Ocean eddies off southern Norway
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1 Ocean eddies off southern Norway Ingerid Fossum Avslutningskonferanse MARE, Scandic Hotell Edderkoppen, Oslo, oktober 2005
2 Main questions: Does MI-POM reproduce the circulation pattern in Skagerrak? Where do we find instability in Skagerrak? What kind of instability is it? Skagerrak Norway Lista Is there a connection between instability and anticyclonic eddies off Lista? Denmark
3 Motivation: An area of high biological production One of the most difficult and hazardous waters to navigate To give better predictions about where to expect extreme current velocities
4 Satellite image SST (contrast enhanced) Lista
5 Current from MI-POM Lista
6 Energy diagnostics: K t M + ( F F ϕ K + R ) = CM + C M ME + S KM ϕ + ( F + P) t = C ϕ ϕ M CE + S ϕ K t E + F K = C ϕ E C ME + S E K E
7 Potential vorticity analysis Charney-Stern criterion: A jet is baroclinically stable if the gradient of Ertel s PV does not vanish across the jet If the gradient does vanish it constitutes a necessary condition for baroclinic instability
8 Mean kinetic energy (K M ) B A October May B A
9 Eddykineticenergy(K E ) B A October May B A
10 Conversion of energy between K M and K E (C ME ) B A October May B A
11 Conversion of energy between Φ and K E ( Φ ) C E B A October May B A
12 Upstream of Lista (point marked A ) Energy components Conversion terms K M K E C ME C E Φ J/m W/m Days Days
13 Off the southern tip of Norway (point marked B ) Energy components Conversion terms K M K E C ME C E Φ J/m W/m Days Days
14 PV and 30 days mean current at 50 m 12 May 2001 B A 7 October 2001 B A
15 Current and salinity at 30 m 17 October 2001
16 Conclusions: MI-POM reproduces the circulation pattern in Skagerrak The NCC veers offshore east of Lista Barotropic and baroclinic instabilities are highly active east of Lista Only weak instability off Lista Seasonal variation of the instability Strong instability east of Lista anticyclonic eddies off Lista
17 Major implication: A new method is developed to forecast anticyclonic eddies off the southern tip of Norway
18 The end
19 Future work: Determine the cause of the anticyclonic eddies off Lista Determine why the NCC veers offshore east of Lista Calculate all the terms in the energy equations Study the effect of variation in fresh-water inflow Study the effect of changing wind conditions
20 Skagerrak topography Oksøy Hanstholm
21 Skagerrak salinity and current Norway Lista Denmark
22 Skagerrak Norway Lista Denmark
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