis, and S. Uhlig. Web content cartography. Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, Steve Uhlig 9
10 Squeezing the ISP IXPs William B. Norton. The Internet Peering Playbook : Connecting to the Core of the Internet. DrPeering Press, Steve Uhlig 10
11 Agenda Internet update Short history of content delivery Content delivery today Network virtualization Challenges & opportunities Steve Uhlig 11
12 The Early Web A Pathan Mukaddim. Ongoing Trends and Future Directions in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). Available online from: Steve Uhlig 12
13 CDNs 1.0 A Pathan Mukaddim. Ongoing Trends and Future Directions in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). Available online from: Steve Uhlig 13
14 CDNs 2.0 A Pathan Mukaddim. Ongoing Trends and Future Directions in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). Available online from: Steve Uhlig 14
15 Autonomic CDNs Pathan Mukaddim. Ongoing Trends and Future Directions in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). Available online from: Steve Uhlig 15
16 Agenda Internet update Short history of content delivery Content delivery today Network virtualization Challenges & opportunities Steve Uhlig 16
17 HTTP server selection DNS HTTP Steve Uhlig 17
18 Server selection: P2P Tracker Swarm Client Steve Uhlig 18
19 World data centers Steve Uhlig 19
20 Google data centers Steve Uhlig 20
21 Where is content? California China already 2 nd! USA: 9 among top 20 Other developed countries: limited own content Steve Uhlig 21
22 CDNs in China Select top 100 Chinese websites (Alexa) Which CDNs serve content from these websites? Steve Uhlig 22
23 ChinaCache Steve Uhlig 23
24 ChinaNetCenter Steve Uhlig 24
25 The P2P CDN Steve Uhlig 25
26 Agenda Internet update Short history of content delivery Content delivery today Network virtualization Challenges & opportunities Steve Uhlig 26
27 The Virtualized Network Infrastructure Virtualization of Resources (partitioning of physical infrastructure into slices ) Virtualized Substrate Provisioning of Virtual Networks (on-demand instantiation of virtual networks) Virtual Network Virtual Network Virtualization Management 27 Steve Uhlig 27
28 Network virtualization Virtual network = resource isolation/sharing Different architecture/protocol per virtual network - Does not have to be IP protocol, e.g., ICN - For QoS, security, different types of content/ applications Expose network components to applications and services Dynamic: migration/expansion/contraction Steve 28 Uhlig 28
29 Google and SDN Google is using OpenFlow Purpose: traffic engineering Steve Uhlig 29
30 Collaborative content delivery Importance of stakeholders Spectrum in the solution space Enabling collaboration CDN ISP CP User B. Frank, I. Poese, G. Smaragdakis, S. Uhlig, and A. Feldmann. Pushing ISP-CDN Collaboration to the Limit. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 43(3):35-44, July Steve Uhlig 30
31 CDN 3.0 Hybrid infrastructures: Akamai, PPTV Meta-CDNs, e.g., Conviva Virtual CDNs through ISP microdatacenters ICN S S ISPS S = PoP with Microdatacenter = PoP with Microdatacenter (Service deployed) PoPs S S S B. Frank, I. Poese, G. Smaragdakis, V. Aggarwal, A. Feldmann, S. Uhlig, B. Maggs, F. Schneider. Collaboration Opportunities for Content Providers and Network Infrastructures. SIGCOMM e-book chapter, to appear, Steve Uhlig 31
32 Agenda Internet update Short history of content delivery Content delivery today Network virtualization Challenges & opportunities Steve Uhlig 32
33 Challenges & opportunities Tracking the changing Internet ecosystem Scalability of massive content infrastructure Collaborative and agile content delivery Virtualization for increased diversity and agility Steve Uhlig 33
34 References C. Labovitz, S. Iekel-Johnson, D. McPherson, J. Oberheide, and F. Jahanian. Internet Interdomain Traffic. Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, I. Poese, B. Frank, B. Ager, G. Smaragdakis, and A. Feldmann. Improving content delivery using provider-aided distance information. Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM IMC B. Ager, W. Mühlbauer, G. Smaragdakis, and S. Uhlig. Comparing DNS resolvers in the wild. Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM IMC B. Ager, W. Mühlbauer, G. Smaragdakis, and S. Uhlig. Web content cartography. Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM IMC William B. Norton. The Internet Peering Playbook : Connecting to the Core of the Internet. DrPeering Press, B. Frank, I. Poese, G. Smaragdakis, S. Uhlig, and A. Feldmann. Enabling Content-aware Traffic Engineering. ACM CCR, 42(5):21-28, October B. Ager, N. Chatzis, A. Feldmann, N. Sarrar, S. Uhlig, and W. Willinger. Anatomy of a Large European IXP. Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, B. Frank, I. Poese, G. Smaragdakis, S. Uhlig, and A. Feldmann. Pushing ISP-CDN Collaboration to the Limit. ACM CCR, 43(3):35-44, July B. Frank, I. Poese, G. Smaragdakis, V. Aggarwal, A. Feldmann, S. Uhlig, B. Maggs, F. Schneider. Collaboration Opportunities for Content Providers and Network Infrastructures. SIGCOMM e-book, to appear, Steve Uhlig 34
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