A new species of Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea: Psocoptera : Ptiloneuridae), from Magdalena, Colombia, with a proposed classification of the genus

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1 Dugesiana 20(2): Fecha de publicación: 28 de diciembre de 2013 Universidad de Guadalajara A new species of Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea: Psocoptera : Ptiloneuridae), from Magdalena, Colombia, with a proposed classification of the genus Una nueva especie de Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea: Psocoptera : Ptiloneuridae), de Magdalena, Colombia, con una propuesta de clasificación del género Alfonso N. García Aldrete 1, Ranulfo González Obando 2 and Nancy S. Carrejo 2 1 Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal , México, D. F., México. anga@ib.unam.mx; 2 Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia. ranulfo. gonzalez@correounivalle.edu.co, nancy.carrejo@correounivalle.edu.co. ABSTRACT A species of Euplocania from the National Natural Park Tayrona, Magdalena, Colombia, is here described and illustrated, it is assigned to the Zelayensis species group. On the basis of forewing pigmentation, shape of the pterostigma, and structure of the hypandrium, eight species groups are recognized in Euplocania, which are here diagnosed, with species assigned to each and distribution. The genus presently includes 38 species, only nine of which have been described. Key words: Taxonomy, neotropics, Epipsocetae, Alexander von Humboldt Institute. RESUMEN Una especie de Euplocania, del Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, en Magdalena, Colombia, es aquí descrita e ilustrada; se incluye en el grupo de especies Zelayensis. Con base en la pigmentación del ala anterior, forma del pterostigma y estructura del hipandrio, se reconocen ocho grupos de especies en Euplocania, cuyas diagnosis son aquí incluidas, así como las especies asignadas a cada grupo y su distribución. El género actualmente cuenta con 38 especies, de las cuales solo nueve han sido descritas. Palabras clave: Taxonomía, neotrópico, Epipsocetae, Instituto Alexander von Humboldt. INTRODUCTION The universe of Euplocania species presently consists of 38 species, only eight of which have been described (Table 1). The genus is strictly neotropical, its species occurring from Nicaragua to southern Brazil. Five species have been collected in Colombia, four undescribed recent ones, and one fossil, from Quaternary copal (Personal unpublished records; Azar et al., 2009). The purpose of this work is to describe a species from the National Natural Park Tayrona, in the Department of Magdalena, and to present a classification of Euplocania, based on the pigmentation of the forewing, shape of the pterostigma, and structure of the hypandrium. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two males and one female were available for study. They belong to the collection of the Alexander von Humboldt Institute, in Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia. One male and one female were dissected in 80% ethyl alcohol, and their parts (head, right wings and legs and genitalia), were mounted on slides in Canada balsam. Color was recorded by placing whole specimens, before dissection, under a stereoscopic microscope illuminated with cold, white light at 50X. Parts on the slides were measured, following standard procedures, and the illustrations were made from digital photographs, taken with a Canon T3i camera and Helicon Focus program, processed in a vector graphics editor Clip Studio Paint. Abbreviation of parts measured are as follows: FW and HW: lengths of fore- and hind- wings, F, T, t 1 -t 3 : lengths of femur, tibia and tarsomeres 1-3 of right hindleg, ctt 1 : number of ctenidobothria on t 1, Mx4: length of fourth segment of right maxillary palpus, f 1 -f n : lengths of flagellomeres 1-n of right antenna, IO, D and d: minimum distance between compound eyes, antero-posterior diameter and transverse diameter, respectively, of right compound eye, all in dorsal view of head, PO: d/d. The specimens studied are deposited in the Museum of the Alexander von Humboldt Institute (MAH), and at the Entomological Museum of the Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia (MUSENUV). RESULTS Family Ptiloneuridae Euplocania reyesi García Aldrete, González & Carrejo n. sp. (Figs. 1-11) Diagnosis. Belonging in species group Zelayensis, diagnosed below, in the section on classification of Euplocania. Differing from E. zelayensis García Aldrete (2001) in having the processes of the central sclerite of the hypandrium stout, distally rounded and crossed; the external parameres of the phallosome are more robust than in E. zelayensis, and the

