Semantische webtechnologieën voor digitaal erfgoed en de geschiedwetenschap. Victor de Boer Web & Media the Network Institute

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1 Semantische webtechnologieën voor digitaal erfgoed en de geschiedwetenschap Victor de Boer Web & Media the Network Institute Kickoff Workshop Time Capsule, Utrecht 15 Nov 2013

2 Victor de Boer Assistant professor at VU University Amsterdam Domain-driven Semantic Technologies, Linked Data Cultural Heritage Digital History Linked Data for Development

3 Web of Documents (WWW) Linked Documents

4 Web of Data Linked Data

5 Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch.

6 Amsterdam Museum as Linked Open Data

7 Amsterdam Museum Formerly Amsterdam Historic Museum The rich collection of works of art, objects and archaeological finds brings to life the fortunes of Amsterdammers of days gone by and today. In March 2010 published their whole collection online objects CC license

8 Requirements for conversion and linking Transparent conversion and linking of the data Use of provenance and reproducibility Keep original complexities of the data while making it interoperable with other (Europeana) data Retain the relation to original data 8

9 AM metadata Adlib database XML API Object metadata objects Concept Thesaurus concepts geo, motif, event, Person Thesaurus persons Creators, annotators, reproduction creators, institutions, <record priref="10541 > <acquisition.date>1997</acquisition.date> <dimension> <dimension.type>hoogte</dimension.type> <dimension.unit>cm</dimension.unit> <dimension.value>6</dimension.value> </dimension> </record> <record priref="28024 > <term>kalverstraat 124</term> <broader_term>kalverstraat</broader_term> <term.type>geokeyw </term.type> </record> <record priref="6" > <biography>boekverkoper en uitgever van cartografie</biography> <birth.date.start>1659</birth.date.start> <death.date.start>1733</death.date.start> <name>aa, Pieter van der</name> <nationality>nederlands</nationality> <use>aa, Pieter van der (I)</use> </record>

10 Methods Tools 1. XML ingestion (OAI) 2. Direct transformation to crude RDF 3. Interactive RDF restructuring ClioPatria XMLRDF 4. Create a metadata mapping schema 5. Align vocabularies with external sources Amalgame 6. Publish as Linked Data

11 ClioPatria.swi-prolog.org ClioPatria is powered by

12 XMLRDF rewriting rules used for transparent conversion

13 Mapping to popular vocabularies dcterms:subject rdfs:subpropertyof am:obj_22093 am:contentpersonname Job Cohen

14 Amalgame alignment platform Semi-automatic alignment of SKOS vocabularies Simple automatic techniques, chained together by hand Transparent and interactive AM: GeoNames, ULAN, DBPedia, AATNed

15 AM in the Linked Open Data cloud

16 Verrijkt Koninkrijk

17 Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog History of German occupied Dutch society ( ) Published between 1969 and 1991 in 14 volumes, 30 parts, pages 1. Digitization, 2. Open Data, 3. Enriched access with Linked Open Data

18 country, collection, doc-type, volume, chapter, section, sub-section, paragraph

19 Niod Thesaurus (SKOS) niod:uitrusting niod:gasmaskers niod:transport Preferred: Transport Alternative: Vracht Niod termenlijst (XML)

20 SKOS vocabularies as stepping stones Back-of-the-book index (SKOS) Concepts references Named Entities (SKOS) Concepts 364,924 references

21 niod:oai_wo2_niod_nl_rec_ dct:subject niod:blitzkrieg skos:exactmatch botb:blitzkrieg

22 skos:exactmatch skos:exactmatch

23

24 SELECT * WHERE {?s skos:preflabel?pl.?s skos:closematch?geo.?geo gn:parentadm1?prov.?prov gn:name?provname.?s niod:pageref?pref. } Geographical analysis using background knowledge from GeoNames NE index BotB index

25 Results are links to paragraphs

26 Quick analysis, inspiring researchers Liberal 12% R-Catholic 12% Communist 8% Protestant 13% Jewish 5% National- Socialist 29% Social- Democrat 21% Pillar1 Pillar2 Co Liber. Protestant 0.29 Protestant R-Cath Liber. R-Cath Comm Soc-dem 0.20 Liber. Soc-dem 0.15

27 BiographyNet

28 Support historical analysis on Biographies Quantitative analyses of a larger group of people (prosopography). Surpassing the anecdotal. Finding relations/networks between people which are otherwise hard to detect Slides by BiographyNet team

29 Linked Data for BiograpyNet Provenance Meta Data NNBW Thorbecke Biographical Description Person Meta Data Event Birth 1798 Biography Parts Johan Rudolph Thorbecke werd in 1798 geboren op 14 januari in Zwolle en komt uit een half-duit Thorbecke Enrichment NLP Tool Biographical Description Person Meta Data Event Birth Zwolle Slides by BiographyNet team

30 Model Allows for different viewpoints / biographies of one person Allows for (semi-)automatic enrichment of textual data Models provenance for better science!

31 Dutch Ships and Sailors

32 Dutch Ships and Sailors VOC Opvarenden Dutch Asiatic Shipping Generale Zeemonsterrollen Noordelijke Monsterrollen KB Newspapers

33 1782 Web of Data gz:batavia gz:mercuur gz:claas Roem gz:buijksloot das:texel das:departure das:batavia das:arrival das:voyage1 das:roem, Klaas voc:buijksloot voc:claas Roem das:mercuur 1752

34 Lessons Learned

35 Lessons Learned By Linking your datasets and vocabularies, you can increase access, analysis options.

36 Lessons Learned LD allows you to retain complexities of the data and establish layers of interoperability

37 Lessons Learned A Little Semantics goes a Long Way and so does a small amount of links

38 Lessons Learned Use transparent, traceable methods (provenance)

39 Lessons Learned Show added benefit for scientific research and (unexpected) re-use

40 Lessons Learned Linked Data and Semantic Web Technologies and Humanities research go well together

41 Thank you Victor de Boer

42 Links /europeana Image credits Wikipedia lemmas Flickr images (cc-licensed) RMTip21 Argonne National Laboratory thegarethwiscombe Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. Gezicht op Canton, Vingboons-atlas, Bussum 1981, p. 35 VOC Kenniscentrum