2 Dugesiana posterior endophallic sclerites are distally curved, not straight as in E. zelayensis. Description. Male. Color (in 80% ethanol for 10 years, nine months). Body cream yellowish, with brown spots as indicated below. Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline, with ochre centripetal crescents. One small brown spot on vertex, next to each compound eye; a Y shaped reddish brown spot from each compound eye to ocellar group and to each antennal fossa (Fig. 3), these with reddish brown rim. Antennae pale brown. Tergal lobes of meso- and metathorax pale brown. Thoracic pleura with brown irregular spots. Abdomen creamy, with ochre subcuticular rings. Wings hyaline, veins with a brown spot at wing margin, pterostigma with a proximal and a distal brown band (Fig. 1). Morphology. Outer cusp of lacinial tip with four denticles; forewings 2.6 times as long as wide, pterostigma elongate, wider posteriorly, 5.5 times as long as wide, M five branched, areola postica wide based, apically rounded (Fig. 1). Hypandrium of three sclerites, two small side ones flanking a large, central sclerite, this with two lateral, strongly pigmented, setose, stout posterior projections, distally rounded, with a small pointed projection on outer edge, the projections crossed to form an X (Fig. 6). Phallosome with external parameres robust, with an anterior handle, postero-lateral corners rounded, with inner corners slightly extended to form a blunt projection; three pairs of endophallic sclerites, each half of anterior pair with four arms, middle pair stout, acuminate, and posterior pair closely associated with inner margin of external parameres, stout, curved outwards (Fig. 5). Paraprocts broad, almost oval, with a mesal macrosetae, a setal field along outer edge, and 3-4 strong setae on apex, sensory fields with 28 trichobothria on basal rosettes, epiproct broadly triangular, rounded posteriorly, with a group of three mesal setae next to anterior border, and setal field on distal third, with a row of strong setae on apex (Fig. 4). Measurements (in µm). FW: 4225, HW: 2925, F: 1200, T: 2050, t1: 875, t2: 100, t3: 137, ctt1: 30, f 1 : 950, IO: 510, D: 300, d: 420, IO/d: 1.2, PO: 1.4. Female. Color. Essentially same as the male, subgenital plate pigmented along sides and posterior border. Morphology. Outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with five denticles, forewings, pterostigma and areola postica as in the male, M of four branches, M 4 forked (Fig. 7). Subgenital plate bell shaped (Fig. 11). Gonapophyses: V 1 long, slender, acuminate, strongly sclerotized, V 2+3 long, stout, outer lobe with a row of four long setae, distal process almost straight, acuminate, with a field of microspines (Fig. 10). Ninth sternum with a strongly pigmented, broadly triangular area (Fig. 10). Paraprocts and epiproct as in the male, epiproct with group of three setae mesally, not next to anterior border as in the male (Fig. 9). Measurements (in µm). FW: 4575, HW: 3125, F: 1225, T: 2000, t 1 : 825, t 2 : 75, t 3 : 125, ctt 1 : 32, Mx4: 275, f 1 : 365, IO: 555, D: 290, d: 410, IO/d: 1.35, PO: 1.4. Type locality. COLOMBIA. Magdalena. Tayrona National Natural Park. Cerro de San Lucas, N: W, 450m I Malaise trap, C. Sarmiento. Holotype male (MAH). Paratypes: 1,1, same data as the holotype (MUSENUV). Etymology. We take pleasure in dedicating this species, the first Euplocania named in Colombia, to Dr. Pedro Reyes Castillo, of the Instituto de Ecología, A. C. (Xalapa, Veracruz, México), in recognition to his valuable work in the taxonomy of the Passalidae. Remarks. The genera Euplocania Enderlein, and Triplocania Roesler, share genital characters of males and females: in the former, the hypandrium is of one or three sclerites, while in the latter, the hypandrium may be of 1-5 sclerites, in all cases with a large central sclerite, and 2-4 satellite ones. The females in both genera have complete gonapophyses, with distinctly pigmented ninth sternum. The two genera are traditionally separated by the forewing venation (García Aldrete, 2006): M of three branches in Triplocania, and M of four branches in Euplocania, but some species of Triplocania have the forewing M dichotomously branched, resulting in four branches, and some species of Euplocania have the forewing M of five branches, and sometimes, if M is four branched, M 4 is forked, but species of Euplocania with forewing M dichotomously forked have not been recorded as yet. The above indicates that the two genera may not be altogether separate, and at present the only criterion to separate the two genera is the number of M veins in the forewings. Table 1 shows the species of Euplocania known at present, nine described, and 29 undescribed ones, but on hand in our collections. The study of them allows us to establish species groups in the genus, diagnosed below, based on forewing pigmentation, shape of pterostigma, and structure of the male hypandrium. Table 1. Species of Euplocania Enderlein, and distribution Euplocania amabilis Enderlein Cordillera, Paraguay E. badonneli New & Thornton Madre de Dios, Peru. Rondonia, Brazil E. cerata New Amazonas, Brazil. Madre de Dios, Peru E. maculata New & Thornton Madre de Dios, Peru E. marginata New & Thornton Para, Goias, Brazil. Madre de Dios, Peru E. picta New Amazonas, Brazil E. pictaoides García Aldrete Madre de Dios, Peru E. zelayensis García Aldrete Zelaya, Nicaragua E. n. sp. 1 Valle del Cauca, Colombia E. n. sp. 2 Meta, Colombia E. n. sp. 3 Valle del Cauca, Colombia 150

3 A new species of Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea: Psocoptera : Ptiloneuridae), from Magdalena, Colombia E. reyesi n. sp. Magdalena, Colombia E. sp. Fossil Santander, Colombia E. sp. I Rondonia, Brazil E. sp. II Matagalpa, Nicaragua E. sp. IV Bahia, Brazil E. sp. V E. sp. VI E. sp. VII E. sp. VIII Roraima, Brazil E. sp. IX E. sp. X Goias, E. sp. XI Parana, Brazil E. sp. XIII E. sp. XIV E. ca. XIV E. sp. XV E. sp. XVI E. sp. XVII E. sp. XVIII E. sp. XIX E. sp. XX E. sp. XXI E. sp. XXII E. sp. XXIII E. sp. XXIV E. sp. XXV E. sp. XXVI Valle del Cauca, Colombia A classification of Euplocania The genus was described by Enderlein (1910), on basis of one female collected by K. Fiebrig, presumably in July of 1907, in San Bernardino, Paraguay. The type species is E. amabilis. The location of the type specimen is unknown. In what follows, we present the diagnoses of the species groups, the species included in each, and their known distribution. Amabilis group. Forewing with broad, pigmented marginal band from R 4+5 cells. Pterostigma angulate, extended towards Rs. Hypandrium of three sclerites, a large central sclerite, flanked by two small ones. Central sclerite with two lateral posterior projections. Species included: E. amabilis Enderlein, 1910 (Paraguay), E. badonneli New & Thornton, 1988 (Peru, Brazil), E. picta New, 1980 (Brazil), E. pictaoides García Aldrete, 1998 (Peru), Euplocania I (Brazil), Euplocania IV (Brazil), Euplocania V (Brazil), Euplocania VI (Brazil), Euplocania VII (Brazil), Euplocania VIII (Brazil), Euplocania IX (Brazil), Euplocania X (Brazil), Euplocania XI (Brazil), Euplocania XVI (Ecuador) (Figs ). Cerata group. Forewing almost hyaline throughout, pterostigma rounded, not angulate nor extended towards Rs. Hypandrium of one sclerite (side sclerites fused anteriorly to large central one). Central sclerite with two or four posterior projections, if four, the median ones short, acuminate. Species included: E. cerata New, 1980 (Brazil, Peru), E. maculata New & Thornton, 1988 (Peru), Euplocania XIII (Ecuador), Euplocania XIV (Ecuador), Euplocania ca. XIV (Ecuador), Euplocania XV (Ecuador), Euplocania XVII (Brazil), Euplocania XVIII (Ecuador), Euplocania XIX (Ecuador), Euplocania XX (Ecuador), Euplocania XXI (Ecuador), Euplocania XXV (Ecuador) (Figs ). Marginata group. Forewing with pigmented marginal band from R 4+5 cells. Pterostigma rounded, not angulate nor extended towards Rs. Hindwing with pigmented marginal band from R 4+5 cells. Hypandrium of three sclerites, central one large, with two median, stout, acuminate posterior projections. Species included: E. marginata New & Thornton, 1988 (Peru) (Figs ). Zelayensis group. Forewing hyaline, pterostigma elongate, not extended towards Rs. Hypandrium of three sclerites, central one large, with two lateral or median posterior projections. Species included: E. zelayensis García Aldrete, 2001 (Nicaragua), E. reyesi García Aldrete, González & Carrejo n. sp. (Figs ). A group. Forewing with broad, pigmented marginal band from R 4+5 cells, pterostigma angulate, extended towards Rs. Hypandrium of three sclerites, central one with two median, slender, elongate posterior projections. Species included: E. n. sp. 1 (Colombia), E. n. sp. 2 (Colombia), E. II (Nicaragua), E. sp. fossil (Azar et al., 2009) (Colombia) (Figs ). B group. Forewing with slender marginal band from R 2+3 to Cu 2 cell, pterostigma elongate, not extended towards Rs. Hypandrium of three sclerites, central one with four posterior projections, two large lateral and two small, median. Species included: E. n. sp. 3 (Colombia), E. XXIV (Ecuador) (Figs ). 151

4 Dugesiana C group. Forewing mostly hyaline, with slender pigmented band from R 4+5 to cell Cu 2, pterostigma rounded, not extended to Rs, veins with brown areolae at insertion of setae. Hypandrium of one sclerite, deeply cleft in the middle. Species included: E. XXII (Ecuador), E. XXVI (Colombia) (Figs ). D group. Forewing with pigmented marginal band from R 4+5 cells, pterostigma rounded, not extended to Rs. Hypandrium of three sclerites, central one deeply cleft in the middle, with two lateral, stout projections, with a row of short spines along outer border. Species included: E. XXIII (Ecuador) (Figs ). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to thank the Alexander von Humboldt Institute for giving us access to the Psocoptera in its collections. ANGA thanks Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, for continuous research support, RGO and NSC thank Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Vicerectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia, for research support. Enderlein, G Eine Dekade neuer Copeognathengattungen. Sitzungsbericht der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1910 (2): García Aldrete, A. N On the genus Euplocania Enderlein (Psocoptera: Ptiloneuridae) with description of a new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100 (4): García Aldrete, A. N A new, extra-south American species of Euplocania (Insecta, Psocoptera, Ptiloneuridae). Senckenbergiana biologica 81 (1/2): García Aldrete, A. N Two new ptiloneurid genera (Psocoptera: Ptiloneuridae) from South America. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 41(2): New, T. R Epipsocetae (Psocoptera) from the Reserva Ducke, Amazonas. Acta Amazonica 10 (1): New, T. R. & Thornton, I. W. B Epipsocetae (Psocoptera) from Peru. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 23: Recibido:23 de septiembre 2013 Aceptado: 5 de noviembre 2013 LITERATURE CITED Azar, D., A. Nel & A. Waller Two new Ptiloneuridae from Colombian copal (Psocodea: Psocomorpha). Denisia 26, zugleich Kataloge der oberösterreichischen Landesmuseen Neue Serie 86:

5 A new species of Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea: Psocoptera : Ptiloneuridae), from Magdalena, Colombia Figs Euplocania reyesi García Aldrete, González & Carrejo.. 1. Forewing. 2. Hindwing. 3. Front view of head. 4. Right paraproct and epiproct. 5. Phallosome. 6. Hypandrium. Scales in mm. 153

6 Dugesiana Figures Euplocania reyesi García Aldrete, González & Carrejo.. 7. Forewing. 8. Front view of head. 9. Left paraproct and epiproct. 10. Ninth sternum and left gonapophyses. 11. Subgenital plate. Scales in mm. 154

7 A new species of Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea: Psocoptera : Ptiloneuridae), from Magdalena, Colombia Figures Forewing and hypandrium in Euplocania species E. pictaoides García Aldrete (Amabilis group) E. cerata New (Cerata group) E. marginata New & Thornton (Marginata group) E. zelayensis García Aldrete (Zelayensis group). 155

8 Dugesiana Figures Forewings and hypandrium in Euplocania species E. n. sp. 1 ( A group) E. n. sp. 3 ( B group) Euplocania sp. XXVI ( C group) Euplocania sp. XXIII ( D group). 